# data[].attributes.headline
Conclusion: The view of Gender Inequality by the Society

# data[].attributes.subject
Conclusion: The view of Gender Inequality by the Society

# data[].attributes.body
In the following video the author of this project seeks to apply all the information learnt throughout the course on Gender Inequality, in a surreal environment. In doing such, the author seeks not only to analyse the view point of the people in society but also seek to understand the misguidance in their ideologies, if there be any.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
What does Gender Inequality mean to you?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This is for my Foundation Portfolio. - Leia Mohammed

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
This is an op-ed article by Alicia Bárcena,
executive secretary of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). It is part of the special Inter Press Service (IPS) coverage on the occasion of International Women's Day, celebrated yesterday.

Latin America and the Caribbean is the only region in the world where, for the past four decades, states have continuously met to discuss and commit themselves politically to eradicating discrimination and gender inequality, and moving towards guaranteeing women the full exercise of their autonomy and human rights.
Since the first Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean in Havana, Cuba, in 1977, the region has been through years of political, economic, social and cultural changes, which have meant progress for women in the region, but which also have shown the persistence of inequality.
We have overcome a number of obstacles, collectively giving rise to exceptional developments. But there is still a wide wage gap in the region, as well as pending issues in terms of sexual and reproductive rights, and the challenge of achieving greater political participation for women.
The sustainable development goal involving gender equality, born from the synergy between the Regional Gender Agenda and the 2030 Agenda, leads us to focus our attention and action on the structural basis of inequality in our societies.
In the first place, we look at socio-economic inequality and poverty and the necessary transformation of the prevailing development model towards one that incorporates new patterns of sustainable production and consumption, and of redistribution of wealth, income and time.
In Latin America and the Caribbean, 78.1 per cent of employed women work in sectors defined by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) as low-productivity sectors, which implies lower pay, less contact with technology and innovation, and, in many cases, poor-quality jobs.
The labour market is the master key to equality; the redistribution of income and the guaranteeing of rights begin there. The proportion of women in the labour market has increased in countries in the region. However, in the last ten years, women's participation in the labour force in the region has remained stagnant around 53 per cent, revealing a ceiling on the incorporation of women in remunerated work.
In its latest studies, ECLAC has shown that a rise in the proportion of women in the labour market would contribute to the reduction of poverty in the region, with paradigmatic cases such as El Salvador where poverty could be reduced by up to 12 percentage points if more women earned an income.
To understand the barriers that women face, it is crucial to analyse two key aspects of economic autonomy. On one hand, access to their own monetary resources, and on the other hand, the dimension of time use.
In the region, the proportion of women without an income of their own amounts to about 30 per cent; that is to say, one in three women in Latin America and the Caribbean still lack their own source of income. This is without a doubt a great challenge for the autonomy of women who depend on other members of the household to satisfy their needs and those of their families.
Moreover, 26 per cent of women over 15 earn less than the minimum wage. As a result, more than half of the women in the region either have no income of their own or earn so little that real economic autonomy is impossible.
Proposals such as a universal basic income or the enforcement of a minimum wage in certain female-dominated sectors which today have no legal protection are tools that would boost women's access to their own income.
With respect to time use, it has been demonstrated that women across the region invariably have a larger total workload than men. The traditional sexual division of labour, very marked in the region, assigns non-remunerated work mainly to women, and makes it virtually their exclusive responsibility.
This is one of the main obstacles for women to join the labour market and have access to personal and professional development. The reduction of the workday and policies to promote shared responsibility in care-giving are tools that could modify and help balance the current inequality in the workload between women and men.
Along with indicators on time use, putting a monetary value on housework and unpaid caregiving in the household and including it in the national accounts has been a powerful tool for making women's contribution to national economies visible.
Estimates indicate that the value of unpaid work represented 24.2 per cent of Mexico's GDP (gross domestic product) in 2014, 20.4 per cent of Colombia's GDP in 2012, 18.8 per cent of Guatemala's GDP in 2014, and 15.2 per cent of Ecuador's GDP in 2012.
Figures reveal that if unpaid housework and caregiving were given a market value, approximately one-fifth of the wealth quantified in the national accounts would be produced in the households, mainly by women.
This information clearly points to the need to design public policies aimed at achieving equality, which recognise women's contribution to the economy through unpaid work and promote shared responsibility and a more equitable distribution of the workload.
What are needed are public policies to avoid reproducing gender stereotypes, taking into account the different roles that women play, and strengthening their insertion in the labour market and their professional development at the highest level, to capitalise on their training and skills in sectors of higher productivity. This would undermine the foundations of the horizontal and vertical segmentation that characterises the labour market for women today.
In October 2016, the governments gathered at the XIII Regional Conference on Women agreed to implement the Montevideo Strategy and put into effect the premises established in previous agreements, and to comply with the Sustainable Development Goals included in the 2030 Agenda.
This synergy raises the challenge of implementing gender equality as a key cross-cutting component of every public policy, in pursuit of fulfilling the 2030 Agenda.
The time has come for a shift in the gender paradigm in our countries, to put an end to patriarchal society. It is time to pave the way for equality in all its forms and in all possible scenarios and to respect and view women beyond our gender, for all our capabilities and for our continuous struggle for the construction of a more just and equitable society, not just for all women but for everyone.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This is an op-ed article by Alicia Bárcena, executive secretary of the Economic Commis­sion for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). It is part of the special Inter Press Service (IPS) coverage on the occasion of International Women's Day, celebrated yesterday.

