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What impact did the scientific and technological advancements in the renaissance make on scientific discoveries?

The Renaissance was a period of significant scientific and technological advancements that laid the foundation for modern science and greatly increased our understanding of the natural world. Firstly, communication has been made easier and more efficient due to the invention of the printing press (“Constitutional Rights Foundation”). Made it possible to produce books and other printed materials more efficiently and at a lower cost. This led to a widespread dissemination of knowledge and ideas, which continues to shape how we communicate and share information today. Secondly, Science and medicine has been able to advance due to the invention of the telescope and microscope. It has enabled scientists and doctors to study the natural world and the human body in new and more detailed ways (“Constitutional Rights Foundation”). These technologies continue to be used today in fields such as astronomy, biology, and medicine, helping us to better understand and treat diseases. Thirdly, advancements in navigation technology, such as the compass, made during the Renaissance played an important role in the Age of Exploration and continues to be important for modern-day transportation and logistics (“Compass | National Geographic Society”). These technological advancements have played a crucial role in modern-day science, enabling us to study and understand the natural world in new and more detailed ways. They have also provided the foundation for many of the technologies that we use today, such as telescopes, microscopes, and GPS. Furthermore, the advancements in printing press made it possible to disseminate scientific knowledge more widely and efficiently. (Nina, Maysa, Serene)

“Compass | National Geographic Society.” Nationalgeographic.org, 2022, education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/compass. Accessed 25 Jan. 2023.

“Constitutional Rights Foundation.” Crf-Usa.org, 2022, www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-24-3-b-gutenberg-and-the-printing-revolution-in-europe#:~:text=Johann Gutenberg’s invention of movable,split apart the Catholic Church.. Accessed 25 Jan. 2023.

Microscope - WH1 Sem1: European Renaissance. “Microscope - WH1 Sem1: European Renaissance.” Google.com, 2023, sites.google.com/a/brvgs.k12.va.us/wh1-sem1-european-renaissance/microscope. Accessed 25 Jan. 2023.

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To what extent does the pressure of acceptance in social media, push people to hide their true identity?

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What impact did the scientific and technological advancements in the renaissance make on scientific discoveries?

Renaissance is one of the greatest periods in human history. There were countless inventions and technological advancements that allowed further discoveries that are important to this day (“SSD Public Website: Renaissance: Inventions, Discoveries and More”). One of the important discoveries is the microscope. The microscope was invented in 1590, which was invented to magnify what the human eye cannot see (Lesso). After the invention of the microscope, humans were able to explore and understand our world better. Microscopes are a significant tool for humans to understand the existence of cells (“Exploring with Microscopes”). Microscopes weren’t the only tool that was invented for the enhancement of human vision. The telescope was invented in 1608 and allowed people to “see things far away as if they were nearby” (Lesso). This invention derived further important discoveries about the universe, such as Galileo Galilei and Issac Newton’s studies.

Another great technological advancement was brought by the invention of the printing press. “Johann Gutenberg’s invention of movable-type printing quickened the spread of knowledge, discoveries, and literacy” (Cartwright). With this invention, people could make many more copies of books much more quickly. This not only led to a faster and more efficient spread of knowledge at the time but also allowed modern-day researchers to recover many more written sources from these ages than ever before. Thanks to Gutenberg’s printing press, historians were able to retrieve much of the past, lost knowledge. Furthermore, with the printing press allowing people to better communicate with each other, different people from different states and regions were able to share their ideas and collaborate, and this caused even more inventions to be created in the renaissance.

Scientific and technological advancements from the renaissance like the microscope, telescope, the printing press, and many more, allowed people to acquire important knowledge that is the base of what we know now, the starting point from where modern society was able to develop. Everything we now know was built up starting from these innovations.

Works Cited

“SSD Public Website: Renaissance: Inventions, Discoveries and More.” Salem School District, 6 September 2022, https://sau57.org/c.php?g=332382&p=2231781. Accessed 23 January 2023.

