# data[].attributes.body
I believe no one buka lagi padlet ni. It's been 4 years guys. I miss you all. Banyak yang aku rugi sebab tak dapat spend masa student enjoy dengan kawan2. Hopefully korang semua sihat2 saje.

# data[].attributes.body
rasa nak resign 😭😭

# data[].attributes.body
Weyy baik jadi student gini penat namampos keje hari hari rasa stress

# data[].attributes.body
Apa ni apa ni.. tak nak tak nak

# data[].attributes.body
semua okay ke kerja? jangan lupa cerita apa jadi setiap hari dekat atleast someone jadi tak ada la stress sangat okayyyy good luck semua yang bekerja mencari duit 🫶🏻

# data[].attributes.body
Jumpa crush baru kt tempat kerja hehehehe korang dah ada belum crush tempat kerja

# data[].attributes.body
Rasa mcm org dh tak buka diary ni tapi masih mahu menulis hehehehe
Dunia sekarang ni makin byk maksiat yg terang terangan dpn mata, yg beragama pon dh tak mampu nk menegur atau dia jugak sama sahaja berbuat maksiat dan menggunakan pelbagai alasan utk menghalalkan apa yg dilakukan tapi diri ini pon lebih kurang juga, hanya mampu membenci perbuatan maksiat itu menggunakan hati dimana selemah lemahnya iman, begitu lemahnya diri ini dlm memperjuangkan agama Allah, dgn pelbagai liku kehidupan yg makin meresahkan, masa hadapan yg dirisaukan dan pelbagai lagi ujian yg lain. Moga kita terus dpt berada dlm jln yg membawa kita ke syurga Allah nanti aminn.. dia mcm tak kena tajuk n description tapi tulaa benda ni yg asyik terngiang2 buat masa ni.. doakan saya mampu belajar lebih mendlm tntg islam hehe

# data[].attributes.body
Korang suka keje ward ke keje ccu. Kalau aku, aku suka dia, dh lah comel je senyum, pastu gelak sopan je. Tapi tulah, OT best gak.

# data[].attributes.body
Di sini jua memori tercipta. Hai genezens. I really am going to miss u guys a lots! 😭 It's been 4 years and now we're going to adulting phase. Countless memories with u guys and I'm going to embrace it ❤️ You guys are the best people ever exist in my life. Every laugh and every tears makes us even more stronger. Ya Allah, sebaknya nak berpisah 😭 Farewell is hard 🥲 All the best genezens in the future. Kahwin jangan lupa jemput. Jemput sebulan awal tau. Jangan senyap jee 😭 Spread love for everyone ❤️

# data[].attributes.body
While the client is in active labor with twins and the cervix is 5 cm dilated, the nurse observes contractions occurring at a rate of every 7 to 8 minutes in a 30-minute period. Which of the following would be the nurse’s most appropriate action?

A. Note the fetal heart rate patterns.

B. Notify the physician immediately.

C. Administer oxygen at 6 liters by mask.

D. Have the client pant-blow during the contractions.

# data[].attributes.body
Forty-eight hours after delivery, the nurse in charge plans discharge teaching for the client about infant care. By this time, the nurse expects that the phase of postpartum psychological adaptation that the client would be in would be termed which of the following?

A. Taking in

B. Letting go

C. Taking hold

D. Resolution

# data[].attributes.body
During a prenatal visit at 38 weeks, a nurse assesses the fetal heart rate. The nurse determines that the fetal heart rate is normal if which of the following is noted?

100 BPM

180 BPM

150 BPM

80 BPM

# data[].attributes.body
A nurse is monitoring a pregnant client with pregnancy induced hypertension who is at risk for Preeclampsia. The nurse checks the client for which specific signs of Preeclampsia (select all that apply)?

Increased respirations

Facial edema

Negative urinary protein

Elevated blood pressure

# data[].attributes.body
A client is receiving intravenous heparin therapy. The nurse ensures the availability of which of the following medication?

A. acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

B. calcium gluconate (Calcium gluconate)

C. vitamin K (Mephyton)

D. protamine sulfate (Protamine)

# data[].attributes.body
The therapeutic drug level for digoxin is:

A. 0.1-2.0 ng/mg

B. 1.0-2.0 ng/mg

C. 0.1-0.5 ng/mg

D. 0.5-2.0 ng/mg

# data[].attributes.body
Which of the following is a contraindication for digoxin administration?

A. Blood pressure of 140/90.

B. Heart rate above 80.

C. Heart rate below 60.

D. Respiratory rate above 20.

# data[].attributes.body
James Perez, a nurse on a geriatric floor, is administering a dose of digoxin to one of his patients. The woman asks why she takes a different pill than her niece, who also has heart trouble. James replies that as people get older, liver and kidney function decline, and if the dose is as high as her niece’s, the drug will tend to:

A. Have a shorter half-life.

B. Accumulate.

C. Have decreased distribution.

D. Have increased absorption.

# data[].attributes.body
A client with an acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis is admitted to the hospital for treatment. Which drug, used to treat clients with rheumatoid arthritis, has both an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effect?

A. Gold sodium thiomalate (Myochrysine)

B. Azathioprine (Imuran)

C. Prednisone (Deltasone)

D. Naproxen (Naprosyn)

# data[].attributes.body
While providing home care to a client with congestive heart failure, the nurse is asked how long diuretics must be taken. The best response to this client should be:

A. “As you urinate more, you will need less medication to control fluid.”

B. “You will have to take this medication for about a year.”

C. “The medication must be continued so the fluid problem is controlled.”

D. “Please talk to your physician about medications and treatments.”

# data[].attributes.body
Jom la main secret santa, macam haritu masa year 1 bagi card kat masing masing

# data[].attributes.body
Agak agak ada agd tak nanti, nak celebrate before grad hm :(

# data[].attributes.body
macam nak tahu orang tu bagi hint yang dia suka kat kita?

# data[].attributes.body
begin with a chat, become friends, and...

# data[].attributes.body
sometimes we never know the value of moment until it becomes a memory

# data[].attributes.body
What do you think about "hypochondriac patients" and how do you treat them? Give your perspective.

