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                                  INTRODUCTION

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                                  INTRODUCTION

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Our food should be nourishing and safe to eat, but…

But more than 10,000 chemicals are allowed in food sold in the U.S. Some are direct additives, such as preservatives like butylated hydroxy anisole, or BHA, and butylated hydroxytoluene, or BHT, which are intentionally added to processed food. Others are so-called indirect additives, like heavy metals, which contaminate food during processing, storage, and packaging.

So, what is Organic food?
Fresh or processed food produced by organic farming methods. Organic food is grown without the use of synthetic chemicals, such as human-made pesticides and fertilizers, and does not contain genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Organic foods include fresh produce, meats, and dairy products as well as processed foods such as crackers, drinks, and frozen meals. The market for organic food has grown significantly since the late 20th century, becoming a multibillion-dollar industry with distinct production, processing, distribution, and retail systems.

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                                    Categorization

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                                    Categorization

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What are the types of organic food?
The USDA guidelines describe organic foods on product labels as:

100% organic: This label is used on certified organic fruits, vegetables, eggs, meat, or other foods that have one ingredient. It may also be used on food items with many ingredients if all the items are certified organic, except for salt and water. These may have a USDA seal.

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                                    Categorization

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                                    Categorization

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What are the types of organic food?

Organic.

Organic. If a food with many ingredients is labeled organic, at least 95% of the ingredients are certified organic, except for salt and water. The items that aren't organic must be from a USDA list of approved additional ingredients. These also may have a USDA seal.

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                                     Categorization

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                                     Categorization

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Made with organic.

 If a product with many ingredients has at least 70% certified organic ingredients, it may have a "made with organic" ingredients label. For example, a breakfast cereal might be labeled "made with organic oats." The ingredient list must show what items are organic. These products can't carry a USDA seal.

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                                 Categorization

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                                 Categorization

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ORGANIC INGREDIENTS

 If a product has some organic ingredients but less than 70% of the ingredients are certified organic, the product can't be labeled as organic. It also can't carry a USDA seal. The ingredient list can show which ingredients are organic.

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                                    Conclusions

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                                    Conclusions

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Knowledge gaps and future research needs

It is increasingly accepted that there can be nutritionally relevant composition differences between organic and conventional foods and there is some evidence for potential benefits of organic food consumption from human cohort studies. However, considerable uncertainty/controversy remains on whether or to what extent these composition differences affect human health.