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By Ryan Craske 8081671

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The cyberattack on a U.S hospital system, forced it to shut down its national computer network. Highlighting the how vulnerable healthcare systems are towards cyber attacks. Occurring mid last year, experts stated that it was the largest attack since October 2021.

The attack disrupted patient care, compromised data security, and raised concerns about operational integrity.

This incident underscores the urgent need for extreme cybersecurity measures within our healthcare to safeguard patient's information and ensure uninterrupted medical services.

As healthcare organisations responded to the attack and worked to restore operations, the event served as a reminder of the intense nature of cyber threats facing essential public services.

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Biggest cyberattack on hospitals in years

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Prospect Medical Holdings, a company that owns more than 170 medical facilities, reported that it took its national computer systems offline after discovering a ransomware attack. NBC News' Dana Griffin has more on the largest cyberattack on hospitals this year.

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U.S Healthcare cyber attack: Criminological Perspectives

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U.S Healthcare cyber attack: Criminological Perspectives

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Routine Activity Theory
One of the traditional criminological theories relevant to the 2023 U.S healthcare cyberattacks is Routine Activity Theory.

Which suggests that crime occurs when motivated offenders find suitable targets in the absence of capable guardians.

In this case, cybercriminals, driven by financial gain or ideology, targeted the healthcare systems due to their valuable patient data and potential for ransoming their payments.

The hospital, lacking some cybersecurity measures, became a vulnerable target for the attack. Without effective systems in place, such as proactive monitoring or strong cybersecurity measures, multiple healthcare centres became vulnerable to attacks, resulting in cybercriminals successfully exploiting the system's weaknesses.

This highlights the critical need for improved cybersecurity measures and proactive strategies to prevent major attacks like this from happening again.

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U.S Hospital Cyber Attack 2023 Conclusion

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U.S Hospital Cyber Attack 2023 Conclusion

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Disciplinary Solutions

Disciplinary solutions for healthcare cyberattacks involve a comprehensive strategy. This includes implementing strong cybersecurity measures like encryption and regular staff training on security practices.

Access controls and authentication methods should be necessary for protecting patient data.

Routine security assessments should be crucial for identifying and fixing any cyber issues. Having tested incident response plans and conducting regular drills would be extremely beneficial

Working with law enforcement and cybersecurity agencies would make coordinated responses very easy. Compliance with regulations like HIPAA and cybersecurity standards is should be a must also.

Real time monitoring and investing in better security would make threat detection a lot easier. Cyber insurance coverage provides financial protection in the event a breach would occur

By using these measures, healthcare organisations can better their cybersecurity defences and lower the risks posed by cyber threats.

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In 2022, Finland's parliament was attacked by Russian hackers.

The attack, targeted to the APT28 group, aimed to infiltrate sensitive parliamentary data and disrupt several facilities.

This incident really undermines the danger of state targeted cyberattacks and the urgent need for strong defence measures to protect critical information.

Finland's National Cyber Security Center promptly responded to contain the breach and minimise damage.

However, the attack highlights the ongoing challenge nations face in defending against increased cyber threats.

As investigations unfold, there's a growing recognition of the need for global cooperation and creative cybersecurity strategies to combat evolving tactics used by malicious actors in cyberspace.

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Finland Parlement Cyber Attack, APT28: Criminological Perspectives 

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Finland Parlement Cyber Attack, APT28: Criminological Perspectives 

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In the context of the cyberattack on Finland's parliament website by Russian hackers, Social Network Analysis (SNA) could be employed to uncover the organisational structure and relationships within the hacker group, APT28.

SNA would involve mapping out the connections between individual hackers, affiliated organisations, and potential backers, revealing the hierarchical structure and coordination within the group.

By analysing the social networks behind the cyberattack, SNA could help identify key actors, their roles, and the flow of information or resources within the hacker network.

This insight could aid cybersecurity agencies in understanding the tactics, techniques, and procedures employed by APT28, enabling more targeted and effective countermeasures.

Additionally, SNA could uncover potential links between APT28 and other threats, providing valuable information for anticipating future cyber threats.

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Finnish Parliament Cyber Attack 2022-Conclusion-

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Finnish Parliament Cyber Attack 2022-Conclusion-

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In conclusion, the recent cyberattack on Finland's parliament website highlights the critical need for advanced cybersecurity methods.