# data[].attributes.body
Who is the founder of the Transcultural Nursing Theory?

# data[].attributes.body
What do you understand about Transcultural Nursing Theory? Feel free to give your opinion.

# data[].attributes.body
If aku bukak restaurant, korang suggest menu apa?

# data[].attributes.body
Kalau ada hospital bukak, jom la kerja ramai ramai kat situ 👉🏻👈🏻

# data[].attributes.headline
Azam baru aku nk confess sebelum habis bulan 3

# data[].attributes.subject
Azam baru aku nk confess sebelum habis bulan 3

# data[].attributes.headline
Koramg ready eh... Aku nak kawen raya bulan 5...save the date 

# data[].attributes.subject
Koramg ready eh... Aku nak kawen raya bulan 5...save the date 

# data[].attributes.headline
W1- GENERL ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY REVISION

# data[].attributes.subject
W1- GENERL ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY REVISION

# data[].attributes.body
Lymphatic System Anatomy and Physiology - Nurseslabs

Muscular System Anatomy and Physiology - Nurseslabs

Endocrine System Anatomy and Physiology - Nurseslabs

Skeletal System Anatomy and Physiology - Nurseslabs

Nervous System Anatomy and Physiology - Nurseslabs

Nervous System Anatomy and Physiology - Nurseslabs

Digestive System Anatomy and Physiology - Nurseslabs

Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology: Study Guide for Nurses (nurseslabs.com)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
When we mentally list off the names of the body's organ systems, the lymphatic system is probably not the first to come to mind. Yet without this quietly working system, our cardiovascular system would stop working, and our immune system would be hopelessly impaired.
Functions of the Lymphatic System

The functions of the lymphatic system are:

1. Fluid balance. The lymphatic vessels transport back to the blood fluids that have escaped from the blood vascular system. About 30 liters (L) of fluid pass from the blood capillaries into the interstitial spaces each day, whereas only 27 L pass from the interstitial spaces back into the blood capillaries. If the extra 3 L of interstitial fluid remained in the interstitial spaces, edema would result, causing tissue damage and eventually death. The remaining fluid enters the lymphatic capillaries, where the fluid is called lymph.

2. Fat absorption. The lymphatic system absorbs fats and other substances from the digestive tract. Lacteals are special lymphatic vessels located in the lining of the small intestine. Fats enter the lacteals and pass through the lymphatic vessels to the venous circulation.

3. House of the body's defenses. The lymphoid tissues and organs house phagocytic cells and lymphocytes, which play essential roles in body defense and resistance to disease.

Anatomy of the Lymphatic System

The lymphatic system actually consists of two semi-independent parts: (1) a meandering network of lymphatic vessels and (2) various lymphoid tissues and organs scattered throughout the body.

The function of the lymphatic vessels is to form an elaborate drainage system that picks up excess tissue fluid, now called lymph.

Lymphatics. The lymphatic vessels, also called lymphatics, form a one-way system, and lymph flows only toward the heart.

Lymph capillaries. The microscopic, blind-ended lymph capillaries weave between the tissue cells and blood capillaries in the loose connective tissues of the body and absorb the leaked fluid.

Minivalves. The edges of the endothelial cells forming their walls loosely overlap one another, forming flaplike mini-valves that act as one-way swinging doors; the flaps, anchored by fine collagen fibers to surrounding structures, gape open when the fluid pressure is higher in the interstitial space, allowing fluid to enter the lymphatic capillary.

Lymphatic collecting vessels. Lymph is transported from the lymph capillaries through successively larger lymphatic vessels referred to as lymphatic collecting vessels, until it is finally returned to the venous system through one of the two large ducts in the thoracic region.

Right lymphatic duct. The right lymphatic duct drains the lymph from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax.

Thoracic duct. The large thoracic duct receives lymph from the rest of the body; both ducts empty the lymph into the subclavian vein on their own side of the body.

The lymph nodes in particular help protect the body by removing foreign material such as bacteria and tumor cells from the lymphatic stream and by producing lymphocytes that function in the immune response.

Macrophages. Within the lymph nodes are macrophages, which engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances in the lymph before it is returned to the blood.

Lymphocytes. Collections of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) are also strategically located in the lymph nodes and respond to foreign substances in the lymphatic stream.

Size and shape. Lymph nodes vary in size and shape, but most are kidney-shaped, less than 1 inch (approximately 2.5 cm) long, and "buried" in the connective tissue that surrounds them.

Trabeculae. Each node is surrounded by a fibrous capsule from which strands called trabeculae extend inward to divide the node into a number of compartments.

Plasma cells. These centers enlarge when specific lymphocytes (the B cells) are generating daughter cells called plasma cells, which release antibodies.

T cells. The rest of the cortical cells are lymphocytes "in transit", the so-called T cells that circulate continuously between the blood, lymph nodes and lymphatic stream, performing their surveillance role.

Medulla. Phagocytic macrophages are located in the central medulla of the lymph node.

Afferent lymphatic vessels. Lymph enters the convex side of a lymph node through the afferent lymphatic vessels.

Efferent lymphatic vessels. It then flows through a number of sinuses that cut through the lymph node and finally exits from the node at its indented region, the hilum, via the efferent lymphatic vessels.

Lymph nodes are just one of the many types of lymphoid organs in the body. Others are the spleen, thymus gland, tonsils, and Peyer's patches of the intestine, as well as bits of lymphoid tissue scattered in the epithelial and connective tissues.

The spleen is a soft, blood-rich organ that filters blood.

The thymus gland functions at peak levels only during youth.

Location. The thymus gland is a lymphoid mass found low in the throat overlying the heart.

Functions. The thymus gland produces thymosin and others, that function in the programming of certain lymphocytes so they can carry out their protective roles in the body.

The tonsils are small masses of lymphoid tissue that ring the pharynx (the throat), where they are found in the mucosa.

Function. Their job is to trap and remove any bacteria or other foreign pathogens entering the throat.

Tonsilitis. They carry out this function so efficiently that sometimes they become congested with bacteria and become red, swollen, and sore, a condition called tonsilitis.

Peyer's patches resemble the look of the tonsils.

Physiology of the Lymphatic System

Every second of the day, an army of hostile bacteria, viruses, and fungi swarms on our skin and invades our inner passageways- yet we stay amazingly healthy most of the time, thanks to our body defense, the lymphatic system.

The body's defenders against these tiny but mighty enemies are two systems, simply called the innate and the adaptive defense systems; together, they make up the immune system.

The innate defense system, also called the non-specific defense system, responds immediately to protect the body from all foreign substances, whatever they are.

Definition. The term innate or nonspecific body defense refers to the mechanical barriers that cover body surfaces and to the cells and chemicals that act on the initial battlefronts to protect the body from invading pathogens.

The body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganisms is the skin and mucous membranes.

Skin. As long as the skin is unbroken, its keratinized epidermis is a strong physical barrier to most microorganisms that swarm on the skin.

