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OCD is a very serious disorder that is becoming more and more

open to the american public.It is not to be taken lightly .Although many treatments and therapies are out there nothing is one hundred percent prove to work yet.This disease henders the six million people that suffers from it and

"I hope this paper opens the eyes of others to this disease".

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www.mcgill.caNeuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system. Traditionally, neuroscience has been seen as a branch of biology.Neuroscience - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeuroscienceMore about Neuroscience

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4. If I have any of these symptoms or behaviors, does it mean that I have OCD?
That depends much upon the degree in which the symptoms or behaviors interfere with your thinking, reasoning, and/or life functioning. If you feel you have any of these symptoms or symptoms of a similar nature, see a competent psychiatrist experienced with OCD and discuss your symptoms.

5. Is OCD considered to be an anxiety disorder?
Yes. OCD is classified by the medical establishment (DSM-IV-TR) as an anxiety disorder. The obsessions cause anxiety, which result in a need to perform compulsions which provides temporary relief. See our fact sheet to better understand the OCD cycle.

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psychotherapy

Medication

Depressants

Competent

complusions

MEANINGS;

psychotherapy=the treatment of mental disorder by psychological rather

depressants=sedative

competent=fit

medication=a drug or other form of medicine that is used to prevent disease

compulsions=the action or staate of forcing or being forced to do something;constraint.

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WHAT IS OCD?

ans;OCD IS OBSESSIVE compulsive Disorder which causes an individual to have intrisive thoughts of a frightening or distuarbing nature,which in turn may cause the person to do things repeatedly.They might perform certain rituals to guard against danger,or clean ones self or personal areas of home or work again and again .also see our fact sheet about ocd to answer more ocd questions

2.What are the symptoms of ocd?

Symptoms and behaviors associated with OCD are wide and varied. The primary thing they have in common is they are generally unwanted behaviors and/or thoughts that occur very frequently — i.e., several times a day. Symptoms, if untreated, may progress to the point of taking up all of a sufferer's waking hours.

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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is a type of anxiety disorder that causes a person to have repeated,upsetting thoughts called obsessions.to get rid of these thoughts, people with ocd perform repeated,upsetting actions called compulsions.performing the rituals gives a person with ocd short term relief but ignoring the urge to do the ritual greatly increases the anxiety,People with ocd spend at least 1 hour a day on obsessive thoughts and rituals .This causes distress and gets in the way of daily life.Treatment for ocd generally includes psychotherapy and medications .Medications that are most commonly used include various kinds of anti depressants .If you believe that you are a loved one has ocd ,talk to a health care provider immediately.Even people with serve ocd can find comfort through

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Episodic Memory- Understanding How Memories are Made in Kids (1) (1) (1)

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1.Cure to diseases Parkinson,M.S.A and mental disorders.

2.Helps in discovery of drugs

3.Statistical machine learning.

4.super conducting quantum interference device.

5.Positron emission tomography

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This journal targets youth and energetic people who are genuinely interested and has hunger to develop science and technology.

we want to gain more knowledge from the questions and suggestions given by audience.And we want to know whether we have some flaws in our ideas,videos and opinions.

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1.Do you thing this journal is useful?

a.yes

b.no

c.little

2.Do you have any suggestions?

a.if yes mention in 2 or 3 sentances

b.no

3.How is our presentation?

a.excellent

b.good

c.can be improved

4.Whats is your gender?

a.male

b.female

5.How old are you?

a.below 18

b.18-40

c.above forty

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1.internet surfing

2.T.V programmes(curiosity)

3. youtube videos

4.books(A sharp brain for life)

5.Newspapes,magzines(knowledge)

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some useful words

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1.No. You cannot be hypnotized against your will. You must be a willing subject. Your hypnotist must have your full cooperation.

2.No. Strength of mind really has little to do with it. Either a weak-minded or strong minded person who resists will make a poor hypnotic subject. On the other hand, a weak or strong-minded person who cooperates will be a good subject. However, because Hypnosis helps a person gain greater control over both mind and body, it can help a person develop a stronger mind.