# data[].attributes.body
Never before has one term held such aptitude before, such as "The Glass Ceiling". The Glass Ceiling phenomenon refers typically to women being given the illusion of being able to move upwards in the corporate world but being blocked by an invisible force. But this analogy extends beyond this, we treat the idea of gender inequality as a glass ceiling, we look past it as though it is not there. All the while women endure marginalisation due to gender biases. With all things we must start at the beginning.

All past civilisations have contributed one way or another to the foundation of what is today. In all of the past societies from the Neo-Indians, to the enslaved Africans, to the East Indian indentured labourers, and even within the white community, men and women had different duties. (Please do note that the information of what we now know today is a faulty combination of bias/one-sided accounts and reconstructed fragments of whatever was left behind).

Women have been responsible for the running of the house hold for varying reasons mainly because of our physique and being regarded as the weaker of the two sexes. Additionally men held all the roles of importance from religion to politics. The woman's place was to raise the children and tend to the needs of the house or in the case of the white woman to ensure that those needs were being met by acting out inhumane punishments to those slaves that did not come up to her expectations.

Fast forward to today's Caribbean society even though there has been some change as a society the progress has been very limited. Gender Inequality has transformed into the following according to the article above:

Occupational segregation with women tending to have lower-waged occupations in the economy and a lower female labour force participation. Higher educational achievements of girls does not yet translate in a higher participation in the labour market and closing of the wage gap.

A high proportion of female-headed households in poverty and with high dependency ratios.

Social isolation of elderly men.

Educational gaps at secondary and tertiary levels with mixed results for boys and girls. Drop out of boys increases the potential of deviance and anti-social behaviour. Drop outs of girls might be related to teenage pregnancies resulting in incomplete education.

Gender-based violence as being endemic among the researched countries. The Report reveals a predominance of male perpetrators (reported cases), women and girls as the vast majority of victims, and men and boys increasingly reporting gender-based violence.

In essence as a society Gender Inequality has worsen to the point where it is now a social ill, preventing growth and reaching our potential. How do we shatter the Glass Ceiling of Gender Inequality? Awareness, open-mindedness to change and implementing new structures as the article below discussed. Here are some of the worth while mentions:

"In the first place, we look at socio-economic inequality and poverty and the necessary transformation of the prevailing development model towards one that incorporates new patterns of sustainable production and consumption, and of redistribution of wealth, income and time.
In Latin America and the Caribbean, 78.1 per cent of employed women work in sectors defined by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) as low-productivity sectors, which implies lower pay, less contact with technology and innovation, and, in many cases, poor-quality jobs.
The labour market is the master key to equality; the redistribution of income and the guaranteeing of rights begin there. The proportion of women in the labour market has increased in countries in the region.
What are needed are public policies to avoid reproducing gender stereotypes, taking into account the different roles that women play, and strengthening their insertion in the labour market and their professional development at the highest level, to capitalise on their training and skills in sectors of higher productivity. This would undermine the foundations of the horizontal and vertical segmentation that characterises the labour market for women today."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A report published by the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB), has revealed that the Caribbean region continues to battle with persistent gender inequalities. The report, which is a compilation of data from 10 Caribbean countries, aims to provide a situational analysis of gender equality in the BMCs, to inform national budgeting, planning and programming.

The 10 CDB Borrowing Member Countries (BMCs) surveyed were Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia as well as St. Vincent and the Grenadines. In 2010 CDB provided resources to these BMCs to conduct Country Gender Assessments (CGAs), and a Synthesis Report was generated to highlight areas of gender inequality in the BMCs.

Some of the inequalities highlighted in the CGA Synthesis Report 2016 are:

Occupational segregation with women tending to have lower-waged occupations in the economy and a lower female labour force participation. Higher educational achievements of girls does not yet translate in a higher participation in the labour market and closing of the wage gap.

