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* Kurt, S. 2021. Constructivist learning theory.  https://educationaltechnology.net/constructivist-learning-theory/. Date of access: 28 July 2022.

Ortega, J. 2019. Integrative learning |https://ctl.humboldt.edu/stories/integrative-learning. Date of access: 14 August 2022.

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Methods: She had an integrative approach, “It is the process of making connections among concepts and experiences so that information and skills can be applied to novel and complex issues or challenges” (Ortega, 2019), she wanted her students to make connections between their personal and school lives. She encouraged them to keep a diary where they wrote all about their past, experiences and everything they were fighting.

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Approaches: She kept on persevering. Not for one moment did she give up on her students. She was persistent to show them that there is someone who cares. She did not let their bad and disrespectful behaviour discourage her from helping them to succeed. She had them play a line game where they should take a step backwards if a scenario applied to them by doing them she showed them that they are not that different from each other. This game made them more cooperative.

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Ms Gruwell:
Philosophies: Equality is her philosophy. She said "Education is the great equalizer." She wanted her students to be seen as equals and not on the basis of what separates them and the inequality they have been experiencing from the school and their peers.

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Methods: He had to approach poetry in such a way his students would enjoy. He took them outside during a lesson and had them recite a line from a poem while kicking a football, he incorporated learning with something his students enjoys. He had them actively participating in learning.

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Mr. Keating:
Approaches: Mr. Keating had a constructivist approach to teaching, "The constructivist theory is based around the idea that learners are active participants in their learning journey." (Kurt, 2021), meaning his students had their own understanding of the world based on their own experiences. He wanted this to be the main focus of his teaching, how do you perceive the work being taught to you?

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Mr. Keating:
Philosophies: Mr. Keating was against traditional methods of teaching. One of the very first words used to describe him, by one of his students, Perry, was the word different. He was different from all the other teachers.
He encouraged his students to be free-thinkers, so that they will be able to think for themselves. He does this by telling them to rip of the introduction pages in their Poetry textbook. He does not want them to read what other people expect poetry to be like, they have to decide for themselves. He wanted them to see things from a different view point. To see the world differently than they normally would, he does this when he had them climb on top of his table to have a look around the classroom so they could get a different perspective of their surroundings.