3.Any normally intelligent person who can concentrate and follow instructions, and who is motivated and willing can learn Self Hypnosis

4.Any normally intelligent person who can concentrate and follow instructions, and who is motivated and willing can learn Self Hypnosis

# data[].attributes.body
1.Can a person be hypnotized against his will?

2.Does a weak-minded person make a better subject than a strong-minded person

3.Can anyone learn Self Hypnosis?

4.Who can be hypnotized?

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https://paidtoexist.com/avoid-brainwashing(by jonhatan inpersonal freedom)

https://www.youtube.com(discory networks

http://skeptoid.com/episodes/4330(brian dunning

FOR FURTHER REFERENCES

Bowers, K. Hypnosis for the Seriously Curious. Monterey: Brooks, 1976.

Braid, J. Neurypnology. London: J. Churchill, 1853.

Ezzell, C. "Scientific American Gets Hypnotized: Our Staff Sees What It's Like to Go Under." Scientific American. 1 Jul. 2001, Volume 285, Number 1: 54.

Horton, J. Hypnotizability and Corpus Callosum Morphology (Dissertation).Blacksburg: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1999.

Nash, M. "The Truth and the Hype of Hypnosis." Scientific American. 1 Jul. 2001, Volume 285, Number 1: 46-55.

Weitzenhoffer, A., Hilgard, E., Kihlstrom, J. Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C. Stanford: Stanford University, 1996.

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If we don't own our minds, we're like pawns in a game where we're not the player. We're being played. Corporations, governments, advertisers and even religions (oops, I said it) have gone to great lengths to control your mind. Sometimes their tactics are obvious, but most of the time they are downright sneaky.

If we want to ensure that we're living for ourselves and not serving some corporation's agenda, we have to put on our mental armor. We have to arm our minds so we can first know when their is an assault on our sovereignty.

Here are 10 tools you can use to avoid brainwashing and retain the ownership of your mind:

1. Decrypt media spin.

The media uses many different tools and angles to sensationalize things that aren't inherently sensational. "Experts generally agree" can mean a community college professor and "recent surveys find" can mean the polling of 10 people.

Be wary of any claims where the sources aren't explicitly stated. (See this article for understanding media spin.)

2. Break through the hype.

Have you ever noticed that the most genuinely talented people don't feel the need to convince you of their ability? If something is authentically awesome, it advertises itself.

All hype isn't necessarily bad, but having some man scream at you about the amazing cleaning power of OxyClean is most likely an attempt to scare you into believing something.

3. Don't buy into scare tactics.

This approach is most popular among the military. This is for an obvious reason: to make you conform and adhere to the purpose of the larger whole. On one hand, I understand why they have to do what they do. But on the other, I am wary of any group the discourages questioning the command. If you don't think the purpose of your troop's mission ethical, sorry, you don't get an opinion. If you don't agree with the chain of command, too bad.

Sometimes we think there is no other choice but to follow the leader with our heads down. But if we just look a little further, there's usually another way we didn't see before.

4. Survey says.

Surveys and statistics are often skewed to support the agenda of the presenter. Just because a survey says something, doesn't mean you have to believe it. Even if it's from a reputable source, keep in mind that everyone has an agenda. Even Green Peace. Even Obama. Even your mom.

5. Be conscious of subliminal messages.

Advertisers have cleverly discovered that they can sell you something much easier if it's associated with a certain lifestyle. A Mercedes equals luxury and high class; a Jeep means you're rugged and adventurous. Cut through the BS. You define the way you live; your lifestyle doesn't define you.

6. Don't be a sheep.

The word "authority" derives from the word author, which simply means the one who originated the idea. It doesn't mean they are right, or that they are the end of the line. Get as many different opinions as possible before making a decision and trust your common sense.

