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Why Should I Study A Level Computer Science?

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Why Should I Study A Level Computer Science?

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Why Should I Study A Level Computer Science?

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A Day In The Life Of An Amazon Software Engineer (Seattle Edition)

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A Day In The Life Of An Amazon Software Engineer (Seattle Edition)

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A Day In The Life Of An Amazon Software Engineer (Seattle Edition)

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3 Years of Computer Science in 8 minutes

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3 Years of Computer Science in 8 minutes

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3 years of Computer Science in 8 minutes

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Getting Into Cyber Security: 5 Skills You NEED to Learn

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Turing Machines Explained - Computerphile

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Quantum Computers, Explained With Quantum Physics

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Quantum Computers, Explained With Quantum Physics

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Quantum Computers, Explained With Quantum Physics

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Early Computing: Crash Course Computer Science #1

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Early Computing: Crash Course Computer Science #1

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Early Computing: Crash Course Computer Science #1

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You've tried some Computer Science challenges, so here are the answers!

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A BIG list of Computer Science related careers

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Typical duties for workers with information technology (IT) and computer science jobs include developing and supporting computer systems, networks, software, and hardware. High-employing industries for computer science professionals include software publishing, higher education, government agencies, and computer systems design.

Some of the highest-paying and most in-demand computer science roles include software developer, computer and information research scientist, and information security analyst.

Many entry-level jobs in this field require at least a bachelor's degree. Depending on your specific career goal, you may also need a master's degree. However, professionals can also land positions without a computer science degree if they complete a coding bootcamp, teach themselves key skills, or earn relevant computer science professional certifications.

Use our guide to learn more about some of the best careers in computer science, including how to find work in this growing field. We describe what to expect from computer science jobs, highlight several prominent employers, and provide helpful resources.

Salary Potential and Career Outlook in Computer Science

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects 15% growth for computer science and information technology jobs between 2021 and 2031 - a much-faster-than-average growth rate, which may indicate continued demand for workers with tech skills as society continues to incorporate technology into everyday life.

BLS data also reveals computer and IT occupations earn higher-than-average wages: Their median annual salary was $97,430 in 2021, more than double the median wage of $45,760 for all workers nationwide.

Explore the two charts below for data about some of the highest-paid and fastest-growing computer science jobs.

Top Five Computer Science Jobs by Salary

Top Five Computer Science Jobs by Outlook

Major Employers of Computer Scientists

Microsoft: Founded in 1975 and headquartered in Redmond, Washington, Microsoft is the largest software maker globally. The company employs 221,000 workers worldwide, including 122,000 in the U.S. Microsoft hires tech professionals in roles like software engineer, data scientist, and solution architect.

Google: With a mission to "organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful," Google is one of the biggest tech companies in the world. Google employs various computer science professionals, including software engineers, UX researchers, and software developers.

Apple: The company behind the iPhone and Mac computers, Apple is a global juggernaut, reporting a quarterly revenue of $94.8 billion in April 2023. Apple offers computer science jobs in hardware, software and services, and machine learning and AI.

Amazon: In addition to online shopping, Amazon offers cloud services, hardware devices, entertainment, and delivery and logistics. Computer science professionals can find jobs in software development, software engineering, and data science at Amazon.

Meta: Originally created in 2004 under the name Facebook, Meta is a tech company that runs social media and communication platforms. They are also developing augmented and virtual reality tools for social experiences. Meta hires computer science professionals for roles like computer research scientist, security software engineer, product designer, and data scientist.

Note this list is not exhaustive. Other large companies that hire tech workers include Intel, IBM, and Cisco, and many other smaller organizations also employ computer and IT professionals.

Find Your Computer Science Career

How to Start a Career in Computer Science

Many careers in computer science - like software developer, information security analyst, and database administrator - typically require a bachelor's degree in computer science. Entry-level roles for most positions in this field do not require relevant work experience, though completing an internship or maintaining a programming portfolio can help you stand out in the job search.

Some computer science roles, such as computer and information research scientist, require a master's degree. Even if employers do not require a graduate degree, holding an advanced educational credential can help you qualify for upper-level jobs and higher salaries. Some companies may even cover master's program tuition as part of their education benefits.

In some cases, you can qualify for entry-level tech positions after completing a computer science bootcamp and/or earning computer science certifications. Learn about some of the leading tech companies where you can work without earning a computer science degree.

Resources for Working in Computer Science

Professional organizations can help computer science students and career switchers network, find work opportunities, and stay updated on new developments in the field. In addition to the options below, you can join organizations like the IAENG Society of Software Engineering or computer science Meetup groups.

Help for Computer Science Students

Help for Career Switchers

Questions About Careers in Computer Science

Do you need a computer science degree to get a job in tech?

If you earn a computer science degree, you can qualify for an array of entry-level tech jobs like computer programmer, software developer, and database administrator. However, you may also land tech roles without a degree by completing a bootcamp, earning a professional certification, or building a portfolio that highlights your relevant knowledge and skills.