A high proportion of female-headed households in poverty and with high dependency ratios.

Social isolation of elderly men.

Educational gaps at secondary and tertiary levels with mixed results for boys and girls. Drop out of boys increases the potential of deviance and anti-social behaviour. Drop outs of girls might be related to teenage pregnancies resulting in incomplete education.

Gender-based violence as being endemic among the researched countries. The Report reveals a predominance of male perpetrators (reported cases), women and girls as the vast majority of victims, and men and boys increasingly reporting gender-based violence.

These gender inequalities do not only represent human rights issues, but are also serious constraints to economic growth and well-being in the Region. The data presented in the CGAs and the Synthesis Report can provide the basis for evidence-based policy-making to address some of these issues.

In recognition of the diversity within the populations and communities of the BMCs surveyed, the CGA research process utilised a highly participatory approach, and provided opportunities for a wide cross-section of society to share their views. Each country surveyed took responsibility for the conduct of the assessment, as well as in defining strategies and policies to address gender inequality.

CDB remains committed to enhancing gender equality in its BMCs. The Bank follows a multitrack strategy by gender mainstreaming all of its programmes, projects and strategies, in particular its Social and Economic Infrastructure interventions, and by designing and implementing gender-specific initiatives. CDB also facilitates interventions in areas such as gender capacity development of public institutions, measures to combat gender-based violence, empowering women economically through trade-related activities and changing occupational segregation with education programmes. A further area is the production of sex-disaggregated and gender data as well as of knowledge products like the CGAs. These measures are implemented in Partnership with and through policy dialogue with the Borrowing Member Countries, working together with other development partners.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Gender Inequality Remains Persistent in the Caribbean - CDB Report

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A report published by the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB), has revealed that the Caribbean region continues to battle with persistent gender inequalities. The report, which is a compilation of data from 10 Caribbean countries, aims to provide a situational analysis of gender equality in the BMCs, to inform national budgeting, planning and programming.

# data[].attributes.body
Androcentrism's reign in the Caribbean pays its homage to its historiography. Even in today's modern Caribbean Society with all its "advances" our underlying dictating doctrine of thought is still somewhat archaic. How men view women, the roles they play and how the even view themselves are all based on religious doctrine.

It started with Glory, Gold and God and the misconstrued image of "God" continued to not only influence us but mould our culture and its dogmas and thereby the society. Scripture in particular as well as writings and interpretations of the scripture have been used to subdue women, determine their roles, suppress their nature and classify them.

Emphasis placed on female subordination to her husband/man and her expected duties in the home and for service to her husband's needs. This predetermined role is expected of today's women still. So much so, to the point that, even though Trinidad and Tobago has had several prominent females in areas such as politics, science and several other very important male dominated roles within the public domain the presence of women is still quite minuscule. Inequality reigns over the corporate world and most leadership roles.

The greatest impact however, is how men view women. When society excuses the fact that men view women as sexual objects with no reprieve. Again this dogma was derived from the religious doctrine. Religious doctrine have been used to suppress women's sexuality, their needs and desires. Women who indulge in their sexual desires are still even today treated as heretic and women are even classified. These classification are often time derogatory in nature towards women.

In the audio file below entitled, LEGGINGS by Kleon McPherson is a classic example of the Caribbean male's mind when it comes to women. (Please note that this is not meant to marginalise and target and/or bash men).

In this Mr. McPherson attempts to address a very common fashion for women in the Caribbean called Leggings. In this piece of spoken word there are a couple statements I would like to draw the attention of the reader to because it addresses the way Caribbean men think and how crassly they view women.

In it he says "... inciting voluptuous carnal desires; sometimes worn with a large t-shirt, blazer, dress top or short vest; which are occasionally exposed revealing cow heels, goat hooves and the dreaded camel toe...". This refers to the look of a woman's extremity in said leggings as animal parts. The fact that a man can think he can demean a woman to that as mere animal parts goes to show how deep set this psychosis which was propagated religious doctrine actually is.

"... as its absorbing aesthetic features arouses any heterosexual man's visual palette.." Again here we have an example of a man just giving into his carnal desires which is the norm. We as women serve to satisfy the "visual palette".

"LEGGINGS ARE NOT FOR EVERYONE! I REPEAT LEGGINGS ARE NOT FOR EVERYONE!" In this he refers to women above a certain weight and age. So the classification of degradation is not confined to sexual desires but also includes some form of shaming women. Projecting that women should have a certain body type which is appealing to what they deem attractive. Another classification women have to endure is that of being taken as promiscuous and therefore must endure the subjection. "... some women wear clothing that suggest body parts are for sale..."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Free Speech Project - Kleon McPherson- Leggings