“Exploring with Microscopes – Introduction.” Science Learning Hub, Science Learning Hub, 2021, www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/489-exploring-with-microscopes-introduction#:~:text=Microscopes%20are%20the%20tools%20that,how%20rocks%20change%20over%20time.

Lesso, Rosie. “What Were the Best Inventions of the Renaissance? (Top 5).” TheCollector, TheCollector, 10 Feb. 2022, www.thecollector.com/best-renaissance-inventions/.

Cartwright, Mark. “The Printing Revolution in Renaissance Europe.” World History Encyclopedia, 2 November 2020, https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1632/the-printing-revolution-in-renaissance-europe/. Accessed 23 January 2023.

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What impact did the scientific and technological advancements in the renaissance make on scientific discoveries?

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How has AI changed our process of producing knowledge?

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How do photo and video-based applications impact the way we interact with knowledge? (Serene, Nina, and Maysa)

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To what extent do scientific technological advancements change our perception of the world?

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How does the algorithm in social media shape different self-perspectives?

Self perspective is defined as an individuals perspective of themselves. This includes the physical, mental, and social traits that make up a person (Bem’s, 2022). One's  perspective plays important role in the life as in their life for many reasons. For instance, a person with anorexia will have a completely different experience with food compared to a person with a healthy body image. Their self-perspective is vital factor in their everyday life. Within the media world, user typically consume media that is relatable or is intriguing to them (DMI, 2021). This is where algorithms come to play, directing consumers to the media that relates to their interests and personal traits. This algorithm will encourage the consumers to consume more media. Self perspective may be shaped by social media as well.  Social media algorithms are designed to personalize the content that users see in their feeds by using data such as their browsing history, search history, and interactions with other users. This is done to make the content that users see more relevant and interesting to them. The algorithm takes into account a user's interests, demographics, location, and other factors to curate the content that is shown to them. However, personalization can have a negative effect on one's perspective. Users are only exposed to content that confirms their existing beliefs and opinions, and are not exposed to diverse perspectives. This can lead to the reinforcement of biases and a lack of exposure to alternative viewpoints. Additionally, social media algorithms can also exploit users' psychological vulnerabilities to keep them engaged with the platform, potentially leading to addiction and other negative effects. (Nina, Maysa, Serene)

Barnhart, Brent. “How to Rise above Social Media Algorithms.” Sprout Social, 26 Mar. 2021, sproutsocial.com/insights/social-media-algorithms/. Accessed 12 Jan. 2023.

‌Meadows, The. “Social Media’s Problem with Predatory Algorithms | the Meadows.” The Meadows of Wickenburg, Arizona, 12 Apr. 2022, www.themeadows.com/blog/social-medias-problems-with-predatory-algorithms/#:~:text=Because%20social%20media%20algorithms%20will,niche%20or%20extreme%20in%20nature.. Accessed 12 Jan. 2023.

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(Bem's Self-Perception Theory | Self-Perception Examples Video. “Bem’s Self-Perception Theory | Self-Perception Examples - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com.” Study.com, 2022, study.com/academy/lesson/self-perception-theory-definition-and-examples.html#:~:text=Self%2Dperspective%20is%20a%20term,mind%20about%20who%20they%20are.. Accessed 12 Jan. 2023.)

DMI, Simon. “20 Surprising Influencer Marketing Statistics.” Digital Marketing Institute, Digital Marketing Institute, 19 Oct. 2021, digitalmarketinginstitute.com/blog/20-influencer-marketing-statistics-that-will-surprise-you. Accessed 12 Jan. 2023.

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A filter bubble is an algorithm that selectively guesses what information a user would like to see based on his previous searches and his personal information like age range and location.

