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BY: Fayez

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Citation: C N Trueman "Causes of the American Civil War"
historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 25 Mar 2015. 24 Apr 2018.

A common assumption to explain the cause of the American Civil War was that the North was no longer willing to tolerate slavery as being part of the fabric of US society and that the political power brokers in Washington were planning to abolish slavery throughout the Union. Therefore for many people slavery is the key issue to explain the causes of the American Civil War. However, it is not as simple as this and slavery, while a major issue, was not the only issue that pushed American into the 'Great American Tragedy'. By April 1861, slavery had become inextricably entwined with state rights, the power of the federal government over the states, the South's 'way of life' etc. - all of which made a major contribution to the causes of the American Civil War.

By 1860 America could not be seen as being a homogenous society. Clearly defined areas could be identified that had different outlooks and different values. This was later to be seen in the North versus South divide that created the two sides in the war.

The South was an agricultural region where cotton and tobacco were the main backbone to the region's economic strength. The area relied on exports to markets in Western Europe and the class structure that could be found in the UK, for example, was mimicked in the southern states. The local plantation owner was a 'king' within his own area and locals would be deferential towards such men. The whole structure was portrayed in 'Gone With The Wind'; a strictly Christian society that had men at the top while those underneath were expected and required to accept their social status. Social advancement was possible but invariably it was done within the senior families of a state, who were the economic, political and legal brokers of their state on behalf of the people in that state. Within this structure was the wealth that these families had accrued. It cannot be denied that a huge part of this wealth came from the fact that the plantation owners oriented the work on their plantations around slave labour. As abhorrent as it may be to those in the C21st, slavery was simply seen as part of the southern way of life. Without slavery, the economic clout of these premier families would have been seriously dented and those they employed and paid - local people who would have recognised how important the local plantation owner was to their own well-being - simply accepted this as 'how it is'. When the dark clouds of war gathered in 1860-61, many in the South saw their very way of life being threatened. Part of that was slavery but it was not the only part.

The North was almost in complete contrast to the South. In the lead up to April 1861, the North was industrialising at a very fast rate. Entrepreneurs were accepted and, in fact, were seen as being vital to the further industrial development of America. You did not have to stay in your social place and social mobility was common. For example, Samuel Colt was born in Connecticut into a relatively poor background. He had an inauspicious start to his life but ended up a very rich man who left his wife $15 million in his will. Whether he could have done this in the South is a moot topic. It was always possible but most of America's premier entrepreneurs based themselves in the North where the straitjacket of social class was weaker. Cornelius Vanderbilt is another example. Whether a man who came from the Netherlands could have forced his way into the social hierarchy of the South is again a question open to debate. The North was also a cosmopolitan mixture of nationalities and religions - far more so than the South. There can be little doubt that there were important groups in the North that were anti-slavery and wanted its abolition throughout the Union. However, there were also groups that were ambivalent and those who knew that the North's economic development was based not only on entrepreneurial skills but also on the input of poorly paid workers who were not slaves but lived lives not totally removed from those in the South. While they had their freedom and were paid, their lifestyle was at best very harsh.

While the two sides that made up the American Civil War were apart in many areas, it became worse when the perception in the South was that the North would try to impose its values on the South.

In 1832, South Carolina passed an act that declared that Federal tariff legislation of 1828 and 1832 could not be enforced onto states and that after February 1 st 1833 the tariffs would not be recognised in the state. This brought South Carolina into direct conflict with the Federal government in Washington DC. Congress pushed through the Force Bill that enabled the President to use military force to bring any state into line with regards to implementing Federal law. On this occasion the threat of military force worked. People in South Carolina vowed, however, it would be the last time.

It was now that slavery became mixed up with state rights - just how much power a state had compared to federal authority. State rights became intermingled with slavery. The key issue was whether slavery would be allowed in the newly created states that were joining the Union. This dispute further developed with the 'Louisiana Purchase' of 1803 whereby Kansas, among others, was purchased by the federal government. Kansas was officially opened to settlement in 1854 and there was a rush to settle in the state between those who supported slavery and those who opposed it. The state became a place of violence between the two groups and Kansas got the nickname 'Bleeding Kansas' in recognition of what was going on there. However on January 29 th 1861, Kansas was admitted to the Union as a slave-free state. Many in the traditional slave states saw this as the first step towards abolishing slavery throughout the Union and thus the destruction of the southern way of life.

When South Carolina seceded from the Union on December 20 th 1860, the first state to do so, it was a sign that the state no longer felt part of the United States of America and that America as an entity was being dominated by a federal government ensconced in the views of the North. Whether this was true or not, is not relevant as it was felt to be true by many South Carolinians. The secession of South Carolina pushed other southern states into doing the same. With such a background of distrust between most southern states and the government in Washington, it only needed one incident to set off a civil war and that occurred at Fort Sumter in April 1861.

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Causes of the American Civil War - History Learning Site

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A common assumption to explain the cause of the American Civil War was that the North was no longer willing to tolerate slavery as being part of the fabric of US society and that the political power brokers in Washington were planning to abolish slavery throughout the Union.

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At this time, women were widely considered to be inferior to men, a status that was especially clear in the lack of legal rights for married women. The law did not recognize wives' independence in economic, political, or civic matters in Anglo-American society of the eighteenth century.

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Most people in the 18th century in America lived in self-sustaining rural communities, and there was a increase in large urban centers, such as Boston and New York City, and spurred a massive internal migration of workers

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Most people in the 18th century in America lived in self-sustaining rural communities, and there was a increase in large urban centers, such as Boston and New York City, and spurred a massive internal migration of workers

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Women who has disguised as men, fought Confederate Armies during the civil war to change the definition of womanhood.

