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Odysseus is considered an epic hero because of his bravery, honor and leadership. He showed bravery because he siad "'untie me!' to the crew, jerking my brows; but they bent steady to the oars." This shows that he is brave because he actually had faith in his men this time and was brave enough to listen to the song. He showed honor by "Salt tears rose from the wells of longing in both men..."(Homer lines 1061-1062). This shows that odysseus was honored by his son to see him again and that he is still alive and on the gods good side. Odysseus showed leadership because he"weathered many bitter nights and days in his deep heart at sea, while he fought only to save his life, to bring his shipmates home"(Homer lines 7-9). This shows that he was brave because he powered through even though he could not save them, but he does know it was by their actions that killed themselves.

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Eumaeus was an ally to Odysseus.  He also helped kill the suitors. "I’ll give outfits to Eumaeus and this cowherd" (Homer lines 1508-1509).

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Telemachus helped Odysseus by running "...into the room where the spears and the armor lay" (Homer lines 1514-1515) to help kill the suitors who were in Odysseus' house.

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Odysseus crossed the threshold when he went into the land of the dead. He saw his mother and Tiresias there who told him about what's to come. They said his journey would be hard and he would lose all his men. "I see destruction for ship and crew"(Homer lines 645-646).

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Calypso held Odysseus on her island for 10 years before he was able to return to his home to Ithaca. "Calypso lives and sings there, in her beauty, she received me, loved me" (Homer lines 992-993).

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Next, Odysseus and his men went to Scylla instead of Charybdis. He chose this because he wanted to lose the least amount of men possible. He showed intelligence because he "...sent them on toward Scylla" (Homer line 783) instead of Charybdis, because Charybdis would swallow the ship whole.

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Odysseus resisted the Sirens. His men tied him up and didn't untie him when he heard the song. I tried to say "'Untie me!' to the crew, jerking my brows; but they bent steady to the oars" (Homer lines 746-748). Helios helps out odysseus by "...beeswax into bits and rolled them in my hands untill they sofened-no long task, for a burning heat came down from Helios"(Homer lines 708-711).

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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Odysseus, and his men, was trapped on Circe's island for a year before getting released. Circe "...transforms half of the men into swine" (Homer 576).

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Odysseus and his men sailed to the land of the Laestrygonians. They were a race of cannibals. "These creatures destroy all of Odysseus' ships except the one he is sailing in" (Homer 576).

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Odysseus and his men sailed to Aeolia. Aeolus, the god of the winds, lived there and decided to help out Odysseus and his men. He gave a sack of winds to Odysseus, his men opened the sack and went back to Aeolia where "Aeolus casts them out, having decided that they are detested by the gods" (Homer 576).

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Odysseus and his men went on to a land where Cyclopes lived. The Cyclops, Polyphemus, trapped and ate his men. "He dismembered them and made his meal" (Homer line 236). Athena helped Odysseus by "The rams as well, this time, entered the cave: by some sheepherding whim- or a god's bidding..."(Homer lines 286-288). Athena made the sheep go in the cave so odysseus and his men could escape.

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Odysseus and his men were at sea when a dangerous storm hit. The storm continued for nine days. On the 10th day they came upon the Lotus-Eaters. Odysseus told his men to not eat the "Lotus, or you lose your hope of home" (Homer Line 105), but some men ate it anyway. Odysseus showed intelligence by sending out "...two picked men and a runner to learn what race of men that land sustained" (Homer lines 92-93).

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In the Battle of the Cicones, Odysseus and his men killed the Cicones and enslaved the women. He told his men to get back to the ships but his men didn't listen. Reinforcements came and "Six benches were left empty in every ship" (Homer Line 63).

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Tiresias, another one of Odysseus' mentors, told him his future and to "Avoid those kine, hold fast to your intent" (Homer line 643).

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Circe was also one of Odysseus' mentors. "Circe informs him that in order to reach home he must journey to the land of the dead, Hades, and consult the blind prophet Tiresias" (Homer 576).

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Odysseus' reward was getting his wife back after being gone on this long journey. "...his dear wife, clear and faithful, in his arms, longed for as the sunwarmed earth is longed for by a swimmer" (Homer lines 1615-1616).

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The Phaeacians sent Odysseus to his home land where he revealed himself as Odysseus to the suitors. "...with a click and glitter of keen bronze stood by his chair, in the forefront of his father" (Homer lines 1404-1405).

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Odysseus' supreme ordeal was revenge. By learning to fight, he could have died while seeking revenge. "Odysseus's arrow hit him under the chin and punched up to the feathers through his throat" (Homer lines 1419-1420).

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Odysseus' ordeal was with the sun god's, Helios, cattle. Because his men ate the cattle, they were killed and then he was the only one left. "The cattle here are not for our provision, or we pay dearly for it" (Homer lines 839-840).

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The Suitors are Odysseus' enemies. They ate his food, stayed at his house, tried to get his wife's hand in marriage, and tried to kill his son. Antinous said "Eat and be quiet where you are, or shamble elsewhere" (Homer line 1248).

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The Phaeacians helped Odysseus out because they "...conduct him home by ship" (Homer 595).

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Athena mentorred Odysseus in many ways including with wisdom, with all the sheep coming inside that night, by turning him into a beggar, and also making him look like his younger self. "Lithe and young she made him" (Homer line 1018).

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Odysseus did not want to participate in the war. Athena convinced him to sail to Troy and use his intelligence to defeat the Trojans. "...that man skilled in all ways of contending, the wanderer, harried for years on end, after he plundered the stronghold on the proud height of Troy" (Homer lines 2-5).

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Odysseus' ordinary world was when he was at his home "...on the peaked sea-mark of Ithaca" (Homer line 21).