Social Network Analysis stands out as a vital tool in understanding the complex relationships within hacker groups like APT28.

By mapping these connections, SNA uncovers key actors and collaboration networks, offering valuable insights for cybersecurity efforts. For instance, in the case of the parliament website attack, SNA could reveal links between APT28 and other threat actors, aiding in proactive responses.

Integrating SNA into cybersecurity strategies is crucial for agencies to anticipate and counter cyber threats effectively.

As cyber crimes evolve, leveraging SNA alongside traditional security measures becomes essential for safeguarding critical material and staying ahead of sophisticated tactics in the digital world.

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Finnish Parliament Cyber Attack 2022-Conclusion-

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Ukrainian state nuclear power company attack

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Ukrainian state nuclear power company attack

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In August 2022, the Russian "hacktivist" group, the People's Cyber Army, launched a cyberattack on Ukraine's state nuclear power company, Energoatom.

Using 7.25 million bots, they flooded the company's website with junk traffic and requests, disrupting online services for a few hours.

Although no lasting damage occurred, the attack aimed to spread fear of a potential nuclear disaster and intimidate Europeans.

This incident highlights the growing threat of cyber warfare and the need for robust cybersecurity measures to protect critical infrastructure.

It underscores the role of cyberattacks in modern conflicts and the importance of vigilance against attackers seeking to disrupt essential services and create chaos.

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Ukrainian state nuclear power company attack

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Ukrainian state nuclear power company attack Criminological perspectives

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Ukrainian state nuclear power company attack Criminological perspectives

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This cyberattack could align with Situation Action Theory.

The theory posits that criminal behaviour results from the interplay between situational factors and individual actions.

In this case, the situation involved geopolitical tensions between Russia and Ukraine, creating a fertile ground for cyber aggression.

The action taken by the People's Cyber Army, mobilising 7.25 million bots to flood Energoatom's website, exemplifies how the immediate context influences criminal behaviour.

The attack aimed to create fear and uncertainty by disrupting critical infrastructure, aligning with the theory's premise that individuals adapt their actions based on situational cues.

By understanding the situational dynamics behind the cyberattack, cybersecurity experts can develop strategies to mitigate similar threats in the future, emphasising the importance of situational context in shaping cybercriminal behaviour within geopolitical conflicts.

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Ukrainian state nuclear power company attack Criminological perspectives

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Ukrainian state nuclear power company attack Conclusion

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Ukrainian state nuclear power company attack Conclusion

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In conclusion, the cyberattack on Ukraine's Energoatom by the People's Cyber Army reflects the intersection of geopolitical tensions, individual actions, and situational factors.

This incident exemplifies Situation Action Theory, where the volatile situation between Russia and Ukraine provided a conducive environment for cyber aggression.

The People's Cyber Army's action of mobilising bots to disrupt Energoatom's website underscores the influence of situational cues on criminal behaviour.

Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing effective cybersecurity strategies amidst geopolitical conflicts.

By recognising the role of situational context in shaping cyber threats, cybersecurity experts can better anticipate and mitigate future attacks on critical infrastructure.

This incident serves as a reminder of the changing nature of cyber warfare and the need for proactive measures to safeguard essential services in an increasingly interconnected world.

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Ukrainian state nuclear power company attack Conclusion

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In August 2022, Greek gas distributor DESFA faced a cyberattack, compromising part of its IT infrastructure and leading to a data leak.

The attack, carried out by the ransomware group Ragnar Locker, involves holding the stolen data for ransom. Despite the demand, DESFA chose not to pay.

This incident highlights the vulnerability of important infrastructure to cyber threats. It prompts questions about the resilience of essential services like energy providers. As cyber threats evolve, safeguarding these systems becomes increasingly more demanding.

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Greek natural gas distributor attack Criminological Perspective 

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Greek natural gas distributor attack Criminological Perspective 

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The cyberattack on Greek gas distributor DESFA in August 2022 can be analysed using Crime Script Theory, a new criminological framework.

This theory suggests that criminal acts follow a predictable sequence of stages, from planning to execution.

