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Many animals such as cats and dogs scent mark. This means the animal will urinate to let others know about their claim.

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Different animals use different ways of defending their territory. Some animals will use songs to warn the intruder that they are in another territory and warm other animals about the intruder. Another example would be to leave scents around their territory. Many animals will leave urine and dropping around their area to warn off other animals. Lastly some animals will just fight. If they see a intruder entering their territory they will fight until one surrenders or sometimes dies.

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A niche is a job/role a certain organism has in an ecosystem. Two examples of animals who survive based on their niche would be the kangaroo rat which can survive without ever drinking water. Another example would be the
spinifex hopping mouse which is nocturnal and stays hidden in burrows throughout the day and can raise it's body temperature so it's surroundings feel cooler. They can also survive without water.

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Courtship dances is a form of communication between two animals which usually leads to reproduction. This image is two cranes doing the courtship dance.

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Pheromones are chemical signals released by an organism that influence the behavior of another. Animals use pheromones to communicate in many ways. One way they use this method to know when the female is in heat.

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Estivation is the dormancy of a organism during a hot or dry period of time. Organisms use this to conserve energy in these hot and dry conditions.

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Hibernation is the dormancy of an organism during a cold period of time. Organisms like bears do this to avoid food shortage during the cold months of the year without having to migrate.

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Instincts is a trait that a organism is born with and hasn't had to been taught. For example a cat stalking it's prey.

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Learned behaviors are behaviors that an organism learns throughout life. One example would be a cat coming into the kitchen as soon as he heard the food bowl open.

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Imprinting is a time in an organisms early life when it forms attachments and develops it's own identity. A example of this would be birds and mammals are born with pre-programed drive to imprint on their mothers.

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Classical conditioning means two stimuli are linked together to produce a new learned response in a person or animal. A example of this would be every time a dog sees food he begins to salivate, this is a instinct which is something he can't control. This can be classically trained by having the dog associate a bell with food, this will cause him to salivate every time he hears the bell.

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Trial and error learning is when an organism starts to understand associate behaviors with the consequences they produce. One example would be putting a mouse in a skinner box this teaches the mouse when they push the lever down they get food.

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Habituation is when an organism is exposed to the same stimuli repeatedly so eventually stop responding to that stimuli. One example of this would be in Grand Canyon National Park. The animals have gotten so use to the people there they don't run away and be frighted anymore like they were at first.

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Migration is used by animals to survive in many ways. Animals migrate to get better food or just better livable conditions to survive. One example is butterflies, they migrate south in the winter because they are not able to survive the cold winter. Their food source also can't survive the winter so they migrate.

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Excretion is the removal of substances from organisms. Animals use this to survive because it keeps balance. Waste in the body is poisonous and could give diseases. One example of this is when a dog uses the bathroom.

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Camouflage is used to help animals to survive by helping them hide from predators or even prey. A example of this would be a cuttlefish. This small marine creature hides from large animals like sharks to protect themselves.

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Unique movement is used to help animals survive by helping them get away from predators. If an animal has a unique movement such as birds they can get away from predators. For example if an bobcat is trying to hunt a small bird it can fly away.

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Carrying capacity is the average population size in a habitat.

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One limiting factor that effects a population carrying capacity is food. Every animal needs food but their is only enough to go around for every animal.

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Another limiting factor is shelter. Every animal needs shelter weather it is a tree or cave they still need one.

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Thirdly a limiting factor is water. Not all but most animals need water however only a limited amount of water is in each habitat.

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Lastly a limited factor is mates. All animals need to reproduce and with all these other limiting factors only a certain amount of animals can exist in the ecosystem meaning reproduction is limited. Many animals fight for resources including mates.

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A disease that has a severe loss of the body's cellular immunity and also greatly lowers the resistance to infection and malignancy.

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A highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory passages that causes things like fever, body aching and  catarrh.

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An infectious bacterial disease that the growth of nodules in the tissues, especially the lungs.

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A disease of elms that is characterized by wilting, yellowing, and falling of the leaves and caused by a fungus, Ceratostomella ulmi, transmitted by bark beetles.

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Pfiesteria is a genus of heterotrophic dinoflagellates that has been associated with harmful algal blooms and fish kills.

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A symbiotic relationship is when two organisms likely of two different species benefit from one another. One example of this would be sea anemones and clownfish.

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Parasitism is the symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits while the other doesn't. One example of this would be fleas on dogs.

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Predation is the preying of one organism on another. One example is a bear hunting a fish.

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Competition is when organisms compete for the same resource. One example would be chetahs and lions. They both prey on the same species meaning they compete for food all the time. Three things animals will compete over is food, water and shelter.

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Commensalism is when two organisms have a relationship where one benefits while the other isn't harmed or benefited. One example would be when a remora rides attached to a shark.

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A keystone species is a species in which the ecosystem largely depends on, so much so if this species were to die off the ecosystem would change drastically.

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Sharks are a keystone species. They not only keep the number of fish manageable but also feed on the weak and sick fish which lower the chances of disease in the ocean.

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The sea otter is also a keystone species. They feed on sea urchins which maintains the coastal marine ecosystem.

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Lastly the snowshoe hare is also a keystone species. This organism is prey for many other organisms. They keep the balance between predator and prey for the entire ecosystem. Without them the entire ecosystem would end.