Filter bubbles create a “unique universe of information for each of us … which fundamentally alters the way we encounter ideas and information” (Street, 2017). Often this results in us only being shown articles and posts that support our current opinions and perspectives, to ensure that we like what we see and keep watching. This can become problematic as it can trick us into thinking that everybody shares our opinion and don’t even acknowledge the others’ perspectives, especially in a political context. For example, in the voting for Brexit, the majority of people who voted to leave the EU were of an older demographic who were not online often (Street, 2017). Those who voted to stay were of a younger demographic, who are more frequently online, which indicates that they had access to specific filtered information that manipulated their view (Street, 2017). This phenomenon can be harmful for the pursuit of knowledge as what we are shown isn’t the full picture of how things really are, like in the context of Brexit, both sides of the argument. This can lead to us becoming biased and also keeps us from expanding our knowledge and making the best decision. Another example is that Google gives individual users different results depending on their search history (Street, 2017). When two users searched for information regarding British Petroleum, one user had results about investing, and the other had results on oil spills (Street, 2017). Again, this prevents us from getting the full picture of a topic.

Filter bubbles can alter our bias and thoughts in ways that are manipulative and against our will. Therefore, it’s important to stay aware when we are online.

Works Cited

Street, Farnam. “How Filter Bubbles Distort Reality: Everything You Need to Know - Farnam Street.” Farnam Street, 31 July 2017, fs.blog/filter-bubbles/. Accessed 12 Jan. 2023.

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How does the algorithm in social media shape different self-perspectives?

Social media platforms use algorithms that are influenced my the content that users expose themselves to to shape different self perspectives (How To) A series of data points are used: user's browsing history, search queries, and engagement with certain posts to personalize the content that is shown to them makes up much of the algorithms purpose  (How Much). This data is then used in a way that can create a phenomenon known as a filter bubble in such a case the user is only exposed to perspectives on issues that align with not only preexisting beliefs but also values and norms which does not allow growth (How To). The user is exposing themselves to notions and ideas that only conform with theirs will create a system of bias. Moreover, algorithms influence our mental health (How Much). There is heavy emphasis on self-worth this is done through usage of high engagement posts, which have certain trigger factors such as beauty etcc.. Which promotes an idealized perception of reality. It is evident that the impact of algorithms on our world is alarming and incredibly harmful in allowing us to grow our opinions, values and beliefs.

Works Cited

“How Much Do Social Media Algorithms Influence Your Worldview? | KQED Education.” KQED, 8 Apr. 2022, www.kqed.org/education/535751/how-much-do-social-media-algorithms-influence-your-worldview. Accessed 12 Jan. 2023.

Barnhart, Brent. “How to Rise above Social Media Algorithms.” Sprout Social, 26 Mar. 2021, sproutsocial.com/insights/social-media-algorithms/. Accessed 12 Jan. 2023.

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How can filter bubbles be harmful in the pursuit of knowledge when using technology for research purposes?

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How does algorithm in social media shape different self perspective?

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How do consumers' and producers' perspectives of social media differ regarding addictive tendencies?

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How has social media affected the way we access and share knowledge?

Social media has had a significant impact on the way we access and share knowledge. On one hand, it has made information more readily available and accessible to a wider audience. On the other hand, it has also raised concerns about the reliability and accuracy of the information that is shared, in particular there is a greater potential for misinformation to spread.

In terms of access to information, social media has made it easier for people to consume content that is of interest to them. Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Reddit provide users with personalized feeds that are tailored to their interests and preferences, making it easy to discover new information and perspectives. However, this could cause significant biases as people tend to seek information that abides by their morals, and values. As a result, people are now exposed to a wider range of information and perspectives than ever before. It has also affected the way people are employed, employers are now easily able to access websites like Linkedln in order to employ new people to partake in important roles within an organization (University Canada West).

In terms of sharing knowledge, social media has made it easy for individuals to share information with a large audience quickly and easily. Users can share articles, videos, and other forms of content with a single click, making it easy to disseminate information to a large group of people. Additionally, social media platforms provide users with the ability to add their own commentary and perspective to the information they share, making it easy for others to engage with and learn from their knowledge.

However, social media also has its downside when it comes to access and sharing knowledge. Social media platforms are vulnerable to misinformation and fake news spreading in their platforms, due to the speed of information dissemination and ease of sharing, which can make it difficult for users to verify the accuracy of the information they are consuming. Moreover, it is also possible for individuals to spread misinformation deliberately with the purpose of manipulating public opinion. For an example, during the United States 2016 election, numerous news sources spread misinformation “consisting of written pieces and recorded segments promoting false information or perpetuating conspiracy theories” (Ordway).