Mucous membranes. Intact mucous membranes provide similar mechanical barriers within the body; recall that mucous membranes line all body cavities open to the exterior: the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts.

Protective secretions. Besides serving as physical barriers, these membranes produce a variety of protective secretion: (1) the acidic pH of skin secretions (pH of 3-5) inhibits bacterial growth, and sebum contains chemicals that are toxic to bacteria; vaginal secretions of adult females are also very acidic; (2) the stomach mucosa secretes hydrochloric acid and protein-digesting enzymes, both kill pathogens; (3) Saliva and lacrimal fluid contain , an enzyme that destroys bacteria; and (4) sticky mucus traps many microorganisms that enter digestive and respiratory passageways.

Structural modifications. Mucus-coated hairs inside the nasal cavity trap inhaled particles, and the respiratory tract mucosa is ciliated; the cilia sweep dust- and bacteria-laden mucus superiorly toward the mouth, preventing it from entering the lungs.

Damage. Although surface barriers are quite effective, they are broken from time to time by small nicks and cuts resulting, for example from brushing the teeth or shaving, so microorganisms invade deeper tissues, and then the internal innate mechanisms come into play.

For its second line of defense, the body uses an enormous number of cells and chemicals to protect itself.

Phagocytes. Pathogens that make it through the mechanical barriers are confronted by phagocytes, such as a macrophage or neutrophil, engulfs a foreign particle much the way an amoeba ingests a food particle; flowing cytoplasmic extensions bind to the particle and then pull it inside, enclosing it in a vacuole; the vacuole is then fused with the enzymatic contents of a lysosome, and its contents are broken down, or digested.

Natural killer cells. Natural killer cells, which "police" the body in blood and lymph, are a unique group of lymphocytes that can lyse and kill cancer cells and virus-infected body cells well before the adaptive arm of the immune system is enlisted to fight; they act spontaneously against any such target by recognizing certain sugars on the "intruder's" surface as well as their lack of certain "self" cell surface molecules; they attack the target cell's membrane and release a lytic chemical called perforins.

Inflammatory response. The inflammatory response is a nonspecific response that is triggered whenever body tissues are injured; the four most common indicators of an acute inflammation are redness, heat, swelling, and .

Antimicrobial proteins. A variety of antimicrobial proteins enhances the innate defenses: (1) Complement is a group of plasma proteins that lyses microorganisms, enhances phagocytosis by opsonization, and intensifies inflammatory response; (2) Interferons are proteins released by virus-infected cells that protect uninfected tissue cells from viral takeover and mobilize immune system; (3) Urine has a normally acidic pH that inhibits bacterial growth, and cleanses the lower urinary tract as it flushes from the body.

Fever. Fever, or abnormally high body temperature, is a systemic response to invading microorganisms; normally the body's "thermostat" is set at approximately 37 degrees Celsius, but it can be reset upward in response to , chemicals secreted by white blood cells and macrophages exposed to foreign cells or substances in the body.

The inflammatory sequence of events are described below.

Body's reaction. The release of histamine, kinins, and other chemicals cause blood vessels in the involved area to dilate and capillaries to become leaky, activate pain receptors, and attract phagocytes and white blood cells to the area (chemotaxis).

Redness and heat. Dilatation of the blood vessels increases the blood flow to the area, accounting for the redness and heat observed.

Edema and pain. Increased permeability of the capillaries allows plasma to leak from the blood into the tissue spaces, causing local edema (swelling) that also activates pain receptors in the area.

Limitation of joint movement. If the swollen, painful area is a joint, its function may be impaired temporarily, which forces the injured part to rest, which aids healing.

Sometimes referred to as the body's third line of defense, the specific defense system is a functional system that recognizes foreign molecules (antigens) and acts to inactivate or destroy them.

Important aspects. There are three important aspects of the adaptive defense: (1) It is antigen-specific, it recognizes and acts against particular pathogens or foreign substances; (2) It is systemic, immunity is not restricted to the initial infection site; (3)It has "memory", it recognizes and mounts even stronger attacks on previously encountered pathogens.

Classifications. Humoral immunity, also called antibody-mediated immunity, is provided by antibodies present in the body's "humors", or fluids. while cellular immunity or cell-mediated immunity involves lymphocytes that defend the body, as the protective factor is living cells.

An antigen (Ag) is any substance capable of mobilizing our immune system and provoking an immune response.

Cells of the Adaptive Defense System: An Overview

The crucial cells of the adaptive system are lymphocytes and macrophages.

Lymphocytes exist in two major "flavors": the B lymphocytes, or B cells, and the T lymphocytes, or T cells.

B lymphocytes. The B lymphocytes, or B cells, produce antibodies and oversee humoral immunity.

T lymphocytes. The T lymphocytes, or T cells, are non-antibody-producing lymphocytes that constitute the cell-mediated arm of the adaptive defense system.

Origin. Like all blood cells, lymphocytes originate from hemocytoblasts in red bone marrow.

Immunocompetent. Whether a given lymphocyte matures into a B cell or T cell depends on where in the body it becomes immunocompetent, that is, capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it.

Maturation of T cells. T cells arise from lymphocytes that migrate to the thymus, where they undergo a maturation process of 2 to 3 days, directed by thymic hormones; only those maturing T cells with the sharpest ability to identify foreign antigens survive.

Self-tolerance. Lymphocytes capable of binding strongly with self-antigens (and of acting against body cells) are vigorously weeded out and destroyed; thus, the development of self-tolerance for the body's own cells is an essential part of a lymphocyte's "education".

Maturation of B cell. B cells develop immunocompetence in bone marrow, but less is known about the factors that regulate B cell maturation.

Migration. After they become immunocompetent, both T cells and B cells migrate to the lymph nodes and spleen (and loose connective tissues), where their encounters with antigens will occur.

Full maturation. Then, when the lymphocytes bind with recognized antigens, they complete their differentiation into fully mature T cells and B cells.

Macrophages, which also become largely distributed throughout the lymphoid organs and connective tissues, arise from monocytes, formed in the bone marrow.

Major role. A major role of macrophages in the innate defense system is to engulf foreign particles and rid them from the area; they also present fragments of those antigens, like signal flags, on their own surfaces, where they can be recognized by immunocompetent T cells.

Cytokines. Macrophages also secrete cytokines proteins that are important in the immune response.

Killer macrophages. Activated T cells, in turn, release chemicals that causes macrophages to become insatiable phagocytes, or killer macrophages.