What careers can you get with a computer science degree?

Which tech careers you qualify for depends on your education level, prior work experience, and employer. However, a computer science degree can help prepare you for various occupations, including information security analyst, computer systems analyst, computer and information research scientist, and network and computer systems administrator.

Are computer science careers in high demand?

The BLS projects 15% growth for computer and information technology jobs between 2021 and 2031, a much-faster-than-average rate. This can signify high demand for workers in this field.

Are computer jobs going away because of AI?

We cannot be certain about how AI will impact computer jobs in the future. Though AI can generate code for computer programming or analyze data, some industry experts predict that AI will actually augment tech professionals' work to be more efficient rather than replace them.

Last reviewed June 21, 2023.

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Careers in Computer Science | Careers, Salaries, and Resources

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Explore some of the best careers in computer science. Learn about average salaries, career outlook, and what to expect from various computer science jobs.

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Are you a world-changer? Whether it's finance, health, the creative industries or sport, the study of computer science helps build the technology that fuels big leaps forward.

What's on this page?

The impact you could make

Help people work, learn and communicate better

Play a key role in solving global problems, including climate change

Develop technologies that can drive advances and even take us to space

Algorithms and data structures

Database systems

Mathematical principles

Programming languages and software development

Web and mobile apps

Cyber security

Artificial intelligence

Study options

Options to study in this field include:

Subjects it's useful to have studied first

Start your search now

Get your UCAS Hub

Your place to discover your options and research your future.

Sign up today

So you want to study computer science?

Year 12 student Katie speaks to Holly Boothroyd, a Software Engineer at Microsoft.

Famous people who studied computer science

Mark Zuckerberg - founder of Facebook

Reed Hastings - CEO of Netflix

Marissa Mayer - CEO of Yahoo

Jimmy Fallon - talkshow host

Karlie Kloss - model

Liam Neeson - actor

Careers: Where can it take you?

Find out more about your career prospects from studying computer science.

The following information is based on a typical web developer role.

What is... a nanotechnologist?

Nope, we were stumped too. It's someone who works with incredibly small things to develop new materials, equipment, drugs or tools. It involves designing experiments to work out uses for these tiny elements, from new technology to medical procedures. Studying computer science could be a gateway into nanotechnology. Small steps!

Getting in: Entry requirements

Find out more about what you'll need to study computer science at university or as an apprenticeship.

Average requirements for undergraduate degrees

Entry requirements differ between university and course, but this should give you a guide to what is usually expected from computer science applicants.

Other Level 3/Level 6 qualifications (e.g. Pearson BTEC Level 3 National Extended Diploma in Computing, SVQ IT Professionals - SQCF Level 6) may be accepted as an alternative to A Levels/Highers.

Specific entry requirements vary considerably, depending on the focus of the course. For example, a very theoretical course may require A level Mathematics, whereas Business IT programmes would probably not ask for any science background beyond GCSE. Few courses specify A level Computing or equivalent.

Digital and IT apprenticeships

Watch our guide to digital and IT apprenticeships, hosted by Katie Thistleton. Hear from apprentices and employers.
Find out more
Chat to a current computing student

Chat to a current computer science student using UniBuddy.

Some conversation starters for you:

Ask which modules they really enjoyed.

Find out how easy it was for them to make friends on their course.

Do they have any tips on your personal statement?

Did they do anything to prep for uni before they went?

Are there books, podcasts or YouTube channels they would recommend?

Become a world changer
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Edinburgh Napier University's academics and students tell us how studying computer science will have a key role in the way our world will look in the future.
Find out more about Edinburgh Napier University
Skills, experiences and interests to mention

Are you good at problem solving? Do you enjoy playing games like Minecraft?

Have you ever coded something? Maybe you've used Raspberry Pi or have done CodeClub

Can you confidently discuss the debate around happens to our personal information online?

Could you talk about the benefits of AI and how it will change the world of work?

Teamwork and communication is really important in this field. Have you ever been part of a team? Maybe a hackathon or even a sports team? Have you ever organised an event at school?

Personal statement builder

Try our tool.

Get help structuring your statement.

Sign up today

Listen: THIS IS HOW podcast

From Depop to Facebook, THIS IS HOW is the podcast that breaks down the digital creative jobs which matter now, to show how they could be part of your future. Listen, take the careers quiz and access free resources and learning content recommended by expert guests here.

Higher Technical Qualifications (HTQs)

Higher Technical Qualifications

Higher Technical Qualifications (HTQs) are an alternative to apprenticeships or degrees.

They have been specifically designed with employers to ensure learners get the skills that employers have said they need. They are a quicker and cheaper alternative to a degree and can lead to higher wages early in a career.
See all Computer Science HTQs
Featured courses

Start exploring courses in computer science.

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Thinking about studying computer science? Find out why you should study it, entry requirements, and what jobs you can do with a computer science degree.

