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Jozef Deresinski, Zalman Gradowski, Jankiel Handelsman, Ajzyk Kalniak, Lajb Langfus, Zalman Lewental, Lajb Panusz, Józef Warszawski, Ester Wajcblum, Ella Gärtner, Regina Safirsztain, Róza Robota, Israel Gutman and Jehuda Lerner.

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Explain what happened after the act(s) of resistance.  What was the final impact, or result?

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Explain what happened after the act(s) of resistance.  What was the final impact, or result?

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The final impact was Crematorium IV's gas chambers being destroyed, and the crematoria being extremely damaged. The final effect was that Crematorium IV being put out of service, most likely saving the lives of many other Jews. This may have also caused a little bit of reassurance or hope among the Jews in Auschwitz as they saw that if they put the work in, they might have a chance.

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A picture of Róża Robota who worked at a munitions factory and supplied gunpowder for the plan; her role was crucial and she had to do it or it wouldn't work.

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A gated off entrance to Auschwitz-Birkenau.

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On 7 October 1944, prisoners assigned to Crematorium IV at the Auschwitz-Birkenau death camp rebelled after learning that they were going to be killed.

Known as Sonderkommando, the prisoners were forced to assist in the mass killings of other prisoners, leading them from trains to the gas chambers and disposing of the mountains of corpses in the crematorium. If they refused, they themselves would be executed.

For months, Ester Wajcblum, Ella Gärtner, and Regina Safirsztain smuggled small amounts of gunpowder from a munitions factory within the Auschwitz complex to men and women in the camp's resistance movement. It was then passed it to the Sonderkommando, who made makeshift bombs and grenades.

The revolt began during a roll call in the afternoon when one of the prisoners attacked a Nazi officer with a hammer. The insurgents began to attack the SS from all sides with hammers, knives, and explosives. While the rebels killed three guards and blew up the crematorium and adjacent gas chamber, the Nazis defeated the revolt, killing 250 prisoners during the fighting, including mutiny leaders Załmen Gradowski and Józef Deresiński; another 200 prisoners were murdered after the mutiny was suppressed. While some prsio prisoners managed to cut through the fence and make it outside of the camp, some as far as the village of Rajsko, 4 kilometers away from the camp, they were apprehended by the SS.

The Sonderkommando consisted of 663 prisoners at the start of the rebellion. After the rebellion only 212 remained.

Following an investigation, the SS identified four Jewish female prisoners who had been involved in supplying the explosives used to blow up the crematorium. All four of them-Róża Robota, Ella Gaertner, Regina Safirsztajn, and Estera Wajcblum-were publicly hanged in January 1945, only three weeks before the camp would be liberated, when some 7,000 prisoners were set free. In the last moments before her death, Robota shouted, "Be strong and be brave."

The revolt followed similar acts armed Jewish resistance during the Holocaust, including in Treblinka and Sobibor, and ghetto revolts such as those in Bialystok and Warsaw.

It is estimated that at least 1.3 million people were deported to Auschwitz between 1940 and 1945; of those, at least 1.1 million were murdered, including approximately one million Jews, 74,000 Poles, 21,000 Roma, and 15,000 Soviet prisoners of war.

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This week in Jewish history | Prisoner attempt unsuccessful revolt at Auschwitz - World Jewish Congress

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While the rebels killed three guards and blew up the crematorium and adjacent gas chamber, the Nazis defeated the revolt, killing 250 prisoners during the fighting, including mutiny leaders Załmen Gradowski and Józef Deresiński; another 200 prisoners were murdered after the mutiny was suppressed.

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A picture of Jankiel Handelsman, a Sonderkommando that worked in Crematorium IV.

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October 7, 1944

On October 7, 1944, prisoners assigned to Crematorium IV at the Auschwitz-Birkenau killing center rebel after learning that they were going to be killed.