Location. Macrophages tend to remain fixed in the lymphoid organs, but lymphocytes, especially T cells circulate continuously through the body.

An immunocompetent but as yet immature B lymphocyte is stimulated to complete its development, when antigens bind to its surface receptors.

Clonal selection. An immunocompetent but as yet immature B lymphocyte is stimulated to complete its development (into a fully mature B cell) when antigens bind to its surface receptors; this binding event sensitizes, or activates, the lymphocyte to "switch on", and undergo clonal selection.

Primary humoral response. The resulting family of identical cells descended from the same ancestor cell is called a clone, and clone formation is the primary humoral response to that antigen.

Plasma cells. Most of the B cell clone members, or descendants, become plasma cells.

Antibody production. After an initial lag period, these antibody-producing "factories" swing into action, producing the same highly specific antibodies at an unbelievable rate of about 2000 antibody molecules per second.

Life span. This flurry of activity lasts only 4 to 5 days, then the plasma cells begin to die; antibody levels in the blood during this primary response peak about 10 days after the response begins and then slowly decline.

There are two kinds of humoral immunity: active and passive humoral immunity.

Vaccines. We receive two benefits from vaccines: (1) they spare us most of the signs and symptoms of the disease that would otherwise occur during the primary response and (2) the weakened antigens are still able to stimulate antibody production and promote immunological memory.

Booster shots. So-called booster shots, which may intensify the immune response at later meetings with the same antigen, are also available.

Passive immunity. In passive immunity, the antibodies are obtained from the serum of an immune human or animal donor; as a result, the B cells are not challenged by the antigen, immunological memory does not occur, and the temporary protection provided by the "borrowed antibodies" ends when they naturally degrade in the body.

Natural passive immunity. Passive immunity is conferred naturally on a fetus when the mother's antibodies cross the placenta and enter fetal circulation, and after birth during breastfeeding.

Artificial passive immunity. Passive immunity is artificially conferred when one receives immune serum or gamma globulin.

Monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies prepared commercially for use in research are produced by descendants of a single cell and are pure antibody preparations that exhibit specificity for one, and only one, antigen.

Antibodies, also referred to as immunoglobulins, or Igs, constitute the gamma globulin part of blood proteins.

Antibodies. Antibodies are soluble proteins secreted by activated B cells or by their plasma-cell offspring in response to an antigen and they are capable of binding specifically with that antigen.

Heavy chains. Two of the four chains are identical and contain approximately 400 amino acids each.

Light chains. The two other chains, the light chains, are also identical to each other but are only about half as long as the heavy chains.

Antibody classes. There are five major immunogloblin classes- IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, and IgE.

IgD. IgD is virtually always attached to B cell and is believed to be the cell surface receptor of immunocompetent B cell; and it is also important in activation of B cell.

IgM. IgM is attached to B cell and free in plasma; when it is bound to the B cell membrane, it serves as an antigen receptor; first Ig class released to plasma by plasma cells during primary response; it is also a potent agglutinating agent and fixes complement.

IgG. IgG is the most abundant antibody in plasma, representing 75% to 85% of circulating antibodies; it is the main antibody of both primary and secondary responses; crosses the placenta and provides passive immunity to fetus; fixes complement.

IgA. Some are found in plasma; dimer in secretions such as saliva, tears, intestinal juice, and milk; it bathes and protects mucosal surfaces from attachment of pathogens.

IgE. It is secreted by plasma cells in skin, mucosae of gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, and tonsils; it binds to mast cells and basophils and triggers release of histamine and other chemicals that mediate inflammation and certain allergic responses.

Antibody function. Antibodies inactivate antigens in a number of ways- by complement fixation, neutralization, agglutination, and precipitation.

Complement fixation. Complement is the chief antibody ammunition used against cellular antigens, and it is fixed (activated) during innate defenses; it is also activated very efficiently when it binds to antibodies attached to cellular targets.

Neutralization. Neutralization occurs when antibodies bind to specific sites on bacterial exotoxins (toxic chemicals secreted by bacteria) or on viruses that can cause cellular injury; in this way they block the harmful effects of the exotoxin or virus.

Agglutination. When the cross-linking involves cell-bound antigens, the process causes clumping of the foreign cells, a process called agglutination; this type of antigen-antibody reaction occurs when mismatched blood is transfused and is the basis of tests used for blood typing.

Precipitation. When the cross-linking involves soluble antigenic molecules, the resulting antigen-antibody complexes are so large that they become insoluble and settle out of solution; this cross-linking reaction is more precisely called precipitation.

Like B cells, immunocompetent T cells are activated to form a clone by binding with a "recognized" antigen; however, T cells are not able to bind with free antigens.

Antigen presentation. Apparently, T cell must recognize "nonself", the antigen fragment presented by the macrophage, and also "self" by coupling with a specific glycoprotein on the macrophage's surface at the same time; antigen binding alone is not enough to sensitize T cells; they must be "spoon-fed" the antigens by macrophages, and something like a "double handshake" must occur; this is called antigen presentation and is essential for activation and clonal selection of the T cells.

Helper T cells. Helper T cells are the T cells that act as the "directors" or "managers" of the immune system; once activated, they circulate through the body, recruiting other cells to fight the invaders; the helper T cells also release a variety of cytokine chemicals that act indirectly to rid the body of antigens by (1) stimulating cytotoxic T cells and B cells to grow and divide; (2) attracting other types of protective white blood cells, such as neutrophils, into the area; and (3) enhancing the ability of macrophages to engulf and destroy microorganisms.

Regulatory T cells. Another t cell population, the regulatory T cells, formerly called suppressor T cells, releases chemicals that suppress the activity of both T and B cells; regulatory T cells are vital for winding down and finally stopping the immune response after an antigen has been successfully inactivated or destroyed.

Memory cells. Most of the T cells enlisted to fight in a particular immune response are dead within a few days; however, a few members of each clone are long-lived memory cells that remain behind to provide immunological memory for each antigen encountered and enable the body to respond quickly to subsequent invasions.

The process of differentiation and activation of lymphocytes include the following:

Practice Quiz: Lymphatic System Anatomy and Physiology

Here's a 10-item quiz about the study guide. Please visit our nursing test bank page for more NCLEX practice questions.

Option D: Basophils, which are derived from red bone marrow, are motile white blood cells that can leave the blood and enter infected tissues. Mast cells, which are also derived from red bone marrow, are nonmotile cells in connective tissue, especially near capillaries. Both promote inflammation.

Option B: Eosinophils are produced in red bone marrow, enter the blood, and within a few minutes enter tissues. Eosinophils inhibit inflammation.