7. Be certain, or circumvent.

Have you ever noticed that extremely enthusiastic people have an uncanny ability to sway others? Their unshakeable certainty lures others into follow them, simply because they don't have a strong opinion one way or the other. If you don't know, don't let someone else's certainty force you to make a choice. Do your own research and come to your own conclusion.

8. Listen to your gut.

Follow your gut/intuition. If you think something's shady, chances are it is. Your mind will usually want to prolong making a decision until it gets all the facts straight. You'll usually find that after you've sorted everything out your gut was right all along. Save yourself some time and trust yourself.

9. Avoid groupthink.

Following the crowd is fine if you're making that choice consciously. We've all heard the saying "if so and so told you to jump off a cliff, would you do it?" I always thought that that was the most idiotic question. That doesn't prove anything. That's just stupid. And it's not what I'm talking about here.

What I mean is following the group because you're afraid of standing out. You're afraid of being seen, being heard. Because, geez, if you do that you might actually have to defend your opinion.

Don't be afraid to be different. Ghandi was different. Einstein was different. People used to think they were crazy, radical and had possible birth defects (just kidding). Now they are considered geniuses.

10. Don't be a trend-junkie.

"Newly reformulated" shaving cream is often just a newly reformulated packaging design. If you have to buy a new version of your camera, phone, or iPod every 6 months, are you buying it, or is it buying you? Do you really own your things, or do they own you?

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10 Ways to Avoid Brainwashing - Paid to Exist

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If we don't own our minds, we're like pawns in a game where we're not the player. We're being played. Corporations, governments, advertisers and even religions (oops, I said it) have gone to great lengths to control your mind. Sometimes their tactics are obvious, but most of the time they are downright sneaky.

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Below is a list of the usual brainwashing/mind control techniques used in schools, hospitals, army, religious cults, totalitarian states; with political prisoners and dissidents, mentally insane, some versions of psychoterapy, etc., etc. "Indoctrination" is a more slight and more subliminal form of brainwashing (e.g. commercials).

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The facts and the fiction of one of the most intriguing psychological phenomena.

by Brian Dunning

Filed under General Science

Skeptoid Podcast #330 |
October 2, 2012
Podcast transcript Download | Subscribe
Also available in Russian

Listen:
http://skeptoid.com/audio/skeptoid-4330.mp3

Today we're going to point the skeptical eye at a topic that's intrigued nearly everyone who's thought about it: hypnosis. The hypnotist appears to have the ultimate superpower, the ability to persuade anyone to do or feel whatever he wants them to. For the subject, hypnosis appears to be the miracle cure to just about anything: lose weight, stop smoking, feel happier. We've all heard the basic plot points - that it can't make you do anything you don't want to do, that different people are susceptible to varying degrees - limitations that seem to negate the potential benefits. So what can it actually do, and might it be of any value to any of us?

Forms of hypnosis go back through history nearly as far as history itself. Even the earliest reported forms of deep meditation from India and Persia are considered to have been analogous to what we now refer to as self-hypnosis. Even the ancient Greeks are believed to have had practices comparable to Hindu sleep temples, where people would go to essentially become hypnotized to be put into a relaxed state as a presumed medical cure. But the history of hypnotism is associated with one name more than with any other: the 18th century German physician Franz Mesmer.

You probably already know that we get the term "mesmerize" from the name of Mesmer, but what you may not know is that the practice of mesmerism has virtually nothing to do with anything that Mesmer himself actually did. As a physician working with the current state of medical science in the 1700s, Franz Mesmer didn't have much to go on. Like other researchers of his day, Mesmer put forth ideas that were not very sound scientifically. His particular theory was a form of vitalism - the idea that living beings are distinguished from inanimate objects by some kind of "life force" - that he called animal magnetism. Like most other forms of vitalism proposed over the centuries, Mesmer's animal magnetism postulated that living beings were connected by a sort of energy flow, which Mesmer called magnetic fluid. One of his treatments, which he popularized while practicing in Paris, was to use his hands to govern the flow of magnetic fluid through a patient, in lengthy and relaxing sessions, intended to cure some ailment.

