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Dörnyei (2001)

•Process-oriented motivation

•Choice motivation → executive motivation → motivation retrospection

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the researcher zoltan dornyei feeling motivated

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Studying the correlation between motivation, extroversion or intelligence with language proficiency can be difficult because you cannot directly measure these attributes.

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gg

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1. Teachers should know that there are multiple types of "intelligence." It is not a binary thing just like literacies.

2. Language learning aptitude is the ease and speed of learning things within a target language. Emphasis on the EASE.

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Identity, ethnic group affiliation and beliefs

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Identity, ethnic group affiliation and beliefs

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Discoveries

" investment " instead of integrative or instrumental motivation with identity

Label of "esl" can set students up for failure because they're expected to perform at a level that they're not at yet in the classroom

seems like people can be put into a box

Learning to express yourself in an L2 could contribute to difficulties in expressing identity

affects how people are perceived

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Learning Styles and Personality (pp. 83-86)

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Learning Styles and Personality (pp. 83-86)

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Visual learners learn best with visual input. Kinesthetic learners need physical action to aid in their learning. Field independent learners focus on the details. Field dependent learners focus on the big picture

Extroverted learners are more assertive and adventurous. Introverted learners are more willing to introspect. Learning anxiety, and willingness to communicate are factors.