# data[].attributes.headline
2 central features: 1) that all cognitive information is stored as a series of connections between units, 2) that these connections between units become stronger and faster with repeated pairings.

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2 central features: 1) that all cognitive information is stored as a series of connections between units, 2) that these connections between units become stronger and faster with repeated pairings.

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the simultaneous processing of syntactic information, semantic information, orthographic information, and lexical information allows for higher-level and lower-level processes to simultaneously interact on the visual input.

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the simultaneous processing of syntactic information, semantic information, orthographic information, and lexical information allows for higher-level and lower-level processes to simultaneously interact on the visual input.

# data[].attributes.headline
5 major components: visual memory, phonological memory, episodic memory, semantic memory, and attention

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5 major components: visual memory, phonological memory, episodic memory, semantic memory, and attention

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in the general information processing perspective, the reading process is depicted as consisting of a series of discrete stages

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in the general information processing perspective, the reading process is depicted as consisting of a series of discrete stages

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Foucault- considers the relationships between individuals, literacy, and social transformation

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Foucault- considers the relationships between individuals, literacy, and social transformation

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Bandura- human behavior combines features of Behaviorism with those of social learning

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Bandura- human behavior combines features of Behaviorism with those of social learning

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Vygotsky: children learn as a result of their social interactions with others.

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Vygotsky: children learn as a result of their social interactions with others.

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emphasizes the roles of social, cultural, and historical factors in the human experience.

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emphasizes the roles of social, cultural, and historical factors in the human experience.

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rooted in the fields of anthropology, linguistics, and literary analysis

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rooted in the fields of anthropology, linguistics, and literary analysis

# data[].attributes.headline
a wide and deep body of literature promotes the beneficial effects of exercise on human existence. The well-known benefits of exercise fall into the categories of physical health and emotional health.

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a wide and deep body of literature promotes the beneficial effects of exercise on human existence. The well-known benefits of exercise fall into the categories of physical health and emotional health.

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even if adequate nutrition is assured, learning will be impaired if healthy, stable sleep patterns are not in place

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even if adequate nutrition is assured, learning will be impaired if healthy, stable sleep patterns are not in place

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Research on the evolution of the human brain over millions of years provides biological evidence for the foundational importance of physiological needs in human functioning

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Research on the evolution of the human brain over millions of years provides biological evidence for the foundational importance of physiological needs in human functioning

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Instruction is carefully broken down into small steps that are carefully sequenced to maximize the likelihood of students' success and to minimize the likelihood of students' frustration and failure.

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Instruction is carefully broken down into small steps that are carefully sequenced to maximize the likelihood of students' success and to minimize the likelihood of students' frustration and failure.

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4 laws: the Law of Effect, the Law of Readiness, the Law of Identical Elements, and the Law of Exercise

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4 laws: the Law of Effect, the Law of Readiness, the Law of Identical Elements, and the Law of Exercise

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"Stimuli that occurred after a behavior [also] had an influence on future behaviors"

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"Stimuli that occurred after a behavior [also] had an influence on future behaviors"

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4 components: Unconditioned stimulus, an unconditioned response, a conditioned stimulus, and a conditioned response.

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4 components: Unconditioned stimulus, an unconditioned response, a conditioned stimulus, and a conditioned response.

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A theoretical perspective of learning that focuses on observable changes in behavior.

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A theoretical perspective of learning that focuses on observable changes in behavior.

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Holdaway (1979) believed that learning to read is viewed as a natural developmental occurrence.

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Holdaway (1979) believed that learning to read is viewed as a natural developmental occurrence.

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Piaget identified 4 factors at affect the quality of an individual's thinking as she or he grows: biological maturation, activity, social experiences, and equilibration.

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Piaget identified 4 factors at affect the quality of an individual's thinking as she or he grows: biological maturation, activity, social experiences, and equilibration.

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the process of thinking about one's own thinking

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the process of thinking about one's own thinking

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the more elaborated an individual's schema for any topic, the more easily he or she will be able to learn new information in that topic area. Without existing schemata it is very hard to learn new information on a topic.

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the more elaborated an individual's schema for any topic, the more easily he or she will be able to learn new information in that topic area. Without existing schemata it is very hard to learn new information on a topic.

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Dewey (1950s/60s) emphasized the growth of the individual, the importance of the environment, and the role of the teacher in students' learning.

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Dewey (1950s/60s) emphasized the growth of the individual, the importance of the environment, and the role of the teacher in students' learning.

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a theory of learning that emphasizes the active construction of knowledge by individuals.

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a theory of learning that emphasizes the active construction of knowledge by individuals.

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(Noam 2013) A lack of connection to caring adults at school is cited as a major variable of student alienation, failure, and disaffection from school, and finally dropout.

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(Noam 2013) A lack of connection to caring adults at school is cited as a major variable of student alienation, failure, and disaffection from school, and finally dropout.

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a system of behaviors aimed at establishing and maintaining closeness and contact

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a system of behaviors aimed at establishing and maintaining closeness and contact

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a set of statements or principles devised to explain a group of facts or phenomena, especially one that has been repeatedly tested or is widely accepted.

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a set of statements or principles devised to explain a group of facts or phenomena, especially one that has been repeatedly tested or is widely accepted.