# data[].attributes.headline
Before European Contact (Time Immemorial): Relationships with the Land

# data[].attributes.subject
Before European Contact (Time Immemorial): Relationships with the Land

# data[].attributes.headline
15th Century - The Doctrine of Discovery

# data[].attributes.subject
15th Century - The Doctrine of Discovery

# data[].attributes.headline
Northwest Ordinance Act of 1787, Article III

# data[].attributes.subject
Northwest Ordinance Act of 1787, Article III

# data[].attributes.body
As more English arrived, total war erupted due to the treatment of Indigenous people and land [13]. Colonists also removed Natives through enslavement, such as during Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676.

# data[].attributes.body
Europeans brought diseases like smallpox, measles, and tuberculosis, causing millions of Indigenous peoples to die, with some communities losing nine out of ten people. In some instances, blankets infected with smallpox were given or traded to Indigenous people.

# data[].attributes.body
The border between the United States and British Canada divided First Nations communities, cutting them off from each other.

# data[].attributes.body
After the 13 English colonies gained independence, this act stated that land cessions could only occur by treaty between the federal government and tribes.

# data[].attributes.headline
Indigenous Peoples Declared "Enemies of the State

# data[].attributes.subject
Indigenous Peoples Declared "Enemies of the State

# data[].attributes.headline
Spanish Colonization and Enslavement in the Southwest (1540 onwards)

# data[].attributes.subject
Spanish Colonization and Enslavement in the Southwest (1540 onwards)

# data[].attributes.headline
Impact of the Old Spanish Trail (1830s onwards)

# data[].attributes.subject
Impact of the Old Spanish Trail (1830s onwards)

# data[].attributes.headline
Ongoing Broken Treaties and Doctrine of Discovery Rulings

# data[].attributes.subject
Ongoing Broken Treaties and Doctrine of Discovery Rulings

# data[].attributes.headline
Assimilation Policies & Resistance (Late 19th - Mid 20th Century)

# data[].attributes.subject
Assimilation Policies & Resistance (Late 19th - Mid 20th Century)

# data[].attributes.headline
Indian Boarding Schools (Late 19th - Mid 20th Century)

# data[].attributes.subject
Indian Boarding Schools (Late 19th - Mid 20th Century)

# data[].attributes.headline
Self-Determination & Rights Movement (Mid 20th Century - Present)

# data[].attributes.subject
Self-Determination & Rights Movement (Mid 20th Century - Present)

# data[].attributes.headline
Charles Curtis becomes First Native American US Senator (1907)

# data[].attributes.subject
Charles Curtis becomes First Native American US Senator (1907)

# data[].attributes.headline
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007)

# data[].attributes.subject
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007)

# data[].attributes.headline
The Apology to Native Peoples of the United States (2009)

# data[].attributes.subject
The Apology to Native Peoples of the United States (2009)

# data[].attributes.headline
Deb Haaland becomes first Native American Secretary of the Interior

# data[].attributes.subject
Deb Haaland becomes first Native American Secretary of the Interior

# data[].attributes.headline
Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative (June 2021)

# data[].attributes.subject
Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative (June 2021)

# data[].attributes.headline
Presidential Apology for US Indian Boarding School Program (October 2024)

# data[].attributes.subject
Presidential Apology for US Indian Boarding School Program (October 2024)