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The regulates  ISO 14040 and the life cycle 

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The regulates  ISO 14040 and the life cycle 

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The ISO 14040 standard regulates the methodology for the environmental evaluation of the life cycle analysis of a product. We explain what is its importance and evolution. The Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of a product is regulated by ISO 14040. It is an environmental evaluation methodology that allows analyzing and quantifying the environmental aspects and potential impacts of a product or service throughout its cycle. of life, that is, of all stages of its existence. According to the methodology proposed by ISO 14040, the life cycle analysis project can be divided into four different phases: The purpose of the study, Scope of the study, Inventory analysis, Impact analysis.
The four phases are not sequences, since the analysis of the life cycle is an interactive technique that facilitates the increase of the level of detail in successive interactions.
Activities for LCA
According to UNE-EN ISO 14040, when analyzing the environmental aspects and potential environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of a product, the following activities must be carried out:
• Collect an inventory of relevant inputs and outputs of the product system.
• Evaluate the potential environmental impacts associated with the inputs and outputs identified in the inventory.
• Interpret the results of the inventory analysis and impact assessment phases according to the objectives of the study

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The projects that are based on renewable energy are analyzed in a different way, than the traditional ones, since these have a cost of fuel and very small emissions in their renewable technology, for all these reasons it is analyzed with LCA (Analysis of Lifecycle). Given these circumstances, energy consumption and emissions must not be neglected during its life cycle.
We can add that gas-based projects are also very important since they are explained in a very complete way, trapping the system, user, economic and environmental values, simulating prices, with all this the project seeks a balance between services-products and the environment.

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The article analyzes and evaluates energy consumption and the emission of GHG (Projects of the distributed energy system). It is also a system which studies a project that has been developed in China, which consists of the distribution of natural gas. 5 different cases have been developed which consist of energy routes to compare their consumption, and also the emission performance. Thanks to this idea, it was discovered that renewable energy projects tend to develop well in the future, which are very beneficial for the good construction of our ecosystem.

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Life cycle analysis is a framework to estimate and evaluate the environmental impacts of a product or service during its stages, in the article we find the method of life cycle analysis (LCA) comparing the natural gas distributed energy system and in 5 cases they are different energies and energy consumption and emissions performance are compared life cycle analysis becomes a main flow of evaluation methods, studies provide more specific and realistic data for information on the type of project, the article examines the energy and environmental properties, being the first project of the energy system to provide electricity to the grid, the research is based on life cycle analysis with electrical outlets, heat, and cooling. The inputs required by the technologies are analyzed, and the comparison of consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases, information and guidance to political laws are provided.

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GRAPHS OF LIFE CYCLE RESULTS

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Research method: life cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from multiple types of distributed energy system projects with different energy supply routes are analyzed with the production of electricity, heat and cooling

Introduction of 6 cases: the cases for the potential development of the distributed energy system projects are described.

Case 1 use natural gas to generate electricity, heat, cooling.

Case 2; use coal to generate heat and buy electricity to provide cooling electricity

Case 3; use coal to generate electricity and use after heat to provide heat and cooling

Case 4; use local solar energy to provide part of the electricity and then follow case 2

Case 5; biomass (methane gas generated by the wine lees) provides electricity and cooling and coal for heat

Case 6; use wind power supplied from outside to supply electricity and cooling and use coal to provide heat

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We observe in the bar graph 1.2 that the case where the most energy is consumed is in the mid-Chinese grid electricity and the one that consumes the least energy is wind energy.

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We observe in the bar graph 1.2 that the case where the most energy is consumed is in the mid-Chinese grid electricity and the one that consumes the least energy is wind energy.

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In pie chart 1.3 we find that the case of the mid-Chinese grid electricity generates the most greenhouse gas emissions and the solar grid generates the least gases

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In pie chart 1.3 we find that the case of the mid-Chinese grid electricity generates the most greenhouse gas emissions and the solar grid generates the least gases

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We find in figure 1.4 that the life cycle that consumes the most energy and that sends greenhouse emissions is the mid-Chinese grid

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We find in figure 1.4 that the life cycle that consumes the most energy and that sends greenhouse emissions is the mid-Chinese grid

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The gas-based Distributed Energy System project compared to the traditional project reduces energy consumption and GHG emissions, demonstrating good performance in environmental value; Thus, in the processes analyzed for comparison and analysis, renewable energy, the sun, wind ... also plays an important role, bearing in mind that its main benefits are given that they have very little environmental impact, since in addition to not using finite resources, undetected pollutants, which is a good sustainable alternative to implement a carbon change considering that it is one of the dominant energies used in china (represents 85% of the energy used in heating)

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With what can we calculate the life cycle energy consumption and GEI emission?

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With what can we calculate the life cycle energy consumption and GEI emission?

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It is done through the following 3 steps.

Step 1: Convert the output to power input. Eg it denotes the input of energy (when it is converted into electricity or heat) from the technology of system k (case k). Yijk is the production type, while Cijk is its conversion ratio that is based on factors such as the machine's energy efficiency.

Ejk = ∑iYijk / Cijk

Step 2: The energy input is used to calculate the life cycle energy consumption and GHG emissions as above. LCk denotes the life cycle energy consumption of technology k, and aj is the relationship between life cycle energy consumption and energy input j. GHGk denotes the GHG emission of the life cycle of technology k, and bj is the relationship between the GHG emission of the life cycle and the energy input j. GHG emission is measured as CO2 equivalent.

LCk = ∑j Ejk * aj
GHGk = EMCO2 + 23EMCH4 + 296EMN2O = Ejk * bj

Step 3: Calculate the energy saving and emission reduction rate comparing case k and case k 'according to the previous results, REkk', RLCkk ', RGHGkk' are the energy saving rate, life cycle energy saving and GHG emissions reduction of the life cycle of case k compared to case k '.

REkk ’= 1-∑jEjk / ∑jEjk’
RLCkk ’= 1-LCk / LCk’
RGHGkk ’= 1-GHGk / GHGk

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The project has an outstanding performance in energy saving and emission reduction.Compared to coal and grid electricity, the Gas Distributed Power System project saves 8% energy and reduces GHG emissions by 38% in a Life Cycle Analysis view.

Renewable energy technology offers alternatives to reduce GHG emissions. Due to the project site environment, solar energy can hardly improve performance. However, it is possible to use biomass (by-product of beer production) or remote wind energy to improve the system. Therefore, it shows that renewable energy technology, especially the integrated use of biomass and wind energy, has great potential in the development of Distributed Energy System projects.

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(1)  Hansi, L., Xiongwen, Z., & Xunmin, O. (2017). Life Cycle Analysis of Distributed Energy System Projects’ Energy Consumption and GHG Emission – A Case of Beer Brewery Auxiliary Power Supply in China https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876610217308597

(2)  Ramirez, O, A. (2014, Abril 16). Análisis del Ciclo de Vida https://aciclovidasimapro.wordpress.com/

(3)  Norma Técnica Colombiana NTC-ISO 14040, Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas y Certificación (ICONTEC), Bogotá, 26 de Septiembre de 2007, Recuperado de https://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:3034/colecao.aspx

Norma Técnica Colombiana NTC-ISO 14044, Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas y Certificación (ICONTEC), Bogotá, 29 de Agosto de 2007, Recuperado de https://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:3034/colecao.aspx