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20% of this course involves completing a programming project. We teach you how to develop your own video game as part of this project. We use the Unity game engine, coupled with the C# programming language. Checkout the resources below!

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Start your game-dev journey with Unity's tutorials.

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In this official course from Unity, you will learn to Create with Code as you program your own exciting projects from scratch in C#. As you iterate with prototypes, tackle programming challenges, complete quizzes, and develop your own personal project, you will transform from an absolute beginner to a capable Unity developer.

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AS and A Level Computer Science - H046, H446

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OCR AS and A Level Computer Science - H046, H446 (from 2015)) qualification information including specification, exam materials, teaching resources, learning resources

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Have a look at some amazing games built with Unity.

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The Unity engine is the most popular third-party game development software amongst developers worldwide. Teams and studios from AAA to indie are using Unity, and the proportion of developers and artists that rely on Unity as their primary development tool grows all the time.

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Try some of these basic Computer Science challenges to get a flavour of the course.

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Ofsted, 2021

Leaders and governors foster a culture of exceptionally high expectations for students' academic success

Ofsted, 2021

Students enjoy their lessons, which are taught by skilled, enthusiastic and knowledgeable teachers

You're treated as an individual... Everything is geared towards getting you ready for life and the staff really help prepare you for your exams

Ofsted, 2021

Leaders and staff create an exceptionally safe and welcoming culture

Ofsted, 2021

Students participate in an extensive range of activities and projects that develop their confidence and broaden their interests

Ofsted, 2021

There exists an ambitious curriculum that equips students exceptionally well with the knowledge and skills that they need to progress

Ofsted, 2021

Students thrive in the academy's calm and harmonious environment

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Trinity Sixth Form Academy - Outstanding Sixth Form in Halifax

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Ofsted, 2021 Leaders and governors foster a culture of exceptionally high expectations for students' academic success Ofsted, 2021 Students enjoy their lessons, which are taught by skilled, enthusiastic and knowledgeable teachers You're treated as an individual...

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Trinity Sixth Form Academy - YouTube

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TrinitySixthFormAcademy (@trinitysixthformacademy) on TikTok | 1.4K Likes. 397 Fans. Watch the latest video from TrinitySixthFormAcademy (@trinitysixthformacademy).

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C# is the main language we study and learn on the course. Checkout Microsoft's resources for this very powerful language.

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C# docs - get started, tutorials, reference.

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Learn C# programming - for beginning developers, developers new to C#, and experienced C# / .NET developers

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Learn how to build websites using HTML and CSS, as we do on the course.

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Disclosure: Your support helps keep the site running! We earn a referral fee for some of the services we recommend on this page. Learn more

Welcome! You've Found the Easiest Way to Learn HTML and CSS.

Whether you are a novice, hoping to delve into the world of web design or an experienced webmaster keen to improve your skills, we've got online tutorials tailored to your web design needs.

Our absolute beginner tutorial will turn you from wannabe to webmaster in just a few hours. Unlike many other HTML tutorials, it's a step-by-step guide - not a boring long-winded reference.

Our step-by-step guide teaches you the basics of HTML and how to build your first website. That means how to layout an HTML page, how to add text and images, how to add headings and text formatting, and how to use tables.

We'll get you building your new website in minutes, not hours.

HTML for Absolute Beginners

While many guides on the internet attempt to teach HTML using a lot of mind-boggling theory, this tutorial will instead focus on giving you the practical skills to build your first site.

The aim is to show you 'how' to create your first web page without spending the entire tutorial focusing too much on the "why."

By the end of this tutorial, you will have the know-how to create a basic website and we hope that this will inspire you to delve further into the world of HTML using our follow-on guides.

What is HTML?

Okay, so this is the only bit of mandatory theory. In order to begin to write HTML, it helps if you know what you are writing.

HTML is the language in which most websites are written. HTML is used to create pages and make them functional.

The code used to make them visually appealing is known as CSS and we shall focus on this in a later tutorial. For now, we will focus on teaching you how to build rather than design.

The History of HTML

HTML was first created by Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau, and others starting in 1989. It stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.

Hypertext means that the document contains links that allow the reader to jump to other places in the document or to another document altogether. The latest version is known as HTML5.

A Markup Language is a way that computers speak to each other to control how text is processed and presented. To do this HTML uses two things: tags and attributes.

What are Tags and Attributes?

Tags and attributes are the basis of HTML.

They work together but perform different functions - it is worth investing 2 minutes in differentiating the two.

What Are HTML Tags?

Tags are used to mark up the start of an HTML element and they are usually enclosed in angle brackets. An example of a tag is: <h1>.

Most tags must be opened <h1> and closed </h1> in order to function.

What are HTML Attributes?

Attributes contain additional pieces of information. Attributes take the form of an opening tag and additional info is placed inside.

An example of an attribute is:

In this instance, the image source (src) and the alt text (alt) are attributes of the <img> tag.

Golden Rules To Remember

1. The vast majority of tags must be opened (<tag>) and closed (</tag>) with the element information such as a title or text resting between the tags.