Option A: In innate immunity, the immunity to a substance is produced only after exposure to that substance and each time the body is exposed to a particular substance, the response is the same. For example, each time a bacterial cell is introduced into the body, it is phagocytized with the same speed and efficiency. In adaptive immunity, the response to them improves each time the foreign substance is encountered. The response during the second exposure is faster and stronger than the response to the first exposure because the immune system exhibits memory for the bacteria from the first exposure.

Option C: Innate immunity is accomplished by mechanical mechanisms, chemical mediators, cells, and the inflammatory response.
1. Promotes inflammation: 1. Answer: D. A and C

Option B: Complement is a group of approximately 20 proteins found in plasma.

Option A: Interferons are proteins that protect the body against viral infections.

Option C: Prostaglandins are potent lipid molecules that affect key aspects of immunity.

Option D: Natural killer (NK) cells are type of lymphocyte produced in red bone marrow, and they count for up to 15% of lymphocytes.

2. In innate immunity: 2. Answer: A. the immunity to a substance is produced only after exposure to that substance and each time the body is exposed to a particular substance, the response is the same. 3. Innate immunity includes all of these EXCEPT: 3. Answer: C. antibody production

Option D: Antibodies are called gamma globulins because they are found mostly in the gamma globulin part of plasma. They are also called immunoglobulins (Ig).

Option A: The rest of the antibody is the constant region, which can activate complement or attach to macrophages.

Option B: The end of each "arm" of the antibody is the variable region, which is the part of the antibody that combines with antigen.

Option C: Antibodies make up a large portion of the proteins in plasma.

4. Is a group of approximately 20 proteins found in plasma responsible for inflammation, phagocytosis, and cell lysis: 4. Answer: B. complement

Option C: Cytotoxic T cells are responsible for cell mediated immunity.

Option A: B cells are responsible for antibody mediated immunity.

Option B: Memory B cells are B cells responsible for secondary response.

Option D: Helper T cell is a special type of T cell that helps the activity of other immune cells by releasing T cell cytokines.

5. Which of the following is TRUE about B cells? 5. Answer: A. are lymphocytes

Option A: IgA is the main immunoglobulin found in mucous secretions, including tears, saliva, sweat, colostrum and secretions from the genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, prostate and respiratory epithelium. It is also found in small amounts in blood

Option B: IgE is a type of antibody or immunoglobulin (Ig) "isotype") that has only been found in mammals. Its main function is immunity to parasites such as helminths like Schistosoma mansoni, Trichinella spiralis, and Fasciola hepatica.

Option C: IgG is the most common type of antibody found in the circulation. Along with IgA secreted in the breast milk, residual IgG absorbed through the placenta provides the neonate with humoral immunity before its own immune system develops.

Option D: IgM activates complement and acts as an antigen-binding receptor on the surface of B cells; responsible for transfusion reactions in the ABO blood system; often the first antibody produced in response to an antigen.

6. Which of the following is TRUE about Antibody molecules? 6. Answer: D. are called gamma globulins or immunoglobulins

Option A: Active Natural Immunity results from the natural exposure to a disease that prompted the body to produce antibodies.

Option C: Passive Natural Immunity results from the passage of antibodies from the mother to the fetus.

7. Responsible for cell mediated immunity: 7. Answer: C. Cytotoxic T cells

Option D: Passive Artificial Immunity results from the introduction of an antiserum/immunoglobulins.

Option B: Active Artificial Immunity results from the introduction of live attenuated vaccine through injection.

8. The antibody that is rich in saliva, tears, colostrums:
See Also
8. Answer: A. IgA
Other anatomy and physiology study guides:

Further Reading
9. Results from the natural exposure to a disease that prompted the body to produce antibodies:

1. Nursing Diagnosis Handbook: An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning Care

2. Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems

3. Medical-Surgical Nursing: Patient-Centered Collaborative Care

4. Saunders Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RN Examination

5. Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing

9. Answer: A. Active Natural Immunity 10. Results from the introduction of an antiserum/immunoglobulins: 10. Answer: D. Passive Artificial Immunity

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Lymphatic System Anatomy and Physiology: Study Guide for Nurses

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
When we mentally list off the names of the body's organ systems, the lymphatic system is probably not the first to come to mind. Yet without this quietly working system, our cardiovascular system would stop working, and our immune system would be hopelessly impaired. The functions of the lymphatic system are: Fluid balance.

# data[].attributes.body
https://nurseslabs.com/blood-anatomy-physiology/#practice_quiz_blood_anatomy_and_physiology

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Blood is the "river of life" that surges within us. It transports everything that must be carried from one place to another within the body- nutrients, wastes (headed for elimination from the body) and body heat through blood vessels. Long before modern medicine, blood was viewed as magical, because when it drained from the body, life departed as well.
Blood is unique; it is the only fluid tissue in the body.

1. Carrier of gases, nutrients, and waste products. Oxygen enters blood in the lungs and is transported to cells. Carbon dioxide, produced by cells, is transported in the blood to the lungs, from which it is expelled. Ingested nutrients, ions, and water are carried by the blood from the digestive tract to cells, and the waste products of the cells are moved to the kidneys for elimination.
2. Clot formation. Clotting proteins help stem blood loss when a blood vessel is injured.
3. Transport of processed molecules. Most substances are produced in one part of the body and transported in the blood to another part.
4. Protection against foreign substances. Antibodies help protect the body from pathogens.
5. Transport of regulatory molecules. Various hormones and enzymes that regulate body processes are carried from one part of the body to another within the blood.
6. Maintenance of body temperature. Warm blood is transported from the inside to the surface of the body, where heat is released from the blood.
7. pH and osmosis regulation. Albumin is also an important blood buffer and contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood, which acts to keep water in the blood stream.

Essentially, blood is a complex connective tissue in which living blood cells, the formed elements, are suspended.

Blood is a sticky, opaque fluid with a characteristic metallic taste.

Color. Depending on the amount of oxygen it is carrying, the color of blood varies from scarlet (oxygen-rich) to a dull red (oxygen-poor).

Weight. Blood is heavier than water and about five times thicker, or more viscous, largely because of its formed elements.

pH. Blood is slightly alkaline, with a pH between 7.35 and 7.45.

Temperature. Its temperature (38 degrees Celsius, or 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit) is always slightly higher than body temperature.

Plasma, which is approximately 90 percent water, is the liquid part of the blood.

