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In the north there is mainly pastoral farming. Grass grows well here due to higher rainfall

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Is very important to Spain's economy. About a third of Spain's territory is used for agriculture , and about 4% of the labour force is involved to farming. Spain exports a lot of aricultural produce, mainly to other countries in the EU . The main exports are olive oil, fruit, vegetables, wine and pork.

Spanish farmers recieve subsides and other assistance from the EU. The types of farming in each part of the country depend on various factors , including te climate and relief.

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There are vineyards, and fruit and vegetables are grown .The land is hilly, so it has to be terraced for agriculture.

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On the coast, where the climate is warm and dry, there are lots of fruit trees (incluiding citrus fruits). Fruit and vegetables are grown intensively in irrigated greenhouses. Wine, wheat and olive trees are also cultivated, which provide the three basic products of traditional food in that part of the world: bread,wine and olive oil.

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A lot of cereals are grown on the flat land. Most land is not irrigated.
There also many vineyards, particulary in La Rioja and around Valdepeñas.

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The EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) supports agriculture in the EU. About 41% of the EU's total budget is spent on CAP. The main aims of CAP are:

- to produce enough safe, high-quality food
- to support economic development in rural areas
- to protect environment and promote animal welfare

CAP supports farmers by giving them subsidies. In return, they have to look after their animals properly, encourage biodiversity and protect the landscape. Farmers receive extra help if there is  a natural disaster or an outbbreak of disease. The EU also pays for research into new techniques in farming and food processing.

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In european countries, there are still many mixed farms. This is a more tradicional type of farming.

- The farms are often family-run and they are small or medium-sized.

- They grow food for the animals on the farm.

- They use animal manure asa natural fertilizer.

- The fields are normally fairly small. They have hedges, which are good for wildlife.

- Some farms use crop rotation: every year they change the crops that tehy growin each field. Some years they don´t grow anything. This gives the land a cahnceto recover, and helps to reduce pests.

- They produce a range of products, for example wheat, corn, milk and cheese. Growing several differents crops is called polyculture.

These farms are less efficient than large arable farms. As the fields are smalle, fewer jobs can be done by machine, so they need more manual labour.

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the process of growing plants in water or sand, rather than in soil

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A substance added to soil to make plants grow more succesfully

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Meaning: milk, eggs, cheese and other milk products

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Relating to the work of a priest or teacher in giving help and advice on personal matters, not just those connected with religion or education

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a piece of land where grapes are grown in order to produce wine; a business that produces wine from the grapes it grows in a vineyard

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Política Agraria Común (PAC).

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Farming uses various inputs, including:
-Manual labour: Work done by people.
-Mechanisation: Using machines to do work instead of manual labour.
-Water: Naturally throught rainfall or using irrigation.
-Chemicals: Herbicides, pesticides and fertilisers.
-Scientifically-developed seed varieties: That give higher yields or are resistant to pests.
We can classify farming methods depending on the inputs they use:
-Intensive farming: Tries to maximise production and profits by using lots of inputs.
-Extensive farming: Uses far fewer inputs. This reduces costs, but it often means that yields are lower,  Extensive farms are often very big.

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irrigated land/crops irrigate something to supply water to an area of land, typically through pipes or channels, so that crops will grow.

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Fruits such as strawberries are grown on irrigated land. There are also rice fields.

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Here the main crop is olives. Spain is the world´s biggest producer and exporter of olives.

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The type of farming varies greatly from place to place, depending on physical and human factors.

PHYSICAL FACTORS
- Climate
- Relief
- Soil type

HUMAN FACTORS
- The amount of capital the farmer has to invest.
- The cost of manual labour and technology.
- Subsidies and environmental policies.
- The demand for the produce.

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There are three main types of farming:
-Arable farming: Growing crops.
-Pastoral farming or livestock farming: Raising animals.
-Mixed farming: Growing crops and raising animals on the same farm.

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You can see plastic greenhouse all along the mediterranean coast of Spain.

Greenhouse trap the Sun's heat , which means that some crops can be grown all year round.

Farmers use them to grow a wide variety of fruits ad vegetables, many of which are exported.
A technique of irrigate called hydroponics is  becoming popular. The plants are grown without soil ,in water mixed with nutrients.

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Organic farming is farming without using pesticides,                       herbicides or chemical fertilizers. Instead, it uses traditional techiques like crop rotation. Pests are controlled using natural  predators, such as ladybirds.

As it doesn' t use chemicals, organic farming is better for the environment than conventional farming. Some people think that  not using chemicals also makes the food healthier.

However, yields are lower, so less food can be produced from the same amount of land. This makes the food more expensive.

In 2011, Spain had the largest area of organic agricultural land in the EU. 6.5% of its total agricultural land was organic . In 2011, about half of Spain's organic produce was exported, mainly to countries  in the EU, such as Germany and France .
In 2010, only 1% of food sales in Spain were organic

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A building with glass sides and a glass roof for growing plants in.

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Dairy farming is raising animals to produce milk.

-In Europe, most dairy farming is highly mechanised, with machines to feed and milk the cows.

-The cows have a very carefully controlled  diet.

-Their weight and health is also carefully monitored.

-The cows live inside most of the time.