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-Interactive Read-aloud is reading books out loud using different character voices, facial expressions and gestures while encouraging listeners to actively participate (predict, discuss and understand)

-Provides a strong language model and reduces anxiety as the students see exactly what good readers do from their role-modeling teachers

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-A strategy teachers use to read books, charts and other texts with students when it is too difficult to do independently (One example is having multiple copies of the same book so everyone can follow along)

-With little children, big books are used in small groups so everyone can see the illustrations

-Helps ELL students as illustrations are used to support vocabulary development as well as building background knowledge to help comprehend the text

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-Books/Labels written in two or more languages

-Validate home language and encourage the use of it to comprehend texts and identify cognates

-Books that contain the entire text in both languages support the transfer of the home language to English

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-Brief presentation of abstract concepts presented before the lesson to help learners connect existing knowledge to new information (transfer)

-Expository organizer is used when the new material is very unfamiliar

-Comparative organizer is used when new material is somewhat close to material already known.

-Designs build on past experiences of English Language Learners and provide bridges to new material

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-A KWL chart (Know, Want to Know, Learned) is a graphic organizer that students begin before the new topic is taught

-Helps assess what prior knowledge is known about the subject and transfer this knowledge to the want-to-know for English

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-A strategy that involves children completing a physical activity to associate with the word they have read

-Solidifies comprehension and releases energy

-Helps transfer the word of the action they are completing to English. (Ex Saltar is Jump in Spanish), children jumping and seeing the word will now understand jump is the English word for the action they are doing)

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-A strategy where children are asked to tell you about certain concepts that were read about in the book (In the Cross-Cultural Video, the children were asked to identify the verbs and say what they were doing specifically with those verbs)

- Forces children to actively listen so they can process what they are reading

-Promotes transfer of knowledge in building vocabulary (pancakes in native language to English for example) with illustrations to assist.