Dissolved substances. Examples of dissolved substances include nutrients, salts (electrolytes), respiratory gases, hormones, plasma proteins, and various wastes and products of cell metabolism.

Plasma proteins. Plasma proteins are the most abundant solutes in plasma; except for antibodies and protein-based hormones, most plasma proteins are made by the liver.

Composition. The composition of plasma varies continuously as cells remove or add substances to the blood; assuming a healthy diet, however, the composition of plasma is kept relatively constant by various homeostatic mechanisms of the body.

If you observe a stained smear of human blood under a light microscope, you will see disc-shaped red blood cells, a variety of gaudily stained spherical white blood cells, and some scattered platelets that look like debris.

Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, function primarily to ferry oxygen in blood to all cells of the body.

Anucleate. RBCs differ from other blood cells because they are anucleate, that is, they lack a nucleus; they also contain a very few organelles.

Hemoglobin. Hemoglobin, an iron bearing protein, transports the bulk of oxygen that is carried in the blood.

Microscopic appearance. Erythrocytes are small, flexible cells shaped like biconcave discs- flattened discs with depressed centers on both sides; they look like miniature doughnuts when viewed with a microscope.

Number of RBCs. There are normally about 5 million cells per cubic millimeter of blood; RBCs outnumber WBCs by about 1000 to 1 and are the major factor contributing to blood viscosity.

Normal blood. Clinically, normal blood contains 12-18 grams of hemoglobin per 100 milliliters (ml); the hemoglobin content is slightly higher in men (13-18 g/dl) than in women (12-16 g/dl).

Although leukocytes, or white blood cells, are far less numerous than red blood cells, they are crucial to body defense against disease.

Number of WBCs. On average, there are 4,000 to 11,000 WBC/mm3 , and they account for less than 1 percent of total body volume.

Body defense. Leukocytes form a protective, movable army that helps defend the body against damage by bacteria, viruses, parasites, and tumor cells.

Diapedesis. White blood cells are able to slip into and out of the blood vessels- a process called diapedesis.

Positive chemotaxis. In addition, WBCs can locate areas of tissue damage and infection in the body by responding to certain chemicals that diffuse from the damaged cells; this capability is called positive chemotaxis.

Ameboid motion. Once they have "caught the scent", the WBCs move through the tissue spaces by ameboid motion (they form flowing cytoplasmic extensions that help move them along).

Leukocytosis. A total WBC count above 11, 000 cells/mm3 is referred to as leukocytosis.

Leukopenia. The opposite condition, leukopenia, is an abnormally low WBC count.

Granulocytes. Granulocytes are granule-containing WBCs; they have lobed nuclei, which typically consist of several rounded nuclear areas connected by thin strands of nuclear material, and includes neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

Neutrophils. Neutrophil are the most numerous of the WBCs; they have a multilobed granules and very fine granules that respond to acidic and basic stains; neutrophils are avid phagocytes at sites of acute infection, and are particularly partial to bacteria and fungi.

Eosinophils. Eosinophils have blue red nucleus that resembles an old-fashioned telephone receiver and sport coarse, lysosome-like, brick-red cytoplasmic granules; their number increases rapidly during allergies and infections by parasitic worms or entering via the skin.

Basophils. Basophils, the rarest of the WBCs, contain large, histamine-containing granules that stain dark blue; histamine is an inflammatory chemical that makes blood vessels leaky and attracts other WBCs to the inflammatory site.

Agranulocytes. The second group of WBCs, the agranulocytes, lack visible cytoplasmic granules; their nuclei are closer to the norm- that is, they are spherical; they are spherical, oval, or kidney-shaped; and they include lymphocytes and monocytes.

Lymphocytes. Lymphocytes have a large, dark purple nucleus that occupies most of the cell volume; they tend to take up residence in lymphatic tissues, where they play an important role in the immune response.

Monocytes. Monocytes are the largest of the WBCs; when they migrate into the tissues, they transform into macrophages with huge appetites; macrophages are very important in fighting chronic infections.

Platelets. Platelets are not cells in the strict sense; they are fragments of bizarre multinucleate cells called megakaryocytes, which pinch off thousands of anucleate platelet "pieces" that quickly seal themselves off from surrounding fluids; platelets are needed for the clotting process that occurs in plasma when blood vessels are ruptured or broken.

Blood cell formation, or hematopoiesis, occurs in red bone marrow, or myeloid tissue.

Hemocytoblast. All the formed elements arise from a common type of stem cell, the hemocytoblast.

Descendants of hemocytoblasts. The hemocytoblast forms two types of descendants- the lymphoid stem cell, which produces lymphocytes, and the myeloid stem cell, which can produce all other classes of formed elements.

Because they are anucleate, RBCs are unable to synthesize proteins, grow, or divide.

Life span. As they age, RBCs become more rigid and begin to fragment, or fall apart, in 100 to 120 days.

Lost RBCs. Lost cells are replaced more or less continuously by the division of hemocytoblasts in the red bone marrow.

Immature RBCs. Developing RBCs divide many times and then begin synthesizing huge amounts of hemoglobin.

Reticulocyte. Suddenly, when enough hemoglobin has been accumulated, the nucleus and most organelles are ejected and the cell collapses inward; the result is the young RBC, called a reticulocyte because it still contains some rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

Mature erythrocytes. Within 2 days of release, they have rejected the remaining ER and have become fully functioning erythrocytes; the entire developmental process from hemocytoblast to mature RBC takes 3 to 5 days.

Erythropoietin. The rate of erythrocyte production is controlled by a hormone called erythropoietin; normally a small amount of erythropoietin circulates in the blood at all times, and red blood cells are formed at a fairly constant rate.

Control of RBC production. An important point to remember is that it is not the relative number of RBCS in the blood that controls RBC production; control is based on their ability to transport enough oxygen to meet the body's demands.

Like erythrocyte production, the formation of leukocytes and platelets is stimulated by hormones.

Colony stimulating factors and interleukins. These colony stimulating factors and interleukins not only prompt red bone marrow to turn out leukocytes, but also marshal up an army of WBCs to ward off attacks by enhancing the ability of mature leukocytes to protect the body.

Thrombopoietin. The hormone thrombopoietin accelerates the production of platelets, but little is known about how that process is regulated.

The multistep process of hemostasis begins when a blood vessel is damaged and connective tissue in the vessel wall is exposed to blood.

Vascular spasms occur. The immediate response to blood vessel injury is vasoconstriction, which causes that blood vessel to go into spasms; the spasms narrow the blood vessel, decreasing blood loss until clotting can occur.

