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Refugees hosted:

Over 1 million, making up nearly 1 in 7 people in the country.

Why do they host?

Close to Syrian's western border.

Lebanese policy allowed initial entry but now struggles with limited resources.

Refugees live in informal camps, often extreme poverty and very poor conditions.

Refugees cross the western Syrian border into northern Lebanon, often through:

Al-Masnaa Border Crossing near Beqaa Valley.

Smaller routes near Arsal (a mountainous region used for informal crossings).

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Refugees hosted: Over 3.5 million refugees as of 2024

Reasons for hosting: It is very close to Syria, makes it the first destination for those fleeing.

Türkiye had open border policies early in the conflict and refugee camps in Gaziantep and Hatay.

Refugees also move to urban areas like Istanbul.

Refugees primarily cross the northern Syrian border into southern Turkish provinces like Hatay, Gaziantep, and Şanlıurfa.

Major border crossings:

Bab al-Hawa (Syria) → Reyhanlı (Turkey).

Bab al-Salam (Syria) → Kilis (Turkey).

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Refugees hosted:

About 660,00 registered refugees, it can be higher because some of the refugees aren't registered.

Why do they host?

Refugees enter through the southern syrian border.

Zaatari refugee camp, one of the largest in the world.

Jordan faces economic strain from hosting refugees but remains a key haven.

Refugees cross the southern Syrian border into northern Jordan.

Key entry points:

Nasib Border Crossing → Ramtha (Jordan).

Informal crossings through Daraa, a conflict-heavy zone in southern Syria

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Over 6.8 million people have fled Syria since 2011, making it the largest displacement crisis globally.

What are the reasons?

Civil war that started in 2011.

Violent conflicts between the Syrian government, rebel groups and ISIS

Bombings, chemical weapon attacks, and destruction of infrastructure, such as hospitals and schools.

Internal Displacement: Over 6.9 million Syrians remain displaced in Syria

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Refugees hosted: Over 250,000 Syrians, mostly in Iraqi, Kurdistan in the north of Iraq.

Reasons for hosting:

Kurdish populations share cultural and ethnic ties with northern Syria.

Camps like Domiz offer shelter.

Refugees fleeing eastern Syria move into Iraqi Kurdistan through:

• Al-Yarubiyah Border Crossing → Dohuk and Erbil (Iraq).

• Informal crossings along the Euphrates River for those from Raqqa or Deir ez-Zor.

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Refugees hosted:

Over 130,000 registered refugees, though the unregistered number may be higher.

Reasons for hosting:

Syrians integrate into urban areas like Cairo and Alexandria.

Refugees face fewer formal camps but lack legal protections and resources.

Most Syrian refugees travel overland or by sea to reach Egypt:

Overland: Through Jordan, crossing into Sinai Peninsula and onward to Cairo.

Sea: Syrians use routes through Türkiye to reach the Mediterranean Sea, sailing to Egyptian ports like Alexandria or Port Said.