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The Nature and Scope of Survey Research

Suverys are said to be quantitative in nature,  emphsises the need for objectivity and scientific design.

The Survey is also said to be both explanatory and descriptive. Survery research is done for the use of both the private and public sector to study a certain issue of a population of interest by using census or polls.

The census is an important area of survey research. The poulation and housing census being one of the most popular ones. It is used to gather infomation of the population strucures and change in geographic.

Other types of Survey research include the sample survey, the labor force survey, demographic survery, economic survey, market survey and opinion polls.

Several agencies such as the public sector, private sector, non-governmental organizations, academic institutions and regional and internations organizations all use survey research for a specific purpose. Most use surveys to gain knowledge and information to help in decision making.

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Survey Instrumentation

The Survey Instrument involves the design, development of instruments for collect of data for measurement and evaluation.

Survey instruments are used to obtain information for a survey. It is also used as an instrument of measurement and evaluate data and assisting with reliability and validity of the research process.

One of the most important survey instruments is the questionnaire. In order to be useful careful attention must be paid to the contruction and developing of the questionnaire.

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From Abstract Concept to Measurement

Three important aspects to the survey research are conceptualization, operationalization and measurement.

Conceptualization is the way in which meanings charateristics are retrive from a concept and  bring them to life.

Operationalization involves moving the research process from teh stage of assigning to meaning, oberavations, indictaors and indices are formed.

Measurment is the process of development and attaching numbers or labels to attributes to show representation of a unit of analysis.

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Data Presentation and Ethical Considerations

The target audience would determine the way in which data is presented and the content which would be presented in the form of graphs, charts or tables.

There are several ethical issues when conducting a survey such as consent, harm, privacy, deception and plagiarism.

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Elements of Survey Sampling

The elements of survery sampling is the population, sample and sampling.

Population includes all the elements which would include the people, events and objects that would be used as part of the research. A population would involve the namely content, units and extent and time.

The population parameter is also of significance.  It is the measurement which is the mean, proportion or standard deviation used to describe the population of interest.

A sample is a subset of the population of interest from which conclusions and inferences are made.

Sampling error is also of importance to the survey. One of the ways to reduce sampling errors is by increasing the sampling size and ensuring that teh sample is representative.

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Data Analysis

In analysis data inferential and descriptive statistics are used. Descriptive is the process where by data is collected and organized by using samples or from the population. Inferential indicates the level of confidence when inferring results from a population sample.

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Data Processing

Involves the editing and coding of information from a survey to ensure quality and for analysis.  Data was to be error free and complete for analysis.

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Survey Data Collection and related procedures

The data collection part of the survey is said to be the most exhaustive part of the survey and requires the most finance.

The survey budget is of great importance here and would include the data collection task, amount time needed for each task and the number and type of personnel need for task.

The mode of data collection would affect the quality of the survey therefore one must select a mode carefully in order to get the results they need.

The mode of collections would include  mail survey, self-administered questionnaires, email survey, telephone and face to face interviews.

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Sampling Design for survey research

The sampling design is a set of rules on how to case should be selected to form part of the study. There are two types of sampling design that is probability sampling and non-probability sampling.

There are several factors which would affect the choice of sampling size would include the purpose fo the study and the availability of resources.

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The Research Process can be defined as a means of gather information for a specific purpose. There is a need for the reseach process to be scienticific in nature.

Th research process also involves qualitative and quantitative data. Quantitative having to do with numbers and qualitative studies are done using impressions and words.

The research process includes :

1) Selecting a topic

2) Developing a research topic or questions

3)Formulating hypothesis

4)Make decisions about research design

5) Collection of data

6) Evaluation of data quality

7) Analysis of data

8)Interpretion of results or findings

9)Assessing merit of hypothesis

10) Dissemination of results or inform stakeholders