In conclusion, social media has had a significant impact on the way we access and share knowledge. On one hand, it has made information more readily available and accessible to a wider audience than ever before. On the other hand, it has also raised concerns about the reliability and accuracy of the information that is shared, as well as the potential for the spread of misinformation.

Ordway, Denise-Marie. “Fake News and the Spread of Misinformation: A Research Roundup.” The Journalist’s Resource, Sept. 2017, journalistsresource.org/politics-and-government/fake-news-conspiracy-theories-journalism-research/. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.

University Canada West. “How Has Social Media Emerged as a Powerful Communication Medium?” University Canada West (UCW), University Canada West, 28 Oct. 2021, www.ucanwest.ca/blog/media-communication/how-has-social-media-emerged-as-a-powerful-communication-medium/#:~:text=Social media’s influence has given,important roles within an organization.. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.

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Google is currently the most visited website in the world, with an average of 8.5 billion searches daily (Shaw, 2016). That being said, Google has a great impact on our knowledge today, as its convenience and speed provides a fast source of information for its users. In fact, Google can deliver millions of results within 0.19 seconds (Windsor, 2013). However this search engine can have both positive and negative effects.

Google offers various services. One of the best services that Google provides is Google maps. Google maps provide all the information needed to go to a destination, including the time consumed, possible transportation, and finding several different routes (Francis, 2015). Although google maps come in very handy when we are lost, it is changing the way people approach a problem (McMullan, 2014). As the directions come up automatically, people rarely think about finding their own way, limiting their ability to think and explore the city (McMullan, 2014). Because of this routine, users become more and more reliant on the map services, restricting their own process of thinking.

In the past people used to “work harder” in order to access the knowledge that we can now obtain in a matter of seconds. This can have a negative effect on our ability to retain information. Because the information is received so automatically and without any effort, we are more likely to forget the information (“Google”, 2018). The convenience involved with using Google discourages its users to actively learn and memorize the information, because they can simply search it up again (“Google”, 2018).

Another problem that could arise is the unreliability of resources: when students had to gather information for a research in the past they’d have to go all the way to a library and look for the book or encyclopedia that could provide the information they needed. Library books and encyclopedias are reliable sources, they’ve been written by professionals and real authors, many people have read them and benefitted from their knowledge. When we look up something online we can never be sure about who wrote what we are reading, whether he was an expert or not and whether we can trust him.

Works Cited

“Google Effect - the Decision Lab.” The Decision Lab, 2018, thedecisionlab.com/biases/google-effect. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.

“Knowledge and Technology.” TOK 2022: THEORY of KNOWLEDGE WEBSITE for the IBDP, 2022, www.tok2022.net/knowledge-and-technology.html. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.

McMullan, Thomas. “How Digital Maps Are Changing the Way We Understand Our World.” The Guardian, The Guardian, 2 Dec. 2014, www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/dec/02/how-digital-maps-changing-the-way-we-understand-world. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.

---. “How Digital Maps Are Changing the Way We Understand Our World.” The Guardian, The Guardian, 2 Dec. 2014, www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/dec/02/how-digital-maps-changing-the-way-we-understand-world. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.

Shaw, Mike. “Why Google Is the Best Search Engine (and Why Businesses Should Care).” Tower Marketing, Tower Marketing, 30 Sept. 2016, www.towermarketing.net/blog/google-best-search-engine/. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.

Wexelbaum, Rachel. “Is the Encyclopedia Dead? Evaluating the Usefulness of a Traditional Reference Resource.” Reference Reviews, vol. 26, no. 7, 14 Sept. 2012, pp. 7–11, 10.1108/09504121211270780. Accessed 30 Sept. 2020.

