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He is James's son. In 1635 he used his royal power to extend ship money on coastal towns. The Parliamentarians were against Charles I, in fact the Civil War had begun.

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The Rump Parliament abolished the monarchy and declared a republic called the Commonwealth. In 1655 Cromwell divided the country into eleven military regions under major generals; when he died, the army invited Charles II to come back from France and so the monarchy was restored.

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Between 1642 and 1649 there were bloody battles between the Royalists and the Parliamentarians. In the end Charles I was captured in 1648 and was brought to London, where a commission was set up to try him for no reason and was condemned to death and his execution took place in 1649.

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He is the first Stuart King of England; he joined Scotland to England and Wales as one kingdom called Great Britain, he introduced a distintive flag, called the Union Jack.