Platelet plug forms. Injury to the lining of vessels exposes collage fibers; platelets adhere to the damaged site and platelet plug forms.

Coagulation events occur. At the same time, the injured tissues are releasing tissue factor (TF), a substance that plays an important role in clotting; PF3, a phospholipid that coats the surfaces of the platelets, interacts with TF, vitamin K, and other blood clotting factors; this prothrombin activator converts prothrombin, present in the plasma, to thrombin, an enzyme; thrombin then joins soluble fibrinogen proteins into long, hairlike molecules of insoluble fibrin, which forms the meshwork that traps RBCs and forms the basis of the clot; within the hour, the clot begins to retract, squeezing serum from the mass and pulling the ruptured edges of the blood vessel closer together.

As we have seen, blood is vital for transporting substances through the body; when blood is lost, the blood vessels constrict and the bone marrow steps up blood cell formation in an attempt to keep the circulation going.

Although whole blood transfusions can save lives, people have different blood groups, and transfusing incompatible or mismatched blood can be fatal.

Antigen. An antigen is a substance that the body recognizes as foreign; it stimulates the immune system to release antibodies or use other means to mount a defense against it.

Antibodies. One person's RBC proteins will be recognized as foreign if transfused into another person with different RBC antigens; the "recognizers" are antibodies present in the plasma that attach to RBCs bearing surface antigens different from those on the patient's (blood recipient's) RBCs.

Agglutination. Binding of the antibodies causes the foreign RBCs to clump, a phenomenon called agglutination, which leads to the clogging of small blood vessels throughout the body.

ABO blood groups. The ABO blood groups are based on which of two antigens, type A or type B, a person inherits; absence of both antigens results in type O blood, presence of both antigens leads to type AB, and the presence of either A or B antigen yields type A or B blood.

Rh blood groups. The Rh blood groups are so named because one of the eight Rh antigens (agglutinogen D) was originally identified in Rhesus monkeys; later the same antigen was discovered in human beings; most Americans are Rh+ (Rh positive), meaning that their RBCs carry the Rh antigen.

Anti-Rh antibodies. Unlike the antibodies of the ABO system, anti-Rh antibodies are not automatically formed and present in the blood of Rh- (Rh-negative) individuals.

Hemolysis. Hemolysis (rupture of RBCs) does not occur with the first transfusion because it takes time for the body to react and start making antibodies.

The importance of determining the blood group of both the donor and the recipient before blood is transfused is glaringly obvious.

Blood typing of ABO blood groups. When serum containing anti-A or anti-B antibodies is added to a blood sample diluted with saline, agglutination will occur between the antibody and the corresponding antigen.

Cross matching. Cross matching involves testing for agglutination of donor RBCs by the recipient's serum and of the recipient's RBCs by the donor serum;

Blood typing for Rh factors. Typing for the Rh factors is done in the same manner as ABO blood typing.

Here's a 10-item quiz about the study guide. Please visit our nursing test bank page for more NCLEX practice questions.

A. 7.30-7.40
B. 7.35-7.45
C. 7.20-7.30
D. 7.45-7.55

Option B: The normal blood pH is tightly regulated between 7.35 and 7.45.
1. What is the normal pH of the blood?

Option E: Plasma is a pale yellow fluid that consists of about 91% water; 7% proteins; and 2% other substances, such as ions, nutrients, gases, and waste products.
1. Answer: B. 7.35-7.45 2. The major component of plasma is:

Option D: About 95% of the volume of the formed elements consists of red blood cells (RBCs), or erythrocytes. The remaining 5% of the volume of the formed elements consists of white blood cells (WBCs), or leukocytes, and cell fragments called platelets, or thrombocytes.
2. Answer: E. Water
A. a serious medical condition that most commonly results from maternal-fetal blood type (Rh factor) incompatibility
B. an abnormally high absorption of iron by the intestinal tract, resulting in excessive storage of iron, particularly in the liver, skin, pancreas, heart, joints, and testes
C. the process of blood cell production or the formation of blood cellular components
D. the presence of megakaryocytes in the blood or of excessive numbers in the bone marrow
E. a disorder in which the body produces too many platelets (thrombocytes), which play an important role in blood clotting
3. The most common formed elements in the blood are: 3. Answer: D. Erythrocytes (red blood cells)

Option C: Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell production or the formation of blood cellular components.

Option A: Erythroblastosis fetalis is a serious medical condition that most commonly results from maternal-fetal blood type (Rh factor) incompatibility.

Option B: Hemochromatosis is an inherited disorder characterized by abnormally high absorption of iron by the intestinal tract, resulting in excessive storage of iron, particularly in the liver, skin, pancreas, heart, joints, and testes.

Option D: Megakaryocytosis is the presence of megakaryocytes in the blood or of excessive numbers in the bone marrow.

Option E: Thrombocytosis is a disorder in which the body produces too many platelets (thrombocytes), which play an important role in blood clotting.

4. Hematopoiesis is:

Option C: Hemoglobin is the protein that makes blood red. It is composed of four protein chains, two alpha chains and two beta chains, each with a ring-like heme group containing an iron atom.
4. Answer: C. the process of blood cell production or the formation of blood cellular components 5. Each hemoglobin molecule:

Option D: Red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes are biconcave disks; no nucleus; contain hemoglobin, which color the cells red; 6.5-8.5 μm in diameter.
5. Answer: C. consists of 4 protein chains and 4 heme groups. 6. Erythrocytes:

Option C: Basophil releases histamine, which promotes inflammation, and heparin, which prevents clot formation.

Option A: Monocyte is a phagocytic cell in blood; leaves the blood and becomes a macrophage, which phagocytizes bacteria, dead cells, cell fragments, and other debris within tissues.

Option B: Lymphocyte produces antibodies and other chemicals responsible for destroying microorganisms; contributes to allergic reactions, graft rejection, tumor control, and regulation of the immune system.

Option D: Eosinophil releases chemicals that reduce inflammation; attacks certain worm parasites.

Option E: Neutrophil phagocytize microorganisms and other foreign substances.

6. Answer: D. contain large quantities of hemoglobin. 7. Which of these leukocytes is NOT correctly matched with its function or description?

Option C. Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils are categorized as granulocytes.

Option D: Agranulocytes, also known as mononuclear leukocytes, are white blood cells with a one-lobed nucleus. Lymphocytes and monocytes are considered agranulocytes.

