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http://iroquoistribe.weebly.com/shelter.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yw5Nufkp-Wc

https://nativeamericans.mrdonn.org/northeast/iroquois/longhouses.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qFoW80m9Jkw

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Mohawk Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Longhouse | The New York State Museum

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The French explorer, Samuel de Champlain, traveled and lived among the Huron Haudenosaunee of Ontario, Canada, in the early 1600s, and left descriptions of longhouses and longhouse life among these people.

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https://nativeamericans.mrdonn.org/northeast/iroquois/warriors.html

https://exhibitions.nysm.nysed.gov/iroquoisvillage/constructionthree.html

https://www.haudenosauneeconfederacy.com/historical-life-as-a-haudenosaunee/food-and-hunting/

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It is about what weapons the Iroquois used to hunt and to battle in wars.

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https://mrnussbaum.com/iroquois-diet

https://kids.kiddle.co/Iroquois#Food

https://quatr.us/nativeamerican/iroquois-food-iroquois-people-eat.htm

https://theiroquoisstory.weebly.com/iroquois-food-and-agriculture.html

https://www.brainybeginningsnetwork.com/single-post/three-sisters-planting-craft

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Food And Hunting - Haudenosaunee Confederacy

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The Haudenosaunee were well known for agricultural skill. Partly due to the practice of planting crops like corn, beans and squash, sometimes known as the three sisters, together to encourage growth. These three foods, grown together, made up a large portion of the Haudenosaunee diet. The versatilit…

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https://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/aborig/watercraft/wab03eng.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9vPTJvlxck

https://www.warpaths2peacepipes.com/native-american-life/birch-bark-canoe.htm

https://castleviewacademy.com/diy-cardboard-roll-canoe/

https://www.instructables.com/Craft-Canoe-Boat/

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History

Canoes were a necessity for northern Algonquian peoples like the Innu (Montagnais-Naskapi), Ojibwe, Wolastoqiyik ( Maliseet) and Algonquin. After sustained contact with Europeans, voyageurs used birchbark canoes to explore and trade in the interior of the country, and to connect fur trade supply lines with central posts, notably Montreal.

Samuel de Champlain noted the canoe's elegance and speed, and remarked that it was "the only craft suitable" for navigation in Canada. Artist and author Edwin Tappan Adney, who dedicated much of his life to the preservation of traditional canoe-making techniques, claimed that European boats were "clumsy" and "utterly useless;" and therefore, the birchbark canoe was so superior that it was adopted almost without exception in Canada. As such, most European explorers navigating inland Canada for the first time did so in birchbark canoes.

Construction

Birchbark was an ideal material for canoe construction, being smooth, hard, light, resilient and waterproof. Compared to other trees, the bark of the birch provided a superior construction material, as its grain wrapped around the tree rather than travelling the length of it, allowing the bark to be more expertly shaped. Birch trees were found almost everywhere across Canada, but where necessary, particularly west of the Rocky Mountains in the western Subarctic, spruce bark or cedar planks had to be substituted.

The skills required to build birchbark canoes were passed on through generations of master builders. The frames were usually of cedar, soaked in water and bent to the shape of the canoe. The joints were sewn with spruce or white pine roots, which were pulled up, split and boiled by Indigenous women. The seams were waterproofed with hot spruce or pine resin gathered and applied with a stick; during travel, paddlers re-applied resin almost daily to keep the canoe watertight. Canoes were often painted on the prow, depicting colours, drawings or company insignia. The shape of each canoe differed according to its intended use, as well as the traditions of the people who made it.

As the fur trade grew, increasing demand meant Indigenous producers could no longer supply all the canoes needed. Around 1750, the French set up a factory at Trois-Rivières.

Types of Canoes and Routes

The types of birchbark canoes used by Indigenous peoples and voyageurs differed according to which route it was intended to take and how much cargo it was intended to carry.

The famous canot du maître, on which the fur trade depended, was up to 12 m long, carried a crew of six to 12 and a load of 2,300 kg on the route from Montreal to Lake Superior . Past Lake Superior, the smaller canot du nord carried a crew of five or six and a cargo of 1,360 kg over the smaller lakes, rivers and streams of the Northwest. The canoes were propelled by narrow paddles with quick, continuous strokes, averaging 40-45 per minute.

The avant (bowsman) carried a larger paddle for maneuvering in rapids and the gouvernail (helmsman) stood in the stern. A canoe could manage 7 to 9 km per hour, and a special express canoe, carrying a large crew and little freight, could cover longer distances in typical 18 hour days.

Cultural Legacy

The canoe is a cultural mainstay in Canada. Its image is used as a symbol of national identity in countless iterations. For example, the 1935 Canadian silver dollar's reverse image, designed by Emanuel Hahn, depicts a voyageur and Indigenous person canoeing together in front of a windswept jack pine, under the northern lights, with a cargo of Hudson's Bay Company furs. The canoe is also featured in the Québécois folk storyLa Chasse-galerie, and is a popular choice for designers and marketers wishing to evoke a sense of Canadian identity.

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Canoes were a necessity for northern Algonquian peoples like the Innu (Montagnais-Naskapi), Ojibwe, Wolastoqiyik ( Maliseet) and Algonquin. After sustained contact with Europeans, voyageurs used birchbark canoes to explore and trade in the interior of the country, and to connect fur trade supply lines with central posts, notably Montreal.

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https://societies.learnquebec.ca/societies/iroquois-around-1500/fun-and-games/

http://www.lbrummer68739.net/miscellaneous-projects-gallery/fake-corn-husk-doll/

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Kids learn about Native American Indian entertainment including sports, games, music, and dancing. What they did for fun.