Windsor, Danny. “Why Is Google the Most Popular Search Engine? 7 Reasons Why.” Sleeping Giant Media, 11 June 2013, www.sleepinggiantmedia.co.uk/7-reasons-why-google-is-the-search-engine-of-choice/#:~:text=Speed,better%20than%20the%20other%20engines.. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.

Francis, H. (2015, February 13). 10 years of google maps: 10 ways it changed the world. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved January 10, 2023, from https://www.smh.com.au/technology/10-years-of-google-maps-10-ways-it-changed-the-world-20150212-13d7wq.html#:~:text=With%20Google%20Maps'%20Street%20View,instantly%20and%20with%20relative%20accuracy.

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The way we access and exchange knowledge has been greatly impacted by social media. It has considerably improved people's ability to communicate with others, no matter where they are in the world (Americans). As a result, information that was previously exclusively accessible to a small number of people has become widely available to anyone with an internet connection. There have been concerns over how social media will affect the spreading of knowledge. It can be challenging to evaluate the reliability of sources due to the volume of information on social media, and false information can spread quickly (Top 7). Additionally, users may only be exposed to content that supports their own opinions in echo chambers created by the algorithms used by social media companies. Overall, Social media has had a big impact on how we access and share knowledge.

Works Cited

Mitchell, Amy, et al. “Americans Who Mainly Get Their News on Social Media Are Less Engaged, Less Knowledgeable.” Pew Research Center’s Journalism Project, Pew Research Center’s Journalism Project, 30 July 2020, www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2020/07/30/americans-who-mainly-get-their-news-on-social-media-are-less-engaged-less-knowledgeable/. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.

Simplilearn. “Top 7 Impacts of Social Media: Advantages and Disadvantages.” Simplilearn.com, Simplilearn, 23 Feb. 2016, www.simplilearn.com/real-impact-social-media-article. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.

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How has social media affected the way we access and share knowledge?

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how has the increase in access to technology since the development of the iPhone impacted the way we interpret various sources?

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How has the increased access to google intervened with how humans seek knowledge?  (Serene, Nina, Maysa)

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Making deepfakes without the consent of the subject are legal in most locations globally (Vincent, 2022). In the United States there are only three states that have laws directly addressing deepfakes (Vincent, 2022). Deepfakes were first created in 2017 but, they’re popularity has skyrocketed. Over the course of 2019 the amount of deepfakes almost doubled going form a 7 964 videos to 14 678 (Vincent, 2022). While to some this is perceived as an impressive technological development, it is invasive to personal security. In a EEG study done, neural activity showed that participants were able to detect deepfakes 54% of the time (Melilo, 2022). However, they could only verbally identify deepfakes 37% of the time posing as a huge danger to public safety (Melilo, 2022). (Serene)
Sorting between real and fake news can be difficult. Especially considering the extensive amount of deep fakes and false information that is spread on social media. The power of misinformation can be negatively impactful, an example of this could be when Russia spread misinformation on the conflict in Ukraine. Russia prevented their citizens from accessing news from outside of Russia. This allowed Russia to spread false information on the conflict, and causes its citizens to believe the false information that is being spread. This false information can cause “irreversible damage to public understanding and trust.” Some signs that information is false could be unverifiable information, pieces written by nonexperts, and information that is not backed up by multiple sources.  (Nina)

Melillo, Gianna. “Study Finds Brains Can Subconsciously Detect Deepfakes.” The Hill, The Hill, 12 July 2022, thehill.com/changing-america/resilience/smart-cities/3555260-study-finds-brains-can-subconsciously-detect-deepfakes/. Accessed 15 Dec. 2022.

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Vincent, James. “UK Plans to Make the Sharing of Non-Consensual Deepfake 🤬 Illegal.” The Verge, The Verge, 25 Nov. 2022, www.theverge.com/2022/11/25/23477548/uk-deepfake-🤬-illegal-offence-online-safety-bill-proposal. Accessed 15 Dec. 2022.