It was those who followed Mesmer's work who coined the term mesmerism, but the practice was splintered into a number of unrelated directions. Magnet therapists called their procedures mesmerism. Spiritual healers in Russia called their procedures mesmerism. New Age healers in America called their practice mesmerism. Clairvoyants in England called what they did mesmerism. The connection to what we now call hypnotism came in 1841, when a traveling mesmerist who gave stage shows was going around London putting people into trances, calling it by Mesmer's term animal magnetism. Dr. James Braid, a surgeon, happened to catch one of these shows, and had the opportunity to examine one of the subjects who had been rendered unable to open his eyes. He concluded, rightly it turned out, that the person was indeed in some different state of consciousness. Braid was fascinated, and researched the phenomenon voraciously. In 1843 he published his findings in a book that he titled Neurypnology. It was Braid who coined the term hypnosis.

Braid's book, which may fairly be called the seminal work of modern hypnotherapy, was surprisingly in line with today's understanding of hypnosis. Braid had quickly taught himself to hypnotize patients by having them fix their gaze upon an object held in front of their foreheads, in such a position that it put strain upon the eye muscles and required great concentration to maintain. He would speak to them calmly during the procedure, and once he observed their pupils dilate, he ascertained that they were hypnotized. This part of the process has since become known as the induction phase. As a doctor, he repeatedly found hypnotism useful as a treatment for what he called nervous complaints. He was able to successfully hypnotize patients and induce restful sleep, reduce muscle spasms and pain, and treat other symptomatic conditions.

Braid's basic technique has been revised many times, and one of today's most popular versions was developed in the 1950s at Stanford University, as the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scales. It's a series of twelve short tests to gauge just how hypnotized you really are, scored on a scale of 0 (not at all) to 12 (completely). They are responses to simple suggestions like immobilization, simple hallucinations, and amnesia. Most people score somewhere in the middle, and nearly everyone passes at least one of the tests. There's even a script you can follow to hypnotize anyone and put them through the scales, with a little bit of practice.

Not only do people score very differently, there's been little progress made in predicting what types of people are most susceptible. Subjects' suppositions about their own susceptibility don't correlate at all with test scores. Supposed predictors like intelligence, creativity, desire to become hypnotized, and imaginativeness also have no correlation. Most likely, you yourself are a decent candidate who will score near the middle of the scale, regardless of whether you think you will or not.

At least one study has found a physiological difference in subjects who score highest on the Stanford scales. In 1999, grad student James Horton at Virginia Tech took eight people who scored a median of 11 and ten people who scored a median of 2 and took a look at their brains with an MRI. The high scoring group had a frontal section of the corpus callosum called the rostrum that was 32% larger on average than that of the lower scoring group. While interesting and suggestive of the value of further research, this was a small sample size and there may have been other factors.

In 2001, six staffers from Scientific American magazine who had never been hypnotized before underwent the test at their office in New York. It turned out they fit the demographic as well as anyone: their scores ranged from 3 to 8, and they reported the inability to move parts of their bodies, auditory hallucinations, and one even was made to forget everything that happened during his session - despite his best efforts - until being told that he could suddenly remember it all again.

So this raises the question of what hypnosis can actually do. It has real applications in medicine and in psychotherapy. In medicine, it has surprisingly been proven to be quite effective at pain management, in many clinical trials. One survey of 27 such trials found that 75 percent of some 933 patients found some pain relief from hypnosis. It has been shown that pre-surgical hypnosis can reduce the amount of anesthesia needed, and thus it also reduces the time needed in recovery and the severity of related side effects like nausea. It can reduce stress related hypertension. In fact, virtually all of the symptoms related to stress can be successfully mitigated in susceptible patients.

