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Two Divisions:
Sympathetic (SNS)
("Fight or Flight")
Parasympathetic (PNS)
("Rest & Digest")

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Source: Unit 2 ANS Part I Lecture Slides @ Slide #16

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(2-5-A) Sympathetic Neurotransmitters: Locations, Receptors, Organs & Responses

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(2-5-A) Sympathetic Neurotransmitters: Locations, Receptors, Organs & Responses

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Neurotransmitters:
Adrenergic Nerves Release:
norepinephrine (NE)
Adrenal Medulla Releases:
epinephrine (EPI)
NE & EPI Target
Adrenergic Receptors:
Alpha 1 & 2
Beta 1 & 2

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Source: Unit 2 ANS Part 2 Lecture Slides @ Slide #3

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(2-5-B) Parasympathetic Neurotransmitters: Locations, Receptors, Organs & Responses

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(2-5-B) Parasympathetic Neurotransmitters: Locations, Receptors, Organs & Responses

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Neurotransmitter:
Cholinergic Neurons Release:
acetylcholine (AcH)
AcH Targets Cholinergic Receptors:
Muscarinic
Cardiac, Smooth Muscle & Glands
Nicotinic 1 (Nn)
PNS nerve ganglia & SNS nerve synapses
Nicotinic 2 (Nm)
Somatic & NMJ of Skeletal Muscle

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(6-A) Sympathetic Division: Drug Classifications, Receptors & MOA

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(6-A) Sympathetic Division: Drug Classifications, Receptors & MOA

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Source: Unit 2 ANS Part I Lecture Slides:

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists @
Alpha-1 Receptors -->
muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, ++ BP, decongestant

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocker @
Alpha-1 Receptors -->
muscle relaxant, vasodilation, -- BP, ++ urine output

Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists@
Beta-1 Receptors -->
(Low) dopaminergic stimulant, ++ renal BF
(Mod) heart stimulant, ++ FOC/CO
(High) vasoconstrictor, ++ BP

Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists@
Beta-2 Receptors -->
lung, uterus muscle relaxant, bronchodilator

Selective Beta-1 Blockers@
Beta-1 Receptors -->
-- FOC, HR, CO, BP and conduction

Non-Selective Beta Blockers@
ALL Beta Receptors -->
-- FOC, HR, CO, BP and conduction, bronchoconstrictor

Adrenergic Agonists @
ALL Alpha & Beta Receptors -->
vasoconstriction, ++ BP, cardiac stimulant, bronchodilator

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(6-B) Parasympathetic Division: Drug Classifications, Receptors & MOA

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(6-B) Parasympathetic Division: Drug Classifications, Receptors & MOA

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Source: Unit 2 ANS Part II Lecture Slides

Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonists@
Muscarinic Receptors -->
mimics AcH = pupil constriction, bladder & GI tract stimulation

Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agonists@
Muscarinic Receptors -->
inhibits acetylcholinesterase to ++ AcH

Anti-Cholinergics (Parasympatholytics)@
Cholinergic Receptors -->
competitive antagonism w/ other drugs

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(7-A) Sympathetic Division: Specific Drug Examples

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(7-A) Sympathetic Division: Specific Drug Examples

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Source: Unit 2 Drug List

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists @
Alpha-1 Receptors -->
ephedrine
phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocker @
Alpha-1 Receptors -->
prazosin (Minipress)
terazosin (Hytrin)
doxazosin (Cardura)

Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists@
Beta-1 Receptors -->
dobutamine

Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists@
Beta-2 Receptors -->
formoterol (Foradil)
albuterol (Proventil / Ventolin)
terbutaline (Brethine)

Selective Beta-1 Blockers@
Beta-1 Receptors -->
atenolol (Tenormin)
metoprolol (Lopressor)

Non-Selective Beta Blockers@
ALL Beta Receptors -->
nadolol (Corgard)
propranolol (Inderal)
timolol (Blocadren)

Adrenergic Agonists @
ALL Alpha & Beta Receptors -->
epinephrine (Adrenalin)

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(7-B) Parasympathetic Division: Specific Drug Examples

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(7-B) Parasympathetic Division: Specific Drug Examples

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Source: Unit 2 Drug List

Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonists@
Muscarinic Receptors -->
acetylcholine (AcH)
pilocarpine (Pilocar)
bethanechol (Urecholine)

Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agonists@
Muscarinic Receptors -->
neostigmine (Prostigmin)

Anti-Cholinergics (Parasympatholytics)@
Cholinergic Receptors -->
atropine
dicyclomine (Bentyl)

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(7-C) Somatic System: Specific Drug Examples

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(7-C) Somatic System: Specific Drug Examples

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Source: Unit 2 Drug List

Peripheral - Skeletal Muscle Relaxants:

Depolarizing:
succinylcholine
Non-Depolarizing:
rocuronium bromide (Zemuron)
Direct Acting:
dantrolene (Dantrium)

Central - Skeletal Muscle Relaxants:
cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
carisoprodol (Soma)
methocarbamol (Robaxin)
orphenadrine citrate (Norflex)
chlorzoxazone (Parafon Forte DSC)
metazalone (Skelaxin)

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(7-D) Respiratory System: Specific Drug Examples

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(7-D) Respiratory System: Specific Drug Examples

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Source: Unit 2 Drug List

Mast Cell Stabilizers:
cromolyn sodium (Intal / Nasalcrom)

Bronchodilators:

Sympathomimetics / Beta-2 Agonists
albuterol (Proventil / Ventolin)
formoterol (Foradil)
terbutaline (Brethine)
salmeterol (Serevent)

Xanthine Derivative:
theophylline (Theo-Dur)
aminophylline (Paladron)

Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Inhibitor:
montelukast (Singulair)

Anticholinergic:
ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)

Combination Bronchodilator:
ipratropium bromide + albuterol sulfate (Combivent)

Antihistamines:

Generation I: (Sedatives)
brompheniramine (Dimetapp)
chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)
clemastine (Tavist)
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
hydroxyzine (Atarax)
promethazine (Phenergan)
azelastine (Asterlin / Astepro)

Generation II: (Non-Sedating)
loratadine (Claritin)
fexofenadine (Allegra)
cetirizine (Zyrtec)

Corticosteroids:
budesonide (Rhinocort / Pulmicort)
mometasone (Nasonex / Asmanex)
fluticasone (Flonase / Flovent)
flunisolide (Nasalide)
triamcinolone (Nasacort / Azmacort)

Antitussives

Narcotic:
hydrocodone (Hycodan)
codeine/guaifenesin (Robitussin AC)

Non-Narcotic:
dextromethorphan/guaifenesin (Robitussin DM)
benzonatate (Tessalon Perles)

Decongestants:
oxymetazoline (Afrin)
pheniramine (Dristan)
phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

Expectorant:
guaifenesin (Robitussin / Mucinex / Organidin)