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The Industrial Revolution in part was fueled by the economic necessity of many women, single and married, to find waged work outside their home.

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The Industrial Revolution in part was fueled by the economic necessity of many women, single and married, to find waged work outside their home.

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The industrial revolution led to the spread of education , giving many women the chance to become school teachers and further their education. For example, in America, over half the schoolteachers in the public school system were women by 1870.

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The industrial revolution led to the spread of education , giving many women the chance to become school teachers and further their education. For example, in America, over half the schoolteachers in the public school system were women by 1870.

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Nancy Langhore Astor became the first women to sit in and be elected in the house of commons 

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Nancy Langhore Astor became the first women to sit in and be elected in the house of commons 

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Women disguised as men weren't punished regularly due to the high demand for soldiers

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women began working in coal mines after the revolution

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Elizabeth Cady Stanton helped draft the declaration of rights of women 

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Elizabeth Cady Stanton helped draft the declaration of rights of women 

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The impacts of the american revolution was that women were able to hold higher positions in society, such as doctors, lawyers etc. This lead to equality between men and women as a result of this women were allowed to vote 

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The impacts of the american revolution was that women were able to hold higher positions in society, such as doctors, lawyers etc. This lead to equality between men and women as a result of this women were allowed to vote 

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Women were joining the war as soldiers, disguising themselves as men, which was proven after bodies were found in the battlefield following the war.

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http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/the-american-civil-war/causes-of-the-american-civil-war/

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Susan B. Anthony who dedicated her life to helping women suffrage, the women in the movement was called the suffragettes, she felt there was no difference between the mind of women and men  

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Susan B. Anthony who dedicated her life to helping women suffrage, the women in the movement was called the suffragettes, she felt there was no difference between the mind of women and men  

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High demand for nurses during the American Civil War.

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During the time when "The Yellow Wallpaper"  was written there was a lot of problems over  marriage rights

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During the time when "The Yellow Wallpaper"  was written there was a lot of problems over  marriage rights

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in the early 18 hundreds women were forbidden to attend after grammar school

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in the early 18 hundreds women were forbidden to attend after grammar school

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In America women were employed in the such places as match factories/textile mills and earned poor wages.

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Women earned less than half of what men earned 

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Women earned less than half of what men earned 

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Before the American Civil War, women were shaped in society by certain set ideologies of how women must portray themselves in society and these were called "the Cult of True Womanhood.”

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Because of the industrial revolution, many woman left their homes and started to live independently

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Because of the industrial revolution, many woman left their homes and started to live independently

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encouraged women to leave their homes, and jobs at their farm to work at mills 

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encouraged women to leave their homes, and jobs at their farm to work at mills 

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Very poor working conditions some women went into coal mines with chains between their legs and a belt around their waists

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working conditions were often unsanitary and they were dangerous as well

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working conditions were often unsanitary and they were dangerous as well

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women participated in war relief efforts such as sewing circles, gathering food and medical supplies, and bedding for local military homes

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The industrial revolution opened the door for new jobs for women 

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The industrial revolution opened the door for new jobs for women 

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The roles of women drastically changed, there were two contrasts housewives expected to do more house work due to tge loss of maids and general laborers in the home. On the other hand, some women were encouraged to join the Labour force, mainly fabric and telecommunication. The demand for female Labour increased even more in the beginning of the first world War.

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The industrial revolution was fuelled by the economic necessities of single and married women who were struggling to find ways to work outside their homes 

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The industrial revolution was fuelled by the economic necessities of single and married women who were struggling to find ways to work outside their homes 

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There were over 400 documented cases of women who fought as male soldiers during the civil war

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Many women took on the roles of men in the household after husbands and brothers left

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The industrial revolution mainly happened between the late 1700s to the early to mid 1800s.

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Women were paid less than men and women were confined to the domestic sphere, caring for children and looking after the house.

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Gilman’s “The Yellow Wallpaper” was written in 1890, at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the United States. The  Industrial Revolution

was a time of widespread social activism and artistic creation intended to promote critical thought about social, economic, and political issues. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s works were no exception; they aimed specifically to increase conversation and awareness surrounding mental illness and women’s rights, which were still seen as taboo topics

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The nation was reunited and the southern states were not allowed to secede.

The South was placed under military rule and divided into military districts. Southern states then had to apply for readmission to the Union.

The Federal government proved itself supreme over the states. Essentially this was a war over states rights and federalism and the victor was the power of the national government.

Slavery was effectively ended. While slavery was not officially outlawed until the passage of the 13th amendment, the slaves were set free upon the end of the war.

Reconstruction, the plan to rebuild America after the war, began.

Industrialism began as a result of the increase in wartime production and the development of new technologies.

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The role of women in society changed positively during the industrial revolution, as they need more workers to fulfill the factory jobs. So they brought workers in, regardless of colour or sex.

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During the civil war, Women has roles such as nurses, spies, solider, abolitionist, civil rights advocate and promoters of women suffrage

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During the civil war, Women has roles such as nurses, spies, solider, abolitionist, civil rights advocate and promoters of women suffrage

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Women at this time began working for domestic services, textile factories and piece work shops

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Many women would disguise themselves as men to fight in the war

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In "The Yellow Wallpaper," the fear that the lady had upon the wallpaper displays the fear that those of colour had among the "white."

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The industrial revolution gave women a chance to become independent, as they were paid their wages independently. It changed the stereotypical image of women relying on the men in the family.

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The industrial revolution gave women a chance to become independent, as they were paid their wages independently. It changed the stereotypical image of women relying on the men in the family.