Many of us wonder about the common usages we hear about in psychotherapy, like stopping smoking, weight loss, or recovering lost memories. These are generally overblown. We like to think that we can go to a hypnotherapist who will make us no longer desire cigarettes or food, and snap like magic, the problem is solved. This is completely fictitious, as are most magically easy solutions in life. Whether hypnotherapy is effective at all in long-term behavior modification is something of an open question. Weight loss has shown good promise, but studies of using hypnosis to stop addictive behavior such as smoking or drug abuse have been much less successful. The difference is probably that weight loss is a matter of willpower alone, whereas addictions such as nicotine have additional physiological factors. Regardless, virtually all authorities agree that hypnosis should only be used to supplement conventional psychotherapy, and should not be the only tool relied upon.

The idea of recovering lost memories is highly controversial, and is no longer accepted as reliable. Hypnotherapists would lead the patient through age regression, to have them relive and re-experience a traumatic event. It is true that the focused, relaxed state does enable very strong and realistic recollections, but what we've learned is that these recalled experiences, though vivid, are no more accurate than any other memories. Similarly a dream can be extremely realistic, but as we know, dreams don't necessarily reflect reality in the slightest. It's essentially the same imaginative mechanism in your brain that creates dramatic and lucid dreams that creates the perception of a relived moment in age regression hypnosis. The prevailing view is that the subject is not actually reliving what happened, but rather is realistically imagining what it was probably like way back when, based in part on whatever recollections remain. Today, in many jurisdictions, hypnotically recovered memories are no longer admissible in court as evidence, since they've been proven to be too unreliable.

The biggest irony is that stage hypnosis, as practiced by showmen in front of audiences, is sometimes more real than these popular notions about clinical hypnosis. (We're discounting the stage hypnotists who use plants in the audience, or who whisper secret instructions to the subjects, or who employ other chicanery not related to hypnotism.) Stage hypnosis generally is real hypnosis, just an extremely glib example of its most basic function. Think back to the show that James Braid witnessed, where a subject found himself unable to open his eyes. In all probability, that performance was the same exact thing that showmen do today. The basic program is to take a group of people, and hypnotize them through a basic induction phase, much like Braid described. The hypnotist selects a few people from this group, and administers something akin to an abbreviated Stanford scale, selects those who respond best, and dismisses the rest. A weakness with stage hypnotism is that there are always some subjects who are only pretending to go along, and perform according to audience expectations. However, as with the Scientific American staffers, plenty of stage hypnotism subjects report actually losing simple abilities during the show (forgetting their name, being unable to move, or experiencing hallucinations such as seeing people naked), but only so long as they were consciously willing to go along.

A lot of these shows end with the hypnotist laying a subject between two chairs and standing on her like a bridge, making it appear that hypnotism has given her super strength. The facts are that no such superpower becomes available during hypnosis, and he's simply positioning the body and the chairs in a way that would make it possible anyway. But it's unfair, and factually inaccurate, to dismiss all stage hypnotism as fake.

So live a little. Get hypnotized. See where you fall on the Stanford scale. Don't shy away from an opportunity with a good stage hypnotist. You just might experience something that you never imagined your brain could do to you. You can't lose control. And you might well discover a new tool available to you should you fall into the need for pain management, stress management, or psychotherapy. Walk the wilder side of neuroscience; it might turn into a thrill ride.

By Brian Dunning
Follow @BrianDunning
Please contact us with any corrections or feedback.
Cite this article:
Dunning, B. "Hypnotism: Hijacking Your Brain?" Skeptoid Podcast. Skeptoid Media, 2 Oct 2012. Web. 23 Apr 2018. <http://skeptoid.com/episodes/4330>

References & Further Reading

Bowers, K. Hypnosis for the Seriously Curious. Monterey: Brooks, 1976.

Braid, J. Neurypnology. London: J. Churchill, 1853.

Ezzell, C. "Scientific American Gets Hypnotized: Our Staff Sees What It's Like to Go Under." Scientific American. 1 Jul. 2001, Volume 285, Number 1: 54.

Horton, J. Hypnotizability and Corpus Callosum Morphology (Dissertation). Blacksburg: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1999.

Nash, M. "The Truth and the Hype of Hypnosis." Scientific American. 1 Jul. 2001, Volume 285, Number 1: 46-55.

