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Characteristics from the 20th century are Melody, Texture, Tonality, Rhythm, rhythm was usually new & individual & melodies are used. Composers & Songwriters explored new styles and during this time people used music to express themselves & to send political messages. During this time, World War (1914-1918) & (1939-1945 ) was happening so as you could imagine music was pretty wide ranged and new.

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Ralph was a very known composer,  A avid collector of English folk songs and he wrote nine film scores, symphonies & operas. As a child he studied piano & violins and learned folk songs from a young age, which inspired his future works. In 1904 Ralph started composing Christian Choral music And wrote an opera of The Pilgrims Progress, His most known song is " The Lark Ascending " It was written in 1914 but got put on hold because of World War One. He served in France & Salonika but had exposure  to gunfire which caused him to start to have a process of hear loss which did cause severe deafness at his old age. He also did have an collection of poems called
" Five Mystical Songs ".

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Vaughan Williams: The Call (from Five Mystical Songs)

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Duke Ellington was a Pianist & Composer, He had a major influence in the history of jazz music, and had his own jazz band that performed in Broadway night clubs and eventually grew to be a ten- piece ensemble. When he was 15 he wrote his first composition " Soda Fountain Rag " & when he turned 17 he started playing professionally in ragtime. He was influential in multiple genres & his career spanned more than half a century & was playing American music up until his death in 1974 due to lung cancer & pneumonia.

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Duke Ellington - It don't mean a thing (1943)