For months, young Jewish women, like Ester Wajcblum, Ella Gärtner, and Regina Safirsztain, had been smuggling small amounts of gunpowder from the Weichsel-Union-Metallwerke, a munitions factory within the Auschwitz complex, to men and women in the camp's resistance movement, like Róza Robota, a young Jewish woman who worked in the clothing detail at Birkenau. Under constant guard, the women in the factory took small amounts of the gunpowder, wrapped it in bits of cloth or paper, hid it on their bodies, and then passed it along the smuggling chain. Once she received the gunpowder, Róza Robota then passed it to her co-conspirators in the Sonderkommando, the special squad of prisoners forced to work in the camp's crematoria. Using this gunpowder, the leaders of the Sonderkommando planned to destroy the gas chambers and crematoria, and launch the uprising.

On October 7, 1944, having learned that the SS was going to liquidate much of the squad, the members of the Sonderkommando at Crematorium IV rose in revolt. The Germans crushed the revolt. Nearly 250 prisoners died during the fighting and guards shot another 200 after the mutiny was suppressed. Several days later, the SS identified five women, four of them Jewish, who had been involved in supplying explosives to blow up a crematorium used to burn the bodies of Nazi murder victims. All five women were killed.

Related Topics

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On October 7, 1944, prisoners assigned to Crematorium IV at the Auschwitz-Birkenau killing center rebel after learning that they were going to be killed.

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Fifteen brave souls worked together to end the madness going on at Crematorium IV. Most of the key leaders and people in this operation were from Poland, as Poland was the place where most deaths happened as over 3,000,000 Jews were killed in concentration and death camps there. Ester Wajcblum was from Będzin, Poland. Regina Safirsztain was born in Radom, Poland. Jehuda Lerner was born in Kalisz, Kalisz Country. Israel Gutman was born in Warsaw, Poland and Róża Robota was born in Ciechanów, Poland.

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This was one of the many leaders of the Sonderkommando revolt, Zalman Levental.

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Describe the Impact to the world/their country:

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Describe the Impact to the world/their country:

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These survivors fought for their lives and lived to tell the tale of their brutal journeys during the Holocaust. These survivors have educated many about their experiences through interviews, which can be accessed by anyone with technology. These events and stories may inspire many others to "use their hands, not their fists."-MLKJR

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Details: The Sonderkommando were Jewish prisoners who were forced to kill fellow Jews by leading them into gas chambers and then disposing of their bodies in a crematoria. The skills of the members involved in this operation were crucial as some of them were wrapping which allowed the 4 Jewish girls to hide the gunpowder on their bodies and get through security too. The girls got this gunpowder from a munitions factory where they worked, and if you don't know, a munitions factory is somewhere where you make weapons and tanks and rockets. It was the perfect place to collect gunpowder. The Sonderkommando also had "behind-the-scenes" access so they could probably tamper or drop a grenade or a bomb without sparking suspicion.
Dates: The girls collected gunpowder every day for a said amount of months up to a year and they would give the gunpowder to the Sonderkommando for them to craft the grenades and other explosives. And then on October 7, 1944, a Jewish prisoner struck a Schutzstaffel officer with a hammer and then hundreds of Jewish prisoners/insurgents started charging at other Schutzstaffel. Three officers were killed, and ten were injured but the revolt was shut down quickly. 250 Sonderkommando were killed and 200 prisoners were also killed leading to a massacre total of over 450 Jewish prisoners.
Important Facts: If the men weren't chosen to be Sonderkommando, they wouldn't be able to meet or place/plant the explosives all over the crematoria when it came time for the revolt. If the people involved in the revolt didn't have certain skills, like wrapping, the revolt would be close to impossible because the prisoners would have no offensive attacks and the Schutzstaffel officers would gunned them down on the spot. Second, if the girls didn't have the courage or the case would be that no one that worked in the armaments factory wanted to participate in the revolt, there would be no way to destroy or damage the crematoria, which was the entire point of the revolt.

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This is also a picture of another of one of the many leaders of the Sonderkommando Revolt, Zalman Gradowski.