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Cognitive bias is a misinterpretation of information that influences the way you process thoughts and decision making.

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¿Cómo nos engañan? Pt1: Los Sesgos Cognitivos

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It refers to the human tendency to value more the things in which it has been actively participated in or built, due to the effort to build it, a stronger emotional bond is generated to the object, than if the product had been acquired already done.

Example: Nearby, with a group of colleagues from the university we are developing an integrative project on music therapy, it is a work that has had a dedication and commitment, and has generated a certain appreciation for the project.

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The phenomenon describes that the possibility of receiving help in an emergency situation is low or there is an absence of help when there are multiple spectators.

Example: You can see the lack of help or intervention in the case of the student Sergio Urrego who committed suicide in 2014 due to bullying and the discrimination he suffered due to his sexual orientation, despite the fact that many people witnessed or were aware of the bullying, none acted to stop the abuse.

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It is the tendency to allow ourselves to be influenced by authority figures, giving their opinion more credibility and value.

Example: In a 2018 video, the singer Maluma assured that “lemon water on an empty stomach ” was beneficial for the health and cleanliness of the body, thanks to its popularity, many people were influenced by its recommendation without having conclusive scientific evidence to support the miraculous effects.

Placebo effect: It is the belief in an inert substance or procedure without healing capacity that produces a positive effect on the person.

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It is the belief in an inert substance or procedure without healing capacity that produces a positive effect on the person.

Example: Calmvalera is a homeopathic medicine made up of a mixture of diluted ingredients, which is used to treat symptoms of stress, anxiety and sleep problems. Although there is no solid scientific evidence to support its effectiveness, many people report feeling calmer and more relaxed after use, which may be influenced by the

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We tend to remember incomplete tasks or activities more than we have already finished.

Example: If a student leaves a task for later it is more likely that they will remember it more than the one that has already finished since the need to finish the interrupted task is still present in their mind.

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It is a psychological response that occurs when the person especially feels threatened, instead of accepting a rule or restriction, the person tends to do the opposite of what is asked of him.

Example: A teenager feels that his parents are imposing rules about his time on TikTok, feeling controlled could use the app even longer as soon as he has the chance as a way to make up for time that he was not on the social network.

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By receiving proof that we are wrong, rather than changing our minds, we cling more to our belief.

Example: Having scientific evidence demonstrating global warming, some people continue to deny it. By receiving data that shows that if it is real, instead of changing their minds, they further hold their beliefs, arguing that the information should not be true.

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It is a form of “Unconscious Plagiarism ”, since a person believes they have an original idea but in reality this was already stored in memory since they saw or heard it somewhere else.It is a form of “Unconscious Plagiarism ”, since a person believes they have an original idea but in reality this was already stored in memory since they saw or heard it somewhere else.

Example: The greatest circumstances in which cryptomnesia can be presented is in artistic creation and literature since there are influences that are expressed as original but that were absorbed and consequently were unconsciously evoked as it could have happened with the writer Jorge Luis Borges , since some elements of his work may be unconsciously influenced due to the classic texts that the author had read in his youth, thus existing a fuzzy line between memory and creation.

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Past events are believed to affect futures.

Example: A person who buys the lottery for several weeks without winning, sees that their numbers have not come out, so they think it is their turn to win in the next lottery.

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We believe that the consumption of the media affects others more than ourselves.

Example: Many consumers believe that some advertisements promote gender stereotypes affecting other people, especially young people, but not themselves.

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Valentina Rojas Moncada.

Francys Cuadra.

David Villabon.