2. When using multiple tags, the tags must be closed in the order in which they were opened. For example:

<strong><em>This is really important!</em></strong>

HTML Editors

Now that we've gotten the basic theory out of the way. It's time to learn how to build our first website.

First off, we must ensure that we have the right tools. Most important, we need an HTML editor.

There are many choices on the market. Here are a handful of the most popular:

Sublime Text 3

However, for this tutorial, we will use the Sublime Text 3 as it is free and also offers cross-platform support for Windows, Mac, and Linux users.

Sublime Text 3 has a mini-preview window on the right.

Notepad ++

Another common choice for HTML and other language coders is Notepad ++. It is a tiny program to download and perform the functions you need for writing clean code.

Komodo Edit

Komodo Edit is one of two editors released by the same label. They offer a simple, open-source editor with a variety of extensions and language support.

It is free to download.

Komodo isn't one for a flash interface either but is simple to use.

What To Avoid

Do not use Microsoft Word or any other word processor when writing HTML code, only an HTML editor or at the very least, your machine's built-in notepad, is suitable for the task.

Secondly, ensure that you've installed a number of different browsers such as Chrome and Firefox in order to preview your upcoming creation.

Creating Your First HTML Webpage

First off, you need to open your HTML editor, where you will find a clean white page on which to write your code.

From there you need to layout your page with the following tags.

Basic Construction of an HTML Page

These tags should be placed underneath each other at the top of every HTML page that you create.

- This tag specifies the language you will write on the page. In this case, the language is HTML 5.

- This tag signals that from here on we are going to write in HTML code.

- This is where all the metadata for the page goes - stuff mostly meant for search engines and other computer programs.

- This is where the content of the page goes.

Further Tags

Inside the <head> tag, there is one tag that is always included: <title>, but there are others that are just as important:

This is where we insert the page name as it will appear at the top of the browser window or tab.

This is where information about the document is stored: character encoding, name (page context), description.
Let's try out a basic <head> section:
Adding Content

The HTML <body> is where we add the content which is designed for viewing by human eyes.

This includes text, images, tables, forms and everything else that we see on the internet each day.

How to Add HTML Headings To Your Web Page

In HTML, headings are written in the following elements:

As you might have guessed <h1> and <h2> should be used for the most important titles, while the remaining tags should be used for sub-headings and less important text.

Search engine bots use this order when deciphering which information is most important on a page.

Creating Your Heading

Let's try it out. On a new line in the HTML editor, type:

And hit save. We will save this file as "index.html" in a new folder called "my webpage."

Well let's not get carried away; we've still got loads of great features that we can add to your page.

How To Add Text In HTML

Adding text to our HTML page is simple using an element opened with the tag which creates a new paragraph. We place all of our regular text inside the element <p>.

When we write text in HTML, we also have a number of other elements we can use to control the text or make it appear in a certain way.

Other Key Elements

They are as follows:

These tags must be opened and closed around the text in question.

Let's try it out. On a new line in the HTML editor, type the following HTML code:
<p>Welcome to <em>my</em> brand new website. This site will be my <strong>new<strong> home on the web.</p>
Don't forget to hit save and then refresh the page in your browser to see the results.

How To Add Links In HTML

As you may have noticed, the internet is made up of lots of links.

Almost everything you click on while surfing the web is a link takes you to another page within the website you are visiting or to an external site.

Links are included in an attribute opened by the <a> tag. This element is the first that we've met which uses an attribute and so it looks different to previously mentioned tags.

The Anchor Tag

The <a> (or anchor) opening tag is written in the format:

The first part of the attribute points to the page that will open once the link is clicked.

Meanwhile, the second part of the attribute contains the text which will be displayed to a visitor in order to entice them to click on that link.

If you are building your own website then you will most likely host all of your pages on professional web hosting. In this case, internal links on your website will <a href="mylinkedpage.html">Link Title Here</a>.

Let's Create An Anchor Tag

Let's try it out. Make a duplicate of the code from your current index.html page. Copy / paste it into a new window in your HTML editor.

Save this new page as "page2.html" and ensure that it is saved in the same folder as your index.html page.

On page2.html add the following code:

This will create a link to Google on page 2. Hit save and return to your index.html page.

On a new line on index.html add the following code:

Ensure the folder path to the file (page2.html) is correct. Hit save and preview index.html in your browser.

If everything is correct then you will see a link which will take you to your second page. On the second page, there will be a link that will take you to google.com.

How To Add Images In HTML To Your Website

In today's modern digital world, images are everything. The <img> tag has everything you need to display images on your site. Much like the <a> anchor element, <img> also contains an attribute.

The attribute features information for your computer regarding the source, height, width and alt text of the image.

Styling and Formats

You can also define borders and other styles around the image using the class attribute. However, we shall cover this in a later tutorial.

The file types generally used for image files online are: .jpg, .png, and (less and less) .gif.

