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"No one can serve two masters. Either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and dispose the other.

The bible uses this to tell us that you can not on both sides for different things. For example, two countries are having war you can not love or help both sides. You will have to choose which side you love more/ want to protect more.

This uses ethos appeal because people who believes the bible will believe what the bible said to be true. The bible establishes credibility of the person who is reading it and who believes in it.

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"Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country "

Kennedy uses words that are repeated in reverse order to challenge us to contribute something positive toward public and take consideration as to how it apply to our life.

Kennedy uses ethos because he was the president and people will tend to believe things he said out of respect. He is more convincing than a person you do not know that walks up to you stating the same thing as him, because how do you know he isn't just saying random things that are out of craziness?

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JFK "Ask not what your country can do for you..." - Archival Footage

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During the 1960 inaugural address, U.S President John F. Kennedy declares: "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country." License this clip through t3licensing.com: http://www.t3licensing.com/video/clip/524C138_086.do?utm_source=Youtube&utm_medium=Video&utm_campaign=Youtube%2BCampaign?mkid=yt Contact a T3Media Licensing Specialist for further assistance: 866.274.0634 Don't forget to subscribe to the ThoughtEquity Channel here: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=thoughtequity T3Media (formerly Thought Equity Motion) offers the world's largest online collection of stock footage video clips.

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"Suit the action word, the word to be the action"

Shakespeare uses chiasmus to try to tell us we should think about what they are trying to say and act in a appropriate way. For instance, do not over act, and do not underact by forgetting certain words.

Logos is being used in Shakespeare's, because his reasoning is to suit the action word, the word to be the action. It is clear and can be logically proven to us that we should not overact or underact a scene, it can really change how it is originally intended scenes to be.

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This quote contains literary words that are repeated in reverse order to tell us, food today is something we as humans, take for granted. We live to eat, we fail to understand the fact that it requires a lot of work to have the food we are eating in front of us. For example, rice. The cycle of rice is 190 days and the season last about 30 days. Farmers have to roll and prepare the fields, fertilize the fields, control level of water flow, harvest, etc. On the other hand, you have elephants who must eat to live traveling across a land, starving, searching for food.

This uses both logo appeal and pathos appeal because elephants traveling long distance in search for food, can be proven with logic and reasons. You may have seen on discovery channel or read in books about elephants whom had to traveling for food. Elephants starving contributed an emotional appeal to readers who feels sympathy for them.

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"You forget what you want to remember, and you remember what you want to forget."
(Cormac McCarthy, The Road, 2006)

McCarthy used chiasmus to reveal important information about the kind of world his character lived in. A boy witnessed uncomfortable sights and scenes; he asked his father if he will eventually be able to forget those dreadful sights. Using rhetorical words in which concepts are repeated in reverse order , his father told him humans tend to forget what they want to remember. Terrible sights that he wants to forget will most likely stay in the brains and they are impossible to forget.

Ethos is being used because the boy's father is establishing credibility, in which the boy tend to believe. This is because the boy respects his father and he will listen to want his father is saying.

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In rhetoric, chiasmus is a verbal pattern (a type of antithesis) in which the second half of an expression is balanced against the first with the parts reversed. Essentially the same as antimetabole. Adjective: chiastic. Plural: chiasmus or chiasmi.

Note that a chiasmus includes anadiplosis, but not every anadiplosis reverses itself in the manner of a chiasmus.

See Examples and Observations below.

What Is Chiasmus? Employing the Power of the Crisscross Figure of Speech

Examples and Observations

"You forget what you want to remember, and you remember what you want to forget."

"Your manuscript is both good and original, but the part that is good is not original, and the part that is original is not good."

"If black men have no rights in the eyes of the white men, of course, the whites can have none in the eyes of the blacks."

"The art of progress is to preserve order amid change and to preserve change amid order."

Chiasmus As Verbal Judo
"The root pattern is called 'chiasmus' because diagrammed, it forms an 'X,' and the Greek name for X is chi. When John Kennedy constructed his famous bromide, 'Ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country,' he went to the Well of Antithesis for his active ingredient. Where does the 'X' power come from?... Obviously, a verbal judo is at work here. By keeping the phrase but inverting its meaning we use our opponent's own power to overcome him, just as a judo expert does. So a scholar remarked of another's theory, 'Cannon entertains that theory because that theory entertains Cannon.' The pun on 'entertain' complicates the chiasmus here, but the judo still prevails--Cannon is playing with the power of his own mind rather than figuring out the secrets of the universe."

The Lighter Side of Chiasmus
"Starkist doesn't want tuna with good taste, Starkist wants tuna that tastes good!"

Pronunciation

ki-AZ-mus

Also Known As

Antimetabole, epanodos, inverted parallelism, reverse parallelism, crisscross quotes, syntactical inversion, turnaround

Sources

Cormac McCarthy, The Road, 2006

Samuel Johnson

Frederick Douglass, "An Appeal to Congress for Impartial Suffrage"

Alfred North Whitehead

Richard A. Lanham, Analyzing Prose, 2nd ed. Continuum, 2003

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25 Examples of Chiasmus: The Crisscross Figure of Speech

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In rhetoric, chiasmus is a verbal pattern (a type of antithesis) in which the second half of an expression is balanced against the first with the parts reversed. Essentially the same as antimetabole . Adjective: chiastic. Plural: chiasmus or chiasmi. Note that a chiasmus includes anadiplosis, but not every anadiplosis reverses itself in the manner of a chiasmus.