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Mount Vesuvius Erupts Mount Vesuvius, a volcano near the Bay of Naples in Italy, has erupted more than 50 times. Its most famous eruption took place in the year 79 A.D., when the volcano buried the ancient Roman city of Pompeii under a thick carpet of volcanic ash.

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It happened on the morning of January 23, 1556 in Shaanxi, during the Ming dynasty. More than 97 counties in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Gansu, Hebei, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces were affected. Buildings were slightly damaged in the cities of Beijing, Chengdu and Shanghai. [5] An area 840 kilometers wide (520 mi) was destroyed, [6] and in some counties up to 60% of the population died. [7] Most of the area's population at the time lived in yaodongs, artificial caves in loess cliffs; these collapsed in large numbers, causing many casualties.

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On the morning of April 18, 1906, a massive earthquake shook San Francisco, California. Though the quake lasted less than a minute, its immediate impact was disastrous. The earthquake also ignited several fires around the city that burned for three days and destroyed nearly 500 city blocks.

Despite a quick response from San Francisco's large military population, the city was devastated. The earthquake and fires killed an estimated 3,000 people and left half of the city's 400,000 residents homeless. Aid poured in from around the country and the world, but those who survived faced weeks of difficulty and hardship.

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The 1931 China floods, or the 1931 Yangtze–Huai River floods, occurred from June to August 1931 in China, hitting major cities such as Wuhan, Nanjing and beyond, which eventually culminated into a dike breach along Lake Gaoyou on 25 August 1931.

Fatality estimates vary widely. A field survey by the University of Nanking led by John Lossing Buck immediately after the flood found "150,000 people had drowned, and that this number represented less than a quarter of all fatalities during the first 100 days of the flood."[2] The official report found 140,000 drowned[3] and claims that "2 million people died during the flood, having drowned or died from lack of food".[4] A cholera epidemic in the subsequent year, from May 1932, was officially reported to have 31,974 deaths and 100,666 cases.

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Tsunamis, hurricanes and typhoons, earthquakes, locusts and now the threat of a flu pandemic. Will 2005 be remembered as the year of natural disasters? The year 2005 saw the aftermath of the 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami waves in Asia, hurricanes in central and north America, notably Katrina, which triggered flooding in the US city of New Orleans, and the 8 October earthquake in Pakistan and India. The year also saw famine after crops were destroyed by locusts in Niger. Virtually unnoticed by the outside world was tiny El Salvador where the country’s highest volcano, Ilamatepec, erupted on 1 October, displacing more than 7500 people and killing two.

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The combined effect of Tropical Storm Ida and a low pressure system off the Pacific coast resulted in heavy rains in El Salvador, between 7 and 8 November 2009, causing severe flooding and landslides in seven of the 14 departments. In just four hours, 355 mm of rainfall were recorded in the most affected areas, not far from where 400 mm was recorded during the four days of Hurricane Mitch (1998). The amount of rain was about five times the average expected precipitation for the month of November.

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The 2011 monsoon season saw extensive flooding in Thailand due to flooding of several rivers, including the Chao Phraya and tributaries of the Mekong Basin. Since July, the floods have left more than 13 million people homeless, causing an estimated damage of more than 1,425 billion baht (45.7 billion dollars) and around six million hectares under water, of which which 300 thousand corresponded to farmland. Around October, the waters reached the mouth of the Chao Phraya and submerged parts of the capital, Bangkok. Flooding persisted in some areas until mid-January 2012, resulting in 815 fatalities (in addition to three missing persons)

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The governments of Honduras and Nicaragua issued tropical storm and hurricane watches and warnings throughout November 1 as the storm approached the region, however, distracted by the debate so as not to suspend the validity of the "Morazanico" holiday, the government of Honduras did not give the hurricane warnings that affected the country, as indicated by the hurricane warning bulletin 13 issued at 4pm EST on November 3, 2020 by NOAA.2 It was not until 8:48 on the night of November 3 that the National Risk Management System (SINAGER) decided to cancel the vacation period and issue an immediate evacuation order with a time limit of two hours, but the population was unaware of the provision of shelters and remained in their homes.

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On January 12, 2010, Haiti is devastated by a massive earthquake. It drew an outpouring of support from around the globe but the small nation has yet to fully recover.

Haiti has a history of seismic activity—devastating earthquakes were recorded there in 1751, 1770, 1842 and 1946. The island of Hispaniola, which Haiti shares with the Dominican Republic, lies mostly between two large tectonic plates, the North American and the Caribbean.