Alt text is important to ensure that your site is ranked correctly on search sites and also for visually impaired visitors to your site.

The <img> tag normally is written as follows:

Let's try it out.

Create Your Own Image With An Alt Text

Save an image (.jpg, .png, .gif format) of your choice in the same folder where you've saved index.html and page2.html. Call this image "testpic.jpg."

On a new line in your HTML editor enter the following code:

Hit save and preview the index.html page in your browser.

How To Make an HTML List

In web design, there are 3 different types of lists which you may wish to add to your site.

Ordered List

The first is an <ol>: This is an ordered list of contents. For example:

Inside the <ol> tag we list each item on the list inside <li> </li> tags.

For example:

<ol> <li>An item </li> <li>Another item </li> <li>Another goes here </li> </ol>

Unordered List

The second type of list that you may wish to include is an <ul> unordered list. This is better known as a bullet point list and contains no numbers.

An example of this is:

<ul> <li>This is </li> <li>An Unordered </li> <li>List </li> </ul>

Definition List

Finally, you may wish to include a definition list <dl> on your page. An example of a <dl> list is as follows:

HTML

Hypertext markup language is a programming language used to create web pages and is rendered by a web browser.

The code used for the above is as follows:

<dl> <dt>Item</dt> <dd>The definition goes here</dd> </dl>

Let's try it out. Open index.html and on a new line, enter the following HTML:

<p>This website will have the following benefits for my business:</p> <ul> <li>Increased traffic </li> <li>Global Reach</li> <li>Promotional Opportunities</li> </ul>

Now hit save and check out the results in your browser. If everything worked out then it will display a bullet-pointed table displaying the information above.

How To Add Tables In HTML

Tables can be styled in various ways - Codepen.io offers live previews to keep track of changes.

Another way to keep your website looking neat and orderly is through the use of a table.

This is definitely the most complicated part of this tutorial, however, learning it will certainly pay off in the long-run.

With this in mind, tables can still be a useful way to present content on your page.

What Does a Table Consist Of?

When drawing a table we must open an element with the <table> opening tag. Inside this tag, we structure the table using the table rows, <tr>, and cells, <td>.

An example of an HTML table is as follows:

<table> <tr> <td>Row 1 - Column 1</td> <td>Row 1 - Colunm 2 </td> <td>Row 1 - Column 3 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Row 2 - Column 1</td> <td>Row 2 - Column 2</td> <td>Row 2 - Column 3</td> </tr> </table>

This will produce a 2-row table with 3 cells in each row.

Tables can get quite complicated, so be sure to check out our special HTML tables tutorial.

Table Tags

However, watch out for these tags so that you can recognize them and use them as your skills develop.

Here are the tables tags presented in a table - pun totally intended.

Tables, borders, spacing are usually styled using CSS but we will cover this in a later tutorial.

Let's Make a Table

Go to a new line on the index.html page within your text editor. Enter the following HTML code:

<table> <tr> <td>Row 1 - Column 1</td> <td>Row 1 - Column 2 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Row 2 - Column 1</td> <td>Row 2 - Column 2</td> </tr> </table>

Hit save and preview it in your browser.

Congratulations: You did it!

How To Close an HTML Document

You've reached the end of our absolute beginners HTML tutorial.

The final step we need to complete is to close the <body> and <html> tags at the end of each page using the following HTML code:

You've also learned to add headings, text, images, links, lists and basic tables to these pages.

What's Next?

You can now use this knowledge to create your own web pages containing these features and link them together.

We suggest that you further enhance your skills by experimenting with the code you've learned using different variables. You may also wish to learn about how to make your pages beautiful using CSS.

The power to create your own website is now in your hands.

Troubleshooting

In case things didn't work out as intended, simply check your HTML code against the examples below.
Index.html troubleshooting code:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>My First Webpage</title> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="description" content="This is my first website. It includes lots of information about my life."> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to my webpage</h1> <p>Welcome to <em>my</em> brand new website.</p> <p>This site will be my <strong>new</strong> home on the web.</p> <a href="/page2.html">Page2</a> <img src="testpic.jpg" alt="This is a test image" height="42" width="42"> <p>This website will have the following benefits for my business:</p> <ul> <li>Increased traffic </li> <li>Global Reach</li> <li>Promotional Opportunities</li> </ul> <table> <tr> <td>Row 1 - Column 1</td> <td>Row 1 - Column 2 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Row 2 - Column 1</td> <td>Row 2 - Column 2</td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>
page2.html troubleshooting code:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>My First Webpage</title> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="description" content="This is my first website. It includes lots of information about my life."> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to my webpage</h1> <p>Welcome to <em>my</em> brand new website.</p> <p>This site will be my <strong>new<strong> home on the web.</p> <a href="http://www.google.com">Google</a> </body> </html>

Our Other HTML Tutorials

Our HTML tutorials teach you how to create a personal website or site for your business, without forcing you to learn unnecessary theory.

