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Palaeolithic (Pebbles, Flake tools, blade tools)
Mesolithic( Microlith ,hunting ,Gathering Fishing ,Animal Domestication )
Neolithic: Food production

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Indus Valley Civilisation (2500 BCE -1000 BCE) 

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Indus Valley Civilisation (2500 BCE -1000 BCE) 

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Starting of Urbanisation
Literate
Agriculture bases society
Large cities

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Aryans and Vedic age (1500 BCE - 600 BCE) 

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Aryans and Vedic age (1500 BCE - 600 BCE) 

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Rig Veda
Sama Veda
Yajur Veda
Atharva Veda

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Mauryan age, Gupta age ,Harsha,Chalukyas (600BCE-750BCE) 

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Mauryan age, Gupta age ,Harsha,Chalukyas (600BCE-750BCE) 

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Starting of early Medieval period ( 750-1000CE ,1000-1200CE)

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Starting of early Medieval period ( 750-1000CE ,1000-1200CE)

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Palas , Pratiharas,Rashtrakutas
Tripartite struggle
After Tripartite Struggle ---> Turkish Invasion (Mahmud Gazhni )
He looted Somnath temple of Gujarat and took away the loot to Ghazni

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Battle of Tarain
With the defeat of Prithvi Raj we see establishment of Delhi Sultanate
Five Dynasties emerged
1. Slave
2. Khaljis
3. Tughalq
4. Sayyids
5. Lodis

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1. Qutaubbin Aibak
2. IItutmish
3. Razia Sultana
4.Ghiyasuddin Balban ( Sijdah and Paibos )

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1. Jalauddin Khalji
2. Alauddin Khalji
Market regulation

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Ghiyasuddin Tughluq
Muhammad Bin
Firoz Shah
(https://youtu.be/P0UnV2aDa_w)

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Feroz Shah Tughlaq: The Last (almost) Tughlaq

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Khizir Khan (appointed by Timur )
Founded Sayyid Dynasty
2. Mubarak Shah Sayyid (introduced his coins)
3. Muhammad Shah Sayyid
4. Alauddin Alam (son of Muhammad )

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1. Bahlul Lodi (!451-1489)
He extended the boundaries of Sultanate to parts of Punjab and Bihar
2. Sikander Lodi (!489-1517 )
Nizam Shah or Sikander Lodi
extended the boundaries till Bihar and Bengal .He also undertook welfare measures like lowering the prices of commodities,
3. Ibrahim Lodi :
First battle of Panipat in 1526 and defeated the latter leading to the establishment of Mughal Empire
Last ruler of Lodi dynasty was Ibrahim Lodi

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In the north of Kashmir was  ruled by Zain -ul-Abidin.
In north west Marwar became independent under Maharaja Jodha ,Mewar was under two very strong and powerful rulers ,Rana Khubha and Rana Sangha

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Documentary :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=anQWopp1NCo

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Talking History |8| Delhi: The foundation of Mughal Empire

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youtube.com/watch?v=BTUfu87DI7Y

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1. Humayun :
Babur was succeeded by his eldest son Humayun.
Following Turko-Mughal practice, he divided the empire among his brothers.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tho5kTf8zIo

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Humayun - The battles of Chausa and Kannauj | Class 7 - History | Learn With BYJU'S

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Humayun was facing attacks from afghan and he also received the news that Bahadur Shah had conquered Malwa.
Babur divided the empire into 4-5 regions and gave each son to rule over those territories.
This was also one of the reasons Humayun faced difficulties.  (lack of Centralised Empire)
Challenges faced by Humayun :
Sher Shah Suri and Bahadur Shah from Malwa were significant challenges he faced.
Because Bahadur Shah moved toward the Mughal frontier Humayun was forced to enter into a treaty with Sher Shah Suri
This treaty allowed Sher Shah to gain complete control over Banaras.
In 1539, Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun in the Battle of Chuasa, and in 1540 in the battle of Kannauj. Humayun fled to Sindh and then to Persia.

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Humāyūn was fatally injured by falling down the staircase of his library. His tomb in Delhi built several years after his death, is the first of the great Mughal architectural masterpieces; it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1993.

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1. Bahlul Lodi : Establishment of Afghan Rule In Hindustan after defeating Sayyid.
2.When Bahlul Lodi died Sher Muhmmad Shah was appointed as Deputy Governor of Bihar. He consolidate his position.
3. Sher Shah consolidated reorganised his army partly on tribal lines and partly along the lines of Alauddin Khaliji's system.
4. Sher Shah was capable military and civil administrator
5. Criminals cases were dealt by a " Qazi" and mir-i-adal

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Humayun appointed Akbar as the governor of Punjab.
He also appointed Bairam Khan, as his son's Guardian.
1556: Second battle of Panipat (Haryana)
can you recall when the first battle of Panipat was fought?
On becoming the Sultan he immediately lost Delhi and Agra to Hemu.
Akbar Defeated Hemu in the second battle of Panipat.
When Akbar turned 18 he assumed control over the administration and ended the legacy of Bairam Kham.

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Expansion and consolidation of Empire by Akbar 

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Expansion and consolidation of Empire by Akbar 

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After the death of Humayun Akbar was appointed as Governor of Punjab. He also appointed his general, Bairam Khan as his son's guardian. Within a few months of his becoming governor, he lost Delhi and Agra to hemu. He wanted to establish an Afghan ruler.
In 1556, Akbar defeated and killed Hemu in the Second battle of Panipat.
When Akbar turned 18 he assumed control over administration and ended the regency of Bairam Khan.

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Empire was  extended from Afghanistan to the Bay of Bengal and Southward to Gujarat and northward to Deccan region.
One of the notable features of Akbar's government was extent of Hindu ruler especially Rajput rulers.
Discrimination against non Muslims were reduced.
He abolished jajjiya in lieu of  military services.
Emperor created din-i-ilaahi

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Akbar was succeeded by  son Salim. He assumed title Jahangir meaning conqueror of world.
He followed policy of peaceful co-existence on lines of Akbar.
He maintained cordial relation with other Rajput ruler.
Khusru :
In  1606:   Khusru rebelled against father to secure throne for himself.
Jahangir successfully crushed the revolt by his son Prince Khusrau in alliance with Raja Man Singh.

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Prince Khurram (Shah Jahan) succeeded to the throne after revolting against his father.
The period of Shah Jahan's rule is regarded as the " Golden Age " of Indian architecture.
He constructed numerous beautiful monuments.

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All the four sons of Shah Jahan : Dara Shikoh,Murad ,Shah Shuja, and Aurangzeb wanted to ascend the throne.
Shah Jahan was  overthrown by a rebellion led by his son Aurangzeb.
He imposed Jaziya on the non muslims in 1969 to provide more funds to the state.

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Islamic state was always a theocratic state, Akbar laid the foundation of secular state.

Mughals continued with Sher Shah system of gov  consisting  of Sarkars(district) and Parganas.

provincial region ---> region was divided into jagirs which were held by various military officers.

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Mughal empire decline after death of Aurangzeb in 1707