Weitzenhoffer, A., Hilgard, E., Kihlstrom, J. Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C. Stanford: Stanford University, 1996.

Copyright ©2018 Skeptoid Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Rights and reuse information

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The facts and the fiction of one of the most intriguing psychological phenomena. by Brian Dunning Filed under General Science Skeptoid Podcast #330 | October 2, 2012 Podcast transcript Download | Subscribe Also available in Russian Listen: http://skeptoid.com/audio/skeptoid-4330.mp3 Today we're going to point the skeptical eye at a topic that's intrigued nearly everyone who's thought about it: hypnosis.

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How Hypnosis Works Hypnosis has long been a popular plot in comic books, but is hypnosis real? or is it just a placebo effect?. How Hypnosis Works Make sure to SUBSCRIBE!

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Beauty is nothing without brains

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Brain controls you if someone controls your brain.......

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Brain controls you if someone controls your brain.......

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1his work was generously supported by the NationalInstitute on Aging (R01-AG29411, R21-AG29840) and theAlzheimer’s association

Source website

www.human-memory.net/types_episodic.html

1.Aggleton JP, Brown MW (1999). Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal-anterior thalamic axis.Behav Brain Sci22: 425–444 discussion 444-89.

2.Ally BA, Gold CA, Budson AE (2009a). An evaluation of recollection and familiarity inAlzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment using receiver operatingcharacteristics.Brain Cogn69: 504–513.

3.Ally BA, Gold CA, Budson AE (2009b). The picture superiority effect in patientswith Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment.Neuropsychologia47:595–598.

4.Alvarado MC, Bachevalier J (2005). Comparison of the effects of damage to theperirhinal and parahippocampal cortex on transverse patterning and locationmemory in rhesus macaques.J Neurosci25: 1599–1609.

5.Baddeley A, Vargha-Khadem F, Mishkin M (2001). Preserved recognition in a caseof developmental amnesia: implications for the acquisition of semantic memory?J Cogn Neurosci13: 357–369.

6.Bakker A, Kirwan CB, Miller M, Stark CE (2008). Pattern separation in the humanhippocampal CA3 and dentate gyrus.Science319: 1640–1642

.Bayley PJ, O’Reilly RC, Curran T, Squire LR (2008). New semantic learning inpatients with large medial temporal lobe lesions.Hippocampus18: 575–58

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question 1:How can information be communicated to readers of different background?

answer:

1. Scientists should use good lines of communication with journalists.

2. To have better communication between public and researchers, public should ask for evidences.They should not blindly accept what they say.

3.Scientists also look at public confidence in their knowledge considering issues such as gender of those taking, don't know boxes.

questions 2:What is the motive of this research?

answer:The ability to encode and retrieve our daily personal experiences, called episodic memory, is supported by the circuitry of the medial temporal lobe (MTL), including the hippocampus, which interacts extensively with a number of specific distributed cortical and subcortical structures. In both animals and humans, evidence from anatomical, neuropsychological, and physiological studies indicates that cortical components of this system have key functions in several aspects of perception and cognition, whereas the MTL structures mediate the organization and persistence of the network of memories whose details are stored in those cortical areas.

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Episodic memory involves the ability to learn, store, and retrieve

information about unique

personal experiences that occur in daily life. These memories typically include informa tion about the time and place of an event, as well as detailed information

about the event itself.Scientist conducted various researches,one search was conducted in 1880 by Brown and Schafer on monkeys temporal lobe from where episodic memory came into being.Many experience of surgeons about Amnesia how it occurs are mentioned.All,someway or other focused on mid temporal lobe.Many searches were done on animal to prevent Amnesia.

Further areas of brain consisting of episodic memory are mentioned which are basically prefrontal cortex,hippocamus.It is also seen that with aging the above mentioned parts become weaker and memory becomes weak.Studies also reveals that depression,stress seems to affect memory system causing epilepsy,hipopocampal selerosis,lalzheimer's deasease.