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1. We do not understand the meaning
2. Yes. Hwæt/We/ ingear dagum/þeod cyninga/þrym/huða/æþelingas/elle[n/fremedon.
3. Danish, dutch, french, Anglo-saxon english "Tolkien"
4. þ(thorn) ; ð(Eth) (stumt d); æ ;
5. Languages were always connected and mixed before the birth of English

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Anglo-Saxon Chronicles (1050) (Andreia, Ulrich and Venus)

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Anglo-Saxon Chronicles (1050) (Andreia, Ulrich and Venus)

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1. We do not understand the meaning only a few words.
2. Lindisferne - Lindisfarne, in, on, land, martius - March
3. Latin, Danish
4. Her - here, cumene - come, hun - her, ofer - over, dracan - dragons, litel æfter - shortly after,
sona -soon
5. Danish from the Viking Invasions and Latin form Roman Ocupation (Martius). We can see agglutination, simple syntax, the spelling is a bit different (some are really close and others completely different). A lot of changes in phonetics.

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Recipe for small pastry castles from `The Forme of Cury`  1390 (Shelby, Olivia, Elias, Ole) 

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Recipe for small pastry castles from `The Forme of Cury`  1390 (Shelby, Olivia, Elias, Ole) 

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1. We do not understand
2. Apples, of, to, make, and, by, foot, man, pork, creme
3. Danish, latin, and German sentence structure
4. It sounds different, we don't know how to pronounce it exactly because we don't know if it is similar to Germanic or latin languages.
5. Culturally how they made pastries and used language for example vocabulary.

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The Canterbury Tales in Middle English with translation, lines 1 to 18 - YouTube

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The Canterbury Tales in Middle English with translation, lines 1 to 18

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Valentine's day love letter 1477 (Uta, Rossana, Virginia)

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Valentine's day love letter 1477 (Uta, Rossana, Virginia)

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Our understanding: The letter is from the point of view of a concerned lover. No one approves of their love, she nevertheless remains completely faithful to her fiancé.

Could decipher: my, lady, not, for, at, no, too, God, good, body, and, now, but...

Sounds like: some Germanic language, Northern-english accent, rolling "r".

It was easy to understand most of it, although some of the words did sound completely different. If we were able to read the original text (due to calligraphy) it would've been easier to pronounce the words.

Cultural understanding: Really similar language, common words that we still use today, tools for communication (letter).
Also marriage traditions.

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Songs written by Henry VIII 1518 :Gia, Mette & Florence 

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Songs written by Henry VIII 1518 :Gia, Mette & Florence 

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Yes, for us the songs' meaning is about having a good time with good company, either with friends or lovers.

dalyance (dalliance), pastaunce(pastance), plecyd (please), thynckyth(thinks), mynde(mind), Hunte(hunt), syng(sing), thoftes(thoughts), and daunce(dance);

Latin e.g vertu, Danish e.g syng

the letter y and i, (e.g., ys and is) today it is used differently

The change of sounds and letters do not affect the meaning of the context.

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Shakespeare's King Lear 1608 (Julie, Charlie and Jesper)

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Shakespeare's King Lear 1608 (Julie, Charlie and Jesper)

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Do you understand the meaning?

-       Not really.

Looking closer can you decipher some meaning in some of the words? Note the words, the spelling, grammatical endings, the word order.

-       Majority of the sentences have words with the ending -ee or -e, for example “thee”, “mee”, and “helpe”

-       The words are written how they sound

-       The word order, e.g., I don’t know you -> I know thee not.  (the negative word goes from beginning to the ending)

Which other languages help you decipher or can you spot parts of?

Which sounds are different from today’s English, can you pronounce them? Why can you easily, or can you not?

-       Carbonado -> it sounds like it has a latin origins

-       Horses / house -> without the h -sound

-       Shallow -> “shalla”

-       Fellow -> “fella”

Put into context: What is the cultural learning here? How does it link with linguistics (vocabulary, spelling, grammar, phonetics)?

-       A lot of extra vowels which has been shortened later

-       Words with a lot of hyphens which aren’t used nowadays, e.g., whorson-cullyonly-barber-munger

-       Strongly pronounced

-       Use of full stops is minimal

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A cure for the Plague 1665 (Adrien, Anna, Krisztina)

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A cure for the Plague 1665 (Adrien, Anna, Krisztina)

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1.    Do you understand the meaning?

Yes.

2.    Looking closer can you decipher some meaning in some of the words? Note the words, the spelling, grammatical endings, the word order.

Posset= British drink with milk and drink/ale

Canker, Thursh- soar throat,

Followeth (follows)

Random capitals letters (Vomiting, Child)

Very long sentences.

Talking a lot about God.

If children be very young (wrong form)

Beware of drinking (be aware of…)

Kind of the same grammatical endings

3.    Which other languages help you decipher or can you spot parts of?

German (capital letters for nouns, long sentences)

Dutch (Canker)

4.    Which sounds are different for today’s English, can you pronounce them? Why can you easily, or can you not?

Specific sign for S (looks like an S), but sounds the same.

5.    Put into context: What is the cultural learning here? How does it link with linguistics (vocabulary, spelling, grammar, phonetics)?

He talked the same way we do, but with older words. It is an advertisement paper which looks like the ads today.

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William Blake´s Notebook 1795 (Nina, Sonja, Leni)

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William Blake´s Notebook 1795 (Nina, Sonja, Leni)

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1. "London": understood the meaning

"The Tyger": had to look up the meaning

2. - descriptive language

- few unknown words, but some not used today

- different spelling (Tiger vs. Tyger)

- different word order than Modern English
-> reason: poem style?

3. - English ->latest version of the text
4. - Pronunciation: nothing noticeable, easy to pronounce, no difficulties
- thy instead of your
- charter´d -> dirty, marks of woe -> marks of sorrow
- unknown words: sinews, anvil -> question: unknown to us vs. old language?
5. - linguistics: new word inventions -> nobodaddy, thou, dost
- different spellings
- cultural Learning: hardship of living in big cities (London), questioning good vs. bad?