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- Pessimistic approach towars the workers actitude
- Workers need constant direction
- Workers need control
- Workers have no incentive to work

This theory has been discarded in the latest years.

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The trait theory of

leadership (proposed by Raymond Cattell) focuses on identifying different

personality traits and characteristics that are linked to successful leadership across a variety of situations. For example, if a person is more known with math, it is likely they will work in a math-related environment better.
The traits are divided in 16 factors which define the characteristics of the employees in order to predict their behaviour better.

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It focuses on how leaders behave, and assumes that these traits can be copied by other leaders.
This theory suggests that the best predictor of leadership success is viewing how a leader acts. Action rather than qualities are the focal points of behavioral learning theory.

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This theory proposed by Chris Argyris mentions that a person´s development is processed a continuos break of an immaturity situation to a maturity situation.

Maturity: A mature person is characterized for being active, independent, self- confident and controlled.

Immaturity: An immature person is dependant, needs someone to follow because he has lack of confidence and is very dependant.

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Theory Y managers have an optimistic, positive opinion of their people, and they use a decentralized, participative management style. ... Theory Y organizations also give employees frequent opportunities for promotion. This style of management assumes that workers are: Happy to work on their own initiative.