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Die Schüler werden in der Lage sein, effektive KI-Prompts zu erstellen und die Grundprinzipien des Promptings zu verstehen.

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• Verstehen der KI-Prompt-Struktur
• Kenntnis verschiedener Prompting-Techniken
• Fähigkeit zur Evaluation von Prompt-Qualität
• Praktische Anwendung von Prompting-Strategien

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Grundlegende Konzepte des KI-Promptings durch interaktive Präsentation. Schüler nutzen Padlet, um erste Beispiele zu sammeln.

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An Introduction to AI Prompt Engineering

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In Kleingruppen verschiedene Prompt-Beispiele analysieren und deren Effektivität bewerten. Ergebnisse im gemeinsamen Padlet dokumentieren.

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Schüler experimentieren mit einfachen Zero-Shot Prompts und teilen ihre Ergebnisse.

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Large language models (LLMs) today, such as GPT-3.5 Turbo, GPT-4, and Claude 3, are tuned to follow instructions and are trained on large amounts of data. Large-scale training makes these models capable of performing some tasks in a "zero-shot" manner. Zero-shot prompting means that the prompt used to interact with the model won't contain examples or demonstrations. The zero-shot prompt directly instructs the model to perform a task without any additional examples to steer it.

We tried a few zero-shot examples in the previous section. Here is one of the examples (ie., text classification) we used:

Classify the text into neutral, negative or positive. Text: I think the vacation is okay.

Note that in the prompt above we didn't provide the model with any examples of text alongside their classifications, the LLM already understands "sentiment" -- that's the zero-shot capabilities at work.

Instruction tuning has been shown to improve zero-shot learning Wei et al. (2022) (opens in a new tab) . Instruction tuning is essentially the concept of finetuning models on datasets described via instructions. Furthermore, RLHF (opens in a new tab) (reinforcement learning from human feedback) has been adopted to scale instruction tuning wherein the model is aligned to better fit human preferences. This recent development powers models like ChatGPT. We will discuss all these approaches and methods in upcoming sections.

When zero-shot doesn't work, it's recommended to provide demonstrations or examples in the prompt which leads to few-shot prompting. In the next section, we demonstrate few-shot prompting.

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A Comprehensive Overview of Prompt Engineering

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Praktische Übungen zum Few-Shot Prompting mit realen Anwendungsbeispielen.

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Erlernen der Chain-of-Thought Prompting-Technik durch geführte Übungen.

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Kontinuierliche Beobachtung der Schülerarbeit während der praktischen Übungen.

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Schüler bewerten gegenseitig ihre erstellten Prompts anhand einer Bewertungsmatrix.

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Entwicklung einer Prompt-Strategie für ein reales Problem oder Szenario.

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Kurzfragebogen: Was war heute neu? Was ist noch unklar? Welche Prompting-Technik erscheint am nützlichsten?

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Dokumentation von 3 selbst erstellten Prompts mit Analyse der Ergebnisse.

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Praktische Übungen auf einer KI-Plattform zur Vertiefung der gelernten Techniken.

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Introduction

In this tutorial, we aim to delve into the art and science of crafting effective prompts for generative AI (Artificial Intelligence) tools. The ability to communicate effectively with AI is becoming increasingly crucial in various fields, from creative writing to data analysis. This tutorial is designed to enhance your skills in interacting with AI, particularly with the popular tool, ChatGPT.

Understanding AI Prompting

What is Prompting?

At its core, prompting is the act of providing a generative AI tool, like ChatGPT, with a query to generate a desired output. These prompts can range from simple questions to complex instructions, depending on what you aim to achieve with the AI's response. The quality and structure of the prompt significantly influence the relevance, accuracy, and usefulness of the AI's response.

Importance of Effective Prompts

Why focus on prompting? Because the way we communicate with AI determines the effectiveness of its assistance. An effectively crafted prompt leads to precise and relevant responses, saving time and improving the overall user experience. On the other hand, a poorly structured prompt can result in vague, irrelevant, or even misleading information. Thus, mastering the art of prompting is key to harnessing the full potential of AI tools.

Prompting as a Skill

Prompting should be viewed as a skill - one that requires understanding the AI's capabilities and limitations and adapting your communication style accordingly. It is like learning a new language; the more proficient you become, the better and more nuanced interactions you can have. This skill becomes increasingly valuable as AI technologies become more integrated into our daily lives and work.

Core Principles of Effective Prompting

Clarity and Specificity

The cornerstone of a good prompt is clarity and specificity. Your prompt should be clear enough to convey exactly what you need from the AI. Avoid ambiguity; be specific about what you are asking. For instance, instead of saying, " Tell me about oceans", say, " Provide an overview of the major oceans of the world and their unique characteristics. " Specific prompts help the AI to understand and respond with precise information.

Context and Background

Providing the right context in your prompts can significantly enhance the AI's response. Context helps the AI to understand the framework within which it should generate its answer. For example, if you are asking for a recommendation, mentioning your preferences and constraints helps the AI tailor its response. " Suggest a beginner-friendly hiking trail within 50 miles of San Francisco, considering moderate fitness levels ", is more effective than a generic request for hiking trail recommendations.

Conciseness and Relevance

While it is important to be clear and provide context, conciseness is equally crucial. Verbose prompts can confuse the AI or lead it to focus on less relevant aspects of your request. Aim for a balance - provide enough detail for clarity and context but be as concise as possible. For example, " What are the health benefits of a Mediterranean diet, focusing on heart health and weight management? " is concise yet provides clear direction for the AI's response.