In the DESFA attack, perpetrators likely conducted initial reconnaissance to identify IT vulnerabilities, then infiltrated using ransomware, and finally demanded ransom to prevent data exposure.

This organised script reflects the methodical nature of cybercriminal operations.

Understanding the attack through Crime Script Theory helps identify key stages and tactics used by perpetrators, aiding in developing strategies to disrupt future attacks.

By intervening at critical points in the crime script, cybersecurity experts can enhance defences and safeguard critical infrastructure against cyber threats.

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Greek natural gas distributor attack Criminological Perspective

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Greek natural gas distributor attack Conclusion

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Greek natural gas distributor attack Conclusion

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In conclusion, analysing the cyberattack on Greek gas distributor DESFA through Crime Script Theory provides a valuable look into the organised nature of some cybercriminal operations.

By identifying the predictable stages, such as ransom demands, this framework helps understand the tactics employed by these criminals and potential ways of preventing these crimes.

This analysis highlights the need for more cybersecurity measures to disrupt future attacks and safeguard critical infrastructure.

As cyber threats continue to evolve, using modern theories like Crime Script Theory betters our ability to anticipate, mitigate, and respond effectively to cyberattacks.

By addressing vulnerabilities and intervening at key stages in the crime script, cybersecurity experts can bolster defences and protect essential services from the growing threat of cybercrime.

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In July 2022, hackers gained control of the British Army's Twitter account, resulting in a significant breach in the military's security and online documents.

The attackers changed the account's name and photos multiple times and began promoting contests to win Angry Apes non-fungible tokens (NFTs).

Additionally, the army's YouTube page was compromised, rebranded as Ark Invest, and featured content promoting interviews with Elon Musk discussing cryptocurrency.

This breach emphasises the vulnerability of military social media platforms to cyber threats and raises concerns about the integrity of digital platforms within defence organisations.

Contents such as information security breaches, operational disruption, loss of public trust, financial implications, and potential cyber espionage threats all could play a role in damaging the security of national defence, not just in the U.K, but worldwide

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UK military social media breach Criminological Perspectives

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UK military social media breach Criminological Perspectives

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The British Army's social media breach in July 2022 challenges traditional deterrence against cybercriminals.

Unlike conventional crimes, cyberattacks are often anonymous and cross-border, making it difficult to find who is responsible.

Promoting responsible behaviour in cyberspace and transparency about the consequences of attacks can deter promote more ways to remove targeted crimes from targeting military social media.

By using deterrence strategies to protect social media platforms, military organisations can better defend against cyber threats and protect their social media presence from unauthorised access and manipulation.

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UK military social media breach Criminological Perspectives

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UK military social media breach Conclusion

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UK military social media breach Conclusion

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In conclusion, the breach of the British Army's accounts highlights the fading use of traditional deterrence strategies against cybercriminals.

Cyberattacks, being anonymous and cross-border, defy usual deterrence measures.

Adapting to the digital age requires innovative approaches, including international cooperation, economic communication, and enhanced cybersecurity to deter these crimes.

Promoting responsible behaviour in cyberspace and transparency about the consequences of attacks can deter these acts from happening and prevent targeting military social media platforms.

By improving deterrence methods, military organisations can better protect their online presence and defend against cyber threats.

This incident serves as a reminder of the importance of continuously reassessing and adapting cybersecurity measures to address the evolving nature of cyber threats in the modern world.

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UK military social media breach Conclusion

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https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/nov/28/cyber-attack-us-hospitals-texas-oklahoma-new-mexico

https://www.jmir.org/2018/5/e10059/

https://www.csis.org/programs/strategic-technologies-program/significant-cyber-incidents

https://sherloc.unodc.org/cld/uploads/res/lessons-learned/finlands-cyber-security-strategy_html/Finlands_Cyber_security_Strategy_-_Background_dossier.pdf

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68757082

https://lieber.westpoint.edu/escalating-military-use-zaporizhzhia-nuclear-plant/

https://dig.watch/updates/greeces-largest-natural-gas-distributor-desfa-suffered-ransomware-related-data-breach

https://www.siliconrepublic.com/enterprise/greek-gas-operator-data-ransomware-cyberattack

https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/07/world/europe/uk-armed-forces-data-hack.html

https://www.rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/soldiers-and-social-media-age-connectivity-saturation