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The nucleus is actually several units:

The nuclear envelope (containing nuclear pores);

The nucleoplasm;

Chromatin;

The nucleolus

The Nuclear Envelope
... is a double membrane, much like the cell membrane, since it is a phospholipid bilayer. It separates the contents of the nucleus from the rest of the cell, but has nuclear pores so that molecules such as mRNA can pass into the cytoplasm for processes such as protein synthesis.

The Nucleoplasm
... is much like the nucleus' cytoplasm, it suspends the contents of the nuclear envelope such as enzymes and nucleotides. It is also essential for maintaining the shape of the nucleus and the transport of materials.

Chromatin
... is a condensed form of chromosomes that exists when a cell's nucleus is at rest i.e. not dividing. Chromosomes contain DNA that contains the hereditary information essential for instructing growth and cell processes.

The Nucleolus
... is a dense collection of proteins and RNA. Sections of chromosomes responsible for ribosome synthesis are found here, known as "nucleolar organisers", which lead in the production of ribosomes.

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At GCSE we always drew dots in the cytoplasm, and these little dots represented the microscopic organelles within a cell. It is mainly made of water but contains many other materials vital for cell functioning, such as:

Enzymes;

Salts;

Organic compounds

Cytoplasm occupies the space between the nucleus and the cell membrane, suspending and supporting the organelles. It's a bit like the inside of an egg, it has a gel-like consistency like an egg white and the nucleus is the egg yolk!

Not only does it suspend organelles, it also:

Transports materials in the cell e.g. hormones;

Dissolves cellular waste;

Is the site of some chemical processes e.g. the first stage of glycolysis

The cytoplasm may also be called cytosol, since this is the name of the fluid excluding the materials inside and the organelles

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In a typical animal cell there is/are:

Cytoplasm;

A cell membrane; (further discussed in topic 1.3)

A nucleus

In a typical plant cell there is/are:

Cytoplasm;

A vacuole;

A cell membrane;

A cell wall;

A nucleus

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We need to know about:

The mitochondria;

The nucleus;

Chromatin;

The nuclear envelope;

The nucleolus;

The Golgi body;

The (rough and smooth) endoplasmic reticulum;

The lysosomes;

The ribosomes;

Plasmodesmata;

Vacuoles;

Centrioles