Our most popular beginner's tutorials include:
HTML tables
These tutorials guide you through the process of creating tables for your exact needs. Tables were once the primary means by which pages were laid out.

With the adoption of CSS, this is no longer necessary. And for good reason, because this created pages that were almost impossible to maintain. But for the purpose of display tables, HTML offers all the tools you will need.
Links
There's a lot more to links than just moving from page to page. In this tutorial, you will learn how to navigate pages and download files.

You'll also learn how to make your links as user-friendly as possible. Links are the core of HTML so this is important stuff.
Forms
Forms are important for marketing as well as creating web applications and more.

This detailed tutorial will guide you from the very basics to the most advanced uses of forms with CSS and JavaScript.
Fonts
At one time, the font was an HTML tag and it made creating maintainable web pages a nightmare. Now we use CSS to set fonts and their attributes like weight, style, and size.

And by using CSS, you can set the look of your pages consistently with the ability to radically change them by changing just a few lines of code. This tutorial explains all.
Images
With the use of the img tag and CSS, you can do just about anything you want.

But with HTML5, you have the addition of the picture and figure elements. Find out how to do images right with this thorough tutorial.

Intermediate & Advanced Tutorials

We've plenty of topics for intermediate and advanced HTML learners, too:
CSS tutorials
CCS, Cascading Style Sheets, allow you to design and ornament your web pages.

This tutorial takes you from the beginning to being fluent in CSS so that you can create complex pages that are easily maintained.

Javascript is often used to add dynamic elements (like this countdown clock) to web pages.

JavaScript is arguably the most important web coding language after HTML. Most websites you visit employ at least a little bit of JavaScript coding.

Along with HTML and CSS, JavaScript makes the trinity of webpage design and construction.

This tutorial assumes you know nothing and gets you going with this essential programming language. It even introduces you to advanced subjects like AJAX and jQuery.
HTML5
Video: This 3 minute crash course is a great way to start understanding HTML5. Semantic Markup
HTML5 has revolutionized webpage markup with things like semantic and multimedia elements. Find out all about the new goodies that are waiting to be explored.

This tutorial introduces you to semantic markup that allows you to construct pages so that their structure reveals their content.
Logical tags
This is especially useful as search engines become more and more advanced - allowing them to find users the right information they are looking for.

You may have noticed that few people use the i tag for italics and instead use the em tag.

This is because the i tag is just a formatting tag and thus should really be accomplished with CSS. The em has meaning: the text is emphasized.

Logical tags like em and cite are important in the same way as semantic markup. Find more in this brief discussion.

HTML Reference Guides

Meanwhile, our detailed HTML tags reference lets you find out more about every single HTML tag from to .

Each tag reference includes background and examples, which show how to use the tag in question. It's perfect for when you want to troubleshoot problems while coding HTML.
Button Tag

Buttons can be customized in astonishing ways using CSS and JS. This is Codepen.io - an online editing and code sharing platform.

Below are some of the most common tags - used by nearly every website you encounter:
Anchor Tag
A tag that puts a button onto a webpage. It must be combined with JavaScript in order to do anything. This page provides all the details you need.
Link Tag
Links are far more powerful than new HTML coders realize. Find out all you need to know to make the greatest use of the a tag.

The link tag can be confusing because it is easy to mix up with "links" (defined with the a tag).
Image Manipulation
But link is a very powerful tag that allows you to link an HTML document to an outside resource like a CSS file. Find out all you need to know here.

Although HTML makes displaying images easy with the img tag, by using some JavaScript, you can change images on the fly.
Character Codes
This tutorial shows you how.

Another great aspect of HTML is its ability to use non-keyboard keys like ® (&amp;reg;) and © (&amp;copy;).
Headings
This reference provides you with the information you need to make full use of these symbols.
Paragraph
Headings are a way to make text stand out by breaking up the page.
Italics
Paragraphs determine line spacing.
Bold
Create italics text just like in a word processor.
Anchor
Bold text emphasizes keywords.
Unordered List
The anchor tag is most commonly used to create links in combination with the href attribute.
List Item
Unnumbered lists of bullet points use the Unordered List tag.
Blockquote
Each line on a list is enclosed by a List Item tag.
Horizontal Rule
Blockquote tags are used to enclose quotations from people. This tag helps to differentiate the quote from the text around it.
Image
A horizontal rule is a straight line commonly used for dividing areas of a webpage.
Division
Learn the image tag to find out how to code pictures into your page.

The Division tag defines specific layout styles within CSS.

HTML Attributes Reference Guide

The HTML attributes section is designed to allow you to get up close and personal with the HTML attributes that you know and love while introducing you to some advanced attributes along the way.

Our most popular attributes include:

- Learn how to pick the image to display.

- This sets the name of the image for those who can't see the image for one reason or another.

- Links don't have to fill the current page. There are other, often better, options.

- The basic link attribute sets where it will transport the user to.

- Learn to set a webpage's background color, image, or more.

- Find out how to set the border color of your tables.