7. Answer: C. Basophils - synthesize or produce antibodies 8. Granulocytes are so called because these cells have granules of enzymes which help to digest the invading microbes. Granulocytes account for about 60% of our white blood cells. The white blood cells called granulocytes are:

Option D: Heparin acts as an anticoagulant, preventing the formation of clots and extension of existing clots within the blood. It is contraindicated in those with risk of bleeding (especially in people with uncontrolled blood pressure, liver disease, and stroke), severe liver disease, or severe hypertension.
8. Answer: C. neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils. 9. Which of the following does not help to prevent blood loss?

Option E: After a clot has formed, it begins to condense into a more compact structure by a process known as clot retraction. Retraction of the clot pulls the edges of the damaged blood vessel together, helping to stop the flow of blood, reducing the probability of infection, and enhancing healing. The damaged vessel is repaired by the movement of fibroblasts into the damaged area and the formation of new connective tissue. In addition, epithelial cells around the wound divide and fill in the torn area. Clots are dissolved by a process called fibrinolysis.
9. Answer: D. Release of heparin
Other anatomy and physiology study guides:

1. Nursing Diagnosis Handbook: An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning Care

2. Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems

3. Medical-Surgical Nursing: Patient-Centered Collaborative Care

4. Saunders Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RN Examination

5. Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing

10. The healing process after clot formation involves: 10. Answer: E. All of these

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Blood Anatomy and Physiology: Study Guide for Nurses

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Blood is the "river of life" that surges within us. It transports everything that must be carried from one place to another within the body- nutrients, wastes (headed for elimination from the body) and body heat through blood vessels. Long before modern medicine, blood was viewed as magical, because when it drained from the body, life departed as well.

# data[].attributes.body
jalan terus

# data[].attributes.body
goodluck proposal defence kawan2! 🥳

# data[].attributes.body
Takda benda pon, cuma nak wish may this year brings out the best of you guys. Kita ada perjalanan yg masih pnjang dkt depan. Semoga dipermudahkan segala urusan gaisss

# data[].attributes.body
jangan lupakan each other, tahun ni mungkin semua orang meningkat usia pengalaman dan juga mula bekerja… semoga semua sentiasa dibawah jagaan Allah

# data[].attributes.body
Kita ada setengah tahun je lagi bersama Genezens 🥲 semoga kita dapat manfaatkan baik2 masa kita bersama❤️ Sayang korang ❤️❤️❤️

# data[].attributes.body
Korang nak kerja mana and deparment mana? share sikit. kalau taknak kerja as a nurse, apa plan korang?

# data[].attributes.body
Pagi datang agar manusia tahu bahawa mereka berhak memiliki kesempatan baru

# data[].attributes.body
Dah start packing ke gais?

# data[].attributes.body
korang dah ready ke nak start new sem

# data[].attributes.headline
Selamat menjalani final year dgn bahagia 🔥

# data[].attributes.subject
Selamat menjalani final year dgn bahagia 🔥

# data[].attributes.body
“Nak konvo, nak agd seperti covid tidak pernah wujud" — 🥔

# data[].attributes.headline
SAYA NAK MAKAN ROTI BAKAR, TAPI BAKAR TAKDE ROTI.

# data[].attributes.subject
SAYA NAK MAKAN ROTI BAKAR, TAPI BAKAR TAKDE ROTI.

# data[].attributes.body
Apa pandangan korg dgn tarikh balik kita ni?
Patut balik 17/10 ke 15/11?

# data[].attributes.body
siapa yang sudah buat draft atau fikir topic fyp mari la share dekat sini

# data[].attributes.body
Movie/series yg korang suka gila sbb best gila pd korang!
(Definition best gila : watched > 5 times)

# data[].attributes.body
Tak mudah ya nak berdamai dengan masa lalu, nak maafkan diri sendiri haha

# data[].attributes.body
Kalau ditakdirkan korang ada kuasa, kuasa apa yg korang nak? Dan kenapa?
Cth: nak baca fikiran org sbb nak intai otak crush... Contoh aje...

# data[].attributes.headline
Harap kita kawan sampai selamanya ke laut dalam. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Harap kita kawan sampai selamanya ke laut dalam. 

# data[].attributes.headline
Assalamualaikum, buat apa tu? Dah mandi ke belum.?

# data[].attributes.subject
Assalamualaikum, buat apa tu? Dah mandi ke belum.?

# data[].attributes.body
Belum

Belum?

Patutlah.

# data[].attributes.body
Agak-agak balik uia bila? Ha marii kita tengok siapa betulll

Me: 1/10

p/s: yg betul jgn tuntut hadiah sudah ah😂

# data[].attributes.body
Some motivational quotes perhaps 🍂

# data[].attributes.headline
Telling me u are single without telling me u are single

# data[].attributes.subject
Telling me u are single without telling me u are single

# data[].attributes.body
Dean list start at pointer 3.6 ke?

# data[].attributes.body
Bros GZ dgn bros Xavier ni, kalau orang lain tengok mesti ingat bros Xavier lagi senior daripada bros GZ ni 😂😂😂

# data[].attributes.body
InsyaAllah sy menikah hujung tahun ni, harap dapat jemput smua 😊

# data[].attributes.body
kalau nak cari jodoh dekat sini boleh jumpa tak

# data[].attributes.body
Suggest lagu best2 pls hehe

Thanks in advance!

# data[].attributes.body
nak tengok movie dah tak selera. makan pun tak tahu nak makan apa. nak buat apa pun tak tahu nak buat apa. ig bosan twitter bosan tiktok bosan. we just need human interaction irl! 😫😫

# data[].attributes.body
Before my degree ends, I hope that I'll be able to...

feel free to tell what are you hoping for before it ends :)

# data[].attributes.body
Sila sambung..

# data[].attributes.body
bila mau keluar?

# data[].attributes.body
apa korang masak kat rumahh tuu? 😋

# data[].attributes.body
hye semua sihat?

# data[].attributes.body
Oh My Goreng🍟🍗
🏣Location @cafe muk

Our menu today
🍗 Ayam gunting
🍗 Ayam seringgit cucuk
🍗 Ayam seringgit
🥔 Potato spring
🥔🧀 Potato wedges/cheesy
🍟 Fries

P/s: 0.50sen for additional cheese 🧀🧀

♨️ NOW AVAILABLE♨️
DELIVERY EVERY HOUR

🛵12pm-6pm

Place your order here👇🏻
https://linktr.ee/tehaiscincaukaw_iiumk

Buy. Drink. KAW!
Cuba Sekali Pasti Nak Lagi

# data[].attributes.body
This is our official Genezens padlet. Feel free to upload anything ᕙ(⇀‸↼‶)ᕗ