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Baum, Dan. “Legalize It All: A Gunman Kills 49 People with an AR-15 Assault Rifle at an Orlando Nightclub; Dan Baum Investigates Whether Gun-Control Laws Could Ever Stop the Weapon from Proliferating.” Harper’s Magazine, vol. April 2016, 1 Apr. 2016. harpers.org, https://harpers.org/archive/2016/04/legalize-it-all/.

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Bobo, Lawrence D., and Victor Thompson. “Unfair by Design: The War on Drugs, Race, and the Legitimacy of the Criminal Justice System.” Social Research, vol. 73, no. 2, 2006, pp. 445–72. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40971832. Accessed 28 Feb. 2023.

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Compton, Jack. Witness at El Paso Grand Jury Investigation. 1975, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/60116a55b36df87637f1f203/t/6110ffdcb3e98e1d1cbd8f7a/1628504035938/Compton+Affidavit+Part+1.pdf. Accessed 28 Feb 2023.

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Small, Deborah. “The War on Drugs Is a War on Racial Justice.” Social Research, vol. 68, no. 3, 2001, pp. 896–903. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40971924. Accessed 28 Feb. 2023.

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Clines, Francis X. Clines Special to The New York. “Harlem Leaders Back Life Terms for Drug Sale.” The New York Times, 23 Jan. 1973. NYTimes.com, https://www.nytimes.com/1973/01/23/archives/harlem-leaders-back-life-terms-for-drug-sale-say-rockefellers-plan.html.

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Special President Task Force. Narcotics, Marijuana & Dangerous Drugs. 6 June 1969, p. 35, https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB86/intercept01.pdf. National Archives. Accessed 28 Feb. 2023.

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Corrupt Agents in the War on Drugs in US

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Corrupt Agents in the War on Drugs in US

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At the time of the Vietnam War, the hippy movement was a major hindrance in the agenda of Nixon and all pro-war idealists. However, unlike the usual arrests or seizing of the drugs of hippies as a way to get rid of them, actual BNDD agents would steal the drugs from hippies only to resell them.

“But [Charlie Saragusa] had been setting up hi-jackings of [hippies] in New York, they were actually god damned hippie, robberies, just plain out armed robbery. And further they were taking seizures of narcotics and they had ten pounds. They’s give the ten pounds to this Miles. He would cut it. He’d break off half of it and cut it back to make back what he was supposed to have and then turn in a weaker seizure” (Compton).

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John Ehrlichman, White House Counsel and Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs under President Richard Nixon, admits in an interview the actual motives behind the war on drugs. He basically admits that the war on drugs was a cover up for getting rid of the liberal hippies against war and Black people as a whole. He lists off how through the war on drugs, the campaign was able to arrest the leaders of the groups and vilify them.

"'You want to know what this was really all about?' [John Ehrlichman] asked with the bluntness of a man who, after public disgrace and a stretch in federal prison, had little left to protect. 'The Nixon campaign in 1968, and the Nixon White House after that, had two enemies: the antiwar left and black people. You understand what I'm saying? We knew we couldn't make it illegal to be either against the war or black, but by getting the public to associate the hippies with marijuana and blacks with heroin, and then criminalizing both heavily, we could disrupt those communities. We could arrest their leaders, raid their homes, break up their meetings, and vilify them night after night on the evening news. Did we know we were lying about the drugs? Of course we did'" (Baum).

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The Explicit Efforts of War on Drugs in Mexico

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The Explicit Efforts of War on Drugs in Mexico

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On the surface, the Nixon administration said the US must devote itself toward persuading Mexico to control the trade of drugs—especially as a result of Mexico being the top trader of marijuana to the US. However, through the corrupt robberies and murders, the BNDD and DEA show another motive behind going to Mexico.

“The Task Force recommends:

The Department of State must devote its efforts to persuading Mexico to place a program for eradication and control of marihuana and dangerous drugs among the highest of its national priorities” (Special President Task Force).

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To what extent has the war on drugs adversely affected African Americans since the 1980’s?

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To what extent was the war on drugs racially motivated?

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BNDD (Bureau of Narcotics & Dangerous Drugs)

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BNDD (Bureau of Narcotics & Dangerous Drugs)

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DEA (United States Drug Enforcement Administration)

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DEA (United States Drug Enforcement Administration)

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Impact of War on Drugs on Family Structure

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Impact of War on Drugs on Family Structure

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Research has shown pregnant White women have much higher drug and alcohol abuse rates. However in 2001, pregnant Black women were about 10 times more likely to be reported to authorities for drug and alcohol abuse. In turn, tens of thousands of children are left without their mothers and don’t have the same maternal guidance.

“Research has shown that drug and alcohol abuse rates are higher for pregnant White women than pregnant Black women, but Black women are about 10 times more likely to be reported to authorities under mandatory reporting laws. Between 1986 and 1991, the number of Black women incarcerated for drug offenses jumped 828 percent. Because of the “war on drugs,” tens of thousands of children are permanently separated from the love and guidance of parents who have been incarcerated for drug offenses” (Small).

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Impact of War on Drugs on Job Opportunities

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Impact of War on Drugs on Job Opportunities

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As a result of the racially unjust enforcement of the war on drugs, African American males were/are much more likely to get arrested for possessing drugs, adding onto majority of Black individuals’ criminal records. In turn, those with criminal records have a much smaller chance of getting a job than those without.

“A recent field experiment, or ‘auditing study,’ conducted by sociologist Devah Pager (2003) found that although low-skill blacks can generally expect to face discrimination in seeking a job, blacks with a criminal record had vanishingly small prospects of an effective job search. Indeed, only 5 percent of black with a criminal record who applied for a job received a call back. These numbers are dismal when compared to the already low likelihood of receiving a callback for blacks without a criminal record who were called back about 14 percent of the time (compared to whites without a criminal record who were called back about 34 percent of the time)” (Bobo).

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Corrupt Agents in War on Drugs in Mexico

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Corrupt Agents in War on Drugs in Mexico

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In his witness testimony as an ex-BNDD agent, Jack Compton goes over the corrupt actions he, along with other agents, committed. In this case, in Mexico, the agents tortured citizens, no matter who it was or what they did.

“Then, I was transferred down—New Orleans to Mexico City. And down there, I really got an eye full. They actually participated in the torture —every— anybody it didn’t make a shit who it was— what kind of citizen it was. They would actually participate in the torture of these god damned people. I got caught up in a god damn gun fight down there myself and killed 5 men. Now this kind of stuff we were running into constantly, all the time” (Compton).

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To what extent was the handling of the war on drugs corrupt?

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"The [bill to give drug dealers life sentences] was hailed by the group as a necessary means for protecting their community from “blood ‐ thirsty, moneyhungry, death‐dealing criminals....members of the group, which also met privately with the chairmen of the Legislature's two Codes Committees, and the Republican majority leadership, were the Rev. Oberia D. Dempsey, pastor of the Upper Park Avenue Baptist Church; Dr. George W. McMurray, pastor of the Mother African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church; the Rev. Earl B. Moore, pastor of St. Paul Baptist Church in Harlem..." (Clines).