HTML Cheat Sheet

If you are pretty confident in your HTML abilities but sometimes feel like double-checking your work then look no further than our HTML cheat sheet.

This handy guide will show you everything you need to know about HTML in a super-compact, and easy-to-understand format. It provides information on particular tags and specific attributes in an alphabetized format.

You can bookmark the page for easy retrieval. Or you can print out our PDF so you can keep it by your desk.

The HTML.com Blog
Why Did The British Government Ban These 10 Websites?
Our blog includes posts covering all corners of the internet.
100+ Places to Post and Share Your Photos Online
The UK uses an "adult content filter" and censors many respected websites. But what they mean by "adult content" may surprise you.
Google Calendar: 50 Themes, Hacks & Add-Ons
Many dozens of places to upload and display your images. It's often better to host your images away from your website. Here are a number of choices.
Homebrew Nintendo Wii Hacks & Mods
Learn how to integrate your Google Calendar into your website.
The 20 Best Internet Scam Stories
Learn 100 cool Wii tips and tricks.
What Is Doxxing?
Read all about amazing internet scams that have rocked the world.

Find out about online privacy and the process of having your personal information released to the world.

The HTML.com Guide to Web Hosting

If you've already built your website then look no further than the HTML.com guide to web hosting.

We'll help you find the best hosting provider for your website.
SiteGround
Whether you are searching for a WordPress host, a cheap and cheerful space for your first website, or a dedicated hosting solution, our hosting section has reviews of all the big name hosting providers and a few smaller companies too, including:
Bluehost
This is one of the best hosting companies around with a full range of plans for whatever kind of hosting you need.
iPage
The first host to be officially recommended by WordPress. But they are a good host for any website.
HostGator
One of the most affordable hosting companies around. If you want to keep costs down without losing quality and features, iPage is a good choice.
WP Engine
One of the best all-around hosting companies - well worth checking out.

The number one host for high-end WordPress hosting.

Improve Your HTML Skills

Now that you've gotten started with HTML, you can improve your skills. It's exciting to see everything you can do with web pages. Check out more of our tutorials and start learning now!

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Frank Moraes is an editor and writer at HTML.com and other nerdy websites.

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Disclosure: Your support helps keep the site running! We earn a referral fee for some of the services we recommend on this page. Learn more Whether you are a novice, hoping to delve into the world of web design or an experienced webmaster keen to improve your skills, we've got online tutorials tailored to your web design needs.

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SQL isn't strictly speaking a programming language, but we learn this querying language on the course.

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SQL is a standard language for storing, manipulating and retrieving data in databases.

Our SQL tutorial will teach you how to use SQL in: MySQL, SQL Server, MS Access, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, Postgres, and other database systems.

Start learning SQL now "

Examples in Each Chapter

With our online SQL editor, you can edit the SQL statements, and click on a button to view the result.

Click on the "Try it Yourself" button to see how it works.

SQL Exercises

SQL Examples

Learn by examples! This tutorial supplements all explanations with clarifying examples.
See All SQL Examples
SQL Quiz Test

Test your SQL skills at W3Schools!
Start SQL Quiz!
My Learning

Track your progress with the free "My Learning" program here at W3Schools.

Log in to your account, and start earning points!

This is an optional feature. You can study at W3Schools without using My Learning.

SQL References

At W3Schools you will find a complete reference for keywords and function:
SQL Keyword Reference MYSQL Functions SQLServer Functions MS Access Functions SQL Quick Reference
SQL Data Types

Data types and ranges for Microsoft Access, MySQL and SQL Server.
SQL Data Types
Kickstart your career

Get certified by completing the course

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W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more.

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Learn how to get closer to the machine with Assembly language, as we do on the course.

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LMC simulators are based on the Little Man Computer (LMC) model of a computer, created by Dr. Stuart Madnick in 1965. The LMC simulator is generally used to for educational purposes, because it models a simple Von Neumann architecture computer which has all of the basic features of a modern computer. It is programmed using assembly code.

The LMC simulator demonstrates how assembly code is processed by the CPU using the Fetch, Decode and Execute (FDE) Cycle. It shows the impact of the FDE cycles on the main registers found inside the CPU:

The PC (Program Counter),

The CIR (Current Instruction Register),

The MAR (Memory Address Register),

The MDR (Memory Data Register),

The Accumulator.

The LMC simulator also demonstrates how the CPU interacts with the Random Access Memory (RAM) and how both data and instructions are stored in the RAM. On our LMC simulator the RAM consists of 100 memory cells (also called mailboxes). Each cell has a unique memory location (a number between 00 and 99).

Most assembly instructions consist of an opcode and an operand.
When coding in assembly code we use mnemonics (e.g. INP, ADD, SUB, LDA, STA, etc.) for the opcode of the instruction. A lookup table (See at the end of this blog post) is used to check the corresponding opcode matching a mnemonic. With the LMC simulator, the operand is a memory location ( Direct Addressing) of where the data used by the instruction can be fetched from (e.g. LDA, ADD, SUB instructions) or needs to be stored (e.g. STA instruction).