Common Prompting Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

Vagueness and Ambiguity

One of the most common mistakes in prompting is being too vague or ambiguous. This often leads to broad or off-target responses from the AI. To avoid this, refine your prompt to be as clear and specific as possible. Before finalizing your prompt, ask yourself if there is any way it could be misinterpreted, and adjust accordingly.

Another mistake is providing too much information or asking multiple complex questions in a single prompt. This can overwhelm the AI, resulting in disjointed or incomplete responses. If you have several questions, consider breaking them down into separate prompts. This approach ensures that each prompt is focused and easy for the AI to process.

Misaligned Expectations

Sometimes, users expect AI to perform tasks beyond its current capabilities or to understand highly subjective or personal nuances. It's essential to align your expectations with what AI, particularly tools like ChatGPT, can realistically achieve. Remember, AI operates based on the information and training it has received, and it may not fully grasp highly individualized or abstract concepts.

Advanced Prompting Techniques

Sequential Prompting

Sequential prompting involves building a conversation with the AI, where each prompt builds upon the previous responses. This technique is particularly useful for complex tasks or when you need to refine or expand upon the information provided by the AI. For example, you might start with a general prompt about climate change effects, and based on the AI's response, follow up with more specific prompts about mitigation strategies in certain regions.

Creative and Exploratory Prompting

Don't be afraid to experiment with creative or exploratory prompts. This approach is particularly useful for tasks like brainstorming, generating ideas, or exploring hypothetical scenarios. For instance, you can prompt the AI with scenarios like, " Imagine a world where renewable energy is the only power source - how would daily life change? " Such prompts encourage AI to be creative and provide unique perspectives.

Leveraging Implicit Knowledge

AI tools like ChatGPT have a vast repository of implicit knowledge obtained from their training data. You can leverage this by crafting prompts that tap into this knowledge base. For example, asking the AI to compare different programming languages based on certain criteria can yield insights that are informed by a wide range of sources and perspectives.

Practical Exercises using ChatGPT

Interactive Examples

To help you put these principles into practice, let us try some interactive exercises using ChatGPT. For each exercise, we will provide a scenario and a sample prompt. Your task is to refine the prompt based on the principles we have discussed.

If you need help accessing ChatGPT to follow along with these exercises, please refer to this article

Exercise 1: Scenario: You want to learn about the history of the internet.

Initial Prompt: Tell me about the internet.

Refined Prompt: Provide a concise history of the internet, focusing on its major developments, milestones, and impact on communication.

Notice the difference between the two results. The refined prompt is a much more structured and targeted response compared to the vague response of the initial prompt.

Exercise 2: Scenario: You are looking for diet advice tailored to your needs.

Initial Prompt: I need diet tips.

Refined Prompt: What are some healthy diet tips for someone with a sedentary lifestyle and lactose intolerance?

Case Studies

Next, let us analyze some real-world examples of effective and ineffective prompts. We will dissect each prompt, identify where it excels or falls short, and suggest improvements.

Case Study 1:

Ineffective Prompt: How do I make my business successful?

Analysis: This prompt is too broad and lacks specificity.

Improved Prompt: What are key strategies for increasing customer engagement and loyalty in a small online retail business?

Case Study 2:

Effective Prompt: Compare the environmental impacts of electric cars versus gasoline cars, focusing on carbon emissions and resource usage.

Analysis: This prompt is clear, specific, and directly asks for a comparative analysis, guiding the AI to provide a focused and informative response.

Ethics and Best Practices

Responsible Use of AI

When using AI, it's crucial to practice ethical prompting. This means avoiding prompts that could lead the AI to generate harmful, biased, or misleading content. Always consider the potential impact of your prompts and the responses they might elicit. For example, avoid prompts that could perpetuate stereotypes or spread misinformation.

Privacy and Sensitivity

Be mindful of privacy and sensitivity issues when inputting data into AI systems. Avoid sharing personal or sensitive information in your prompts and be cautious about how you use the information provided by AI. Remember that while AI responses are generated based on a vast dataset, they should not be considered as personal advice or counsel.

To learn more about security in AI, refer to this article

Adapting to Different AI Tools

While this tutorial focuses on ChatGPT, the principles of effective prompting are applicable to various generative AI tools. Each AI tool may have specific capabilities and limitations, so it's important to understand the nuances of the tool you are using. Experiment with different AI tools and adapt your prompting techniques to suit each tool's unique features and strengths.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we have explored the fundamentals of crafting effective AI prompts. We have covered the importance of clarity, specificity, and context in prompts, and discussed common mistakes to avoid. We delved into advanced techniques like sequential and creative prompting and provided practical exercises and case studies to enhance your understanding.

Effective prompting is a skill that improves with practice. We encourage you to continue experimenting with different prompts and AI tools. Pay attention to how different prompts yield different responses, and refine your approach based on your experiences. Remember, the goal is to communicate with AI as efficiently and effectively as possible, and this comes with time and practice.

As AI continues to evolve, the skill of effective prompting will become increasingly valuable. We hope this tutorial has provided you with a solid foundation to enhance your AI interactions and that you feel more confident in your ability to craft effective prompts. Thank you for joining us on this journey into the world of AI prompting!

To see what else you can do with ChatGPT (or generative AI in general), checkout some of the topics covered in the articles located here: AI Articles.

'The Codecademy Team, composed of experienced educators and tech experts, is dedicated to making tech skills accessible to all. We empower learners worldwide with expert-reviewed content that develops and enhances the technical skills needed to advance and succeed in their careers.'

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AI Prompting Best Practices | Codecademy

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A focused dive into best prompting practices for generative AI

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Entwicklung eines innovativen Use-Cases für KI-Prompting im Schulkontext.