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A significant amount of data, including potentially sensitive personal data, is used in AI processing. Some of it could be utilized for identifying purposes through analyses. Additionally, if data has been anonymized, there is a chance that it will be deanonymized (using AI) or that it was not effectively anonymized in the first place. highlights the moral and legal dilemma of how to protect user privacy while acquiring and using the data businesses require to run AI applications (Source 1). It is imperative that we assess the risk associated with the usage of AI, (El Khatib, et al).

AI-driven consumer products and autonomous systems are often equipped with sensors that generate and collect large amounts of data, without the consent of those they are taking the data from (Artifical Intelligence). These AI methods are being used to identify individuals who wish to remain anonymous, infer sensitive (personal) information about people from non-sensitive (more general) data, and to create profiles based on populations - scale data. These datasets are then used to make important decisions, which can potentially be life-changing. Although the this unconsented data is made anonymous regularly, AI can be used to reidentify these individuals.

Overall the implications of AI suggest that it cannot be trusted when it comes to retaining sensitive information and/or obtaining it ethically - not only pushing the foundries on or society yet moreover breaking them (El Khatib, et al).

Works Cited

“Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Data Privacy for Companies.” Consent Management Platform (CMP) Usercentrics, usercentrics.com/knowledge-hub/data-privacy-artificial-intelligence/.

“Artificial Intelligence | Privacy International.” Privacyinternational.org, 2021, privacyinternational.org/learn/artificial-intelligence. Accessed 15 Dec. 2022.

Curzon, James, et al. “Privacy and Artificial Intelligence.” IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence, 2021, pp. 1–1, 10.1109/tai.2021.3088084.

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Artificial intelligence can use people’s data in a number of ways, many of which are manipulative and take their user’s data with seemingly harmless intent. For example, Facebook reportedly had gathered data on each individual Facebook user through a seemingly harmless survey that consisted of a series of questions, which was used to build a psychological profile (The New York Times, 2018). This profile determined people who were easily manipulated, and they would be targeted with specific content that led them to vote for a certain party or individual in the political world. There’s a lack of transparency from major social media platforms on how much of its users’ data is being collected, and how much is being used, which is not illegal for these companies (Leetaru, 2018). Another example is the facial recognition system on our phones. This system is one of the examples of privacy issues that emerge due to the user’s consent and photographs (Kerry, 2022). Like this example, since Aritificial intelligence models depend on data quality to deliver important results, their existence depends on privacy protection. The discussion of AI in the context of the privacy debate often brings up the limitations and failures of AI systems (Kerry, 2022). Some of the challenges for privacy in AI includes Data persistence, which is data existing longer than the needs, data repurposing, which is data being used beyond their original purpose, and data spillover, which is data collected on people who are not the target of data collection (Pearce, 2021).

Works Cited

“Beware the Privacy Violations in Artificial Intelligence Applications.” ISACA, 2021, www.isaca.org/resources/news-and-trends/isaca-now-blog/2021/beware-the-privacy-violations-in-artificial-intelligence-applications. Accessed 15 Dec. 2022.

“Cambridge Analytica and Facebook: The Scandal and the Fallout so Far (Published 2018).” The New York Times, 2022, www.nytimes.com/2018/04/04/us/politics/cambridge-analytica-scandal-fallout.html. Accessed 15 Dec. 2022.

Kalev Leetaru. “Social Media Companies Collect so Much Data Even They Can’t Remember All the Ways They Surveil Us.” Forbes, 25 Oct. 2018, www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2018/10/25/social-media-companies-collect-so-much-data-even-they-cant-remember-all-the-ways-they-surveil-us/?sh=318c24b47d0b. Accessed 15 Dec. 2022.

Kerry, Cameron F. “Protecting Privacy in an AI-Driven World.” Brookings, Brookings, 10 Feb. 2020, www.brookings.edu/research/protecting-privacy-in-an-ai-driven-world/. Accessed 15 Dec. 2022.

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At what point should we stop trusting social media knowing that there are deepfakes, algorithms, and privacy issues that can intentionally manipulate our perspectives?

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How does Artificial Intelligence cross boundaries regarding the privacy of humans? (Nina, Serene, & Maysa)

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To what extent do the pros of technological advancements are ethical in social media?