Labels can also be used instead of hard coding memory locations in the code. Labels are extremely useful when using branching instructions (BRA, BRZ, BRP), as they can be used to locate a specific instruction in the code/RAM. They can also be used to name memory cells in the RAM used to temporary store values. (Similar to the use of variables in a high level code).

LMC simulators can be used to implement simple programs to perform basic mathematical operations such as adding or subtracting numbers, comparing or sorting numbers, etc.

Launch our online LMC SimulatorOpen in new tab/window

You will find on this blog a range of LMC challenges that you can complete using our online LMC simulator:

LMC Instruction Set / Lookup Table

Note that in the following table "xx" refers to a memory address (aka mailbox) in the RAM. The online LMC simulator has 100 different mailboxes in the RAM ranging from 00 to 99.

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LMC simulators are based on the Little Man Computer (LMC) model of a computer, created by Dr. Stuart Madnick in 1965. The LMC simulator is generally used to for educational purposes, because it models a simple Von Neumann architecture computer which has all of the basic features of a modern computer.

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JavaScript is a language we study and learn on the course.

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JavaScript is the world's most popular programming language.

JavaScript is the programming language of the Web.

JavaScript is easy to learn.

This tutorial will teach you JavaScript from basic to advanced.

Start learning JavaScript now "

Examples in Each Chapter

With our "Try it Yourself" editor, you can edit the source code and view the result.

Use the Menu

We recommend reading this tutorial, in the sequence listed in the menu.

If you have a large screen, the menu will always be present on the left.

If you have a small screen, open the menu by clicking the top menu sign ☰.

Learn by Examples

Examples are better than 1000 words. Examples are often easier to understand than text explanations.

This tutorial supplements all explanations with clarifying "Try it Yourself" examples.

If you try all the examples, you will learn a lot about JavaScript, in a very short time!

JavaScript Examples "

Why Study JavaScript?

JavaScript is one of the 3 languages all web developers must learn:

1. HTML to define the content of web pages

2. CSS to specify the layout of web pages

3. JavaScript to program the behavior of web pages

This tutorial covers every version of JavaScript:

The Original JavaScript ES1 ES2 ES3 (1997-1999)

The First Main Revision ES5 (2009)

The Second Revision ES6 (2015)

All Yearly Additions (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020)

Learning Speed

In this tutorial, the learning speed is your choice.

Everything is up to you.

If you are struggling, take a break, or re-read the material.

Always make sure you understand all the "Try-it-Yourself" examples.

The only way to become a clever programmer is to: Practice. Practice. Practice. Code. Code. Code !

Commonly Asked Questions

How do I get JavaScript?

Where can I download JavaScript?

Is JavaScript Free?

You don't have to get or download JavaScript.

JavaScript is already running in your browser on your computer, on your tablet, and on your smart-phone.

JavaScript is free to use for everyone.

My Learning

Track your progress with the free "My Learning" program here at W3Schools.

Log in to your account, and start earning points!

This is an optional feature. You can study W3Schools without using My Learning.

JavaScript References

W3Schools maintains a complete JavaScript reference, including all HTML and browser objects.

The reference contains examples for all properties, methods and events, and is continuously updated according to the latest web standards.

Complete JavaScript Reference "

JavaScript Quiz Test

Test your JavaScript skills at W3Schools!
Start JavaScript Quiz!
Kickstart your career

Get certified by completing the course

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W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more.

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Do you have a question about the Academy, our curriculum offer or anything else about your future post-16 education? Or do you have a question about the 'Reading Materials', 'Resources' or 'Challenges' that subjects have set for you in their curriculum area of this Padlet.
Please ask by submitting this Microsoft Form, we are here to support you.

Tel:
01422 240 033
Email: contactus@sixth.trinitymat.org

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An outline of our course as it runs in Year 12.

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Absolutely anyone!

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Browse through the pretty amazing Unity Learn tutorial platform.

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Learn game development w/ Unity | Courses & tutorials in game design, VR, AR, & Real-time 3D | Unity Learn

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Free tutorials, courses, and guided pathways for mastering real-time 3D development skills to make video games, VR, AR, and more.

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Computer Science is a challenging and rewarding subject to take at A Level.

We use the OCR exam board for our course, which covers everything from classic Computer Science theory, right up to cutting-edge technologies. It also gives us the flexibility to look at exciting areas such as video game development for our programming project.

You don't need previous Computer Science experience to do well on this course. What you do need is the ability to work hard and enjoy the challenges that you will be faced with in our lively, inclusive classroom.

Many of our students go on to study Computer Science or related degrees at university, but whatever your future plans, a Computer Science A Level will open many doors for you.

If you have any questions, the most direct way is to contact Mr. Baxter, the Computer Science teacher, by email:

tbaxter@sixth.trinitymat.org

contactus@sixth.trinitymat.org