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Hi, My name is Allan Botones and I will be explaining the events that happened during World War 2!

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Hello my name is Vince Edgar G. Biagtan and I will be talking about the Great Depression and it’s impact on society.

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Hello, my name is Leonardo Ramirez-Aleman. I am making a padlet shelf on World War II and how it started. 

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Hello, my name is Leonardo Ramirez-Aleman. I am making a padlet shelf on World War II and how it started. 

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World War II, also known as the Second World War and abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that took place between 1939 and 1945. The vast majority of countries in the world, including all of the great powers, formed two competing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis forces. The Axis nations (Germany, Italy, and Japan) and the Allies were the principal combatants (France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and China). The leaders of the Axis nations were Adolf Hitler (Germany), Tojo Hideki (Japan). The leaders of the Allies nations were Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman (United States), Winston Churchill (United Kingdom), Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union), and Chiang Kai-shek (China).

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In 1940, during World War 2 Americans were forced to ration foods and other things as well. This rule took place after the United States declared war after the attack that took place on Pearl Harbor. Other things such as gasoline, food, water, and many other things had to be rationed because of the war. Since people didn't have the daily necessities to survive they decided to make ration cards which would allow people to purchase rationed things like the things that were previously stated.

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In the same year when the rationing was happening in America, the Dunkirk evacuation plan had begun. They had 48 hours to get everyone out which included 338,000 British and French soldiers from the port of Dunkirk between the 26th of May and the 4th. Some say that the soldiers left behind were executed.

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The 1920s were a period time when the U.S. economy expanded rapidly, and the nation’s total wealth more than doubled between 1920 and 1929; this time was dubbed "the Roaring Twenties". The stock market, which was centered in New York on Wall Street, was very reckless unlike now. From Millionaires to cooks and janitors poured their life savings in hopes of growing their wealth. As a result, the stock market underwent rapid expansion, reaching its peak in August of 1929. But by that time, unemployment increased while production declined; making stocks higher than their true value. Wages were low and consumer debt increased so many nervous investors started selling their overpriced stock. Something that many feared of finally happened, a stock market crash.  A record 12.9 million shares were traded that day, known as “Black Thursday.”
The stock market started to decline in August but a smaller decline happened in September; then 5 days after "Black Thursday", 16 million shares were traded on "Black Tuesday", which is known as "the stock market crash of October 29", the day the market declined heavily.

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The Great Depression impact anyone living anywhere. The economy dropped by 50% over the first five years of the downturn. Economic output in 1929 was $105 billion, as measured by gross domestic product (GDP); that's more than $1 trillion in today's value.

In August 1929, the economy began to contract. By the end of the year, one-third of all banks had collapsed. According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the economy dropped by 8.5 percent in 1930. (BEA). In 1931, GDP growth was 6.4 percent, and in 1932, it was 12.9 percent. By 1933, the country had been in a state of economic recession for at least four years. It only generated $57.2 billion, less than half of what it did in 1929.

Between 1929 and 1932, the stock market had lost 90% of its value. For the next 25 years, it was unable to recover. Markets on Wall Street have lost any credibility. Businesses, financial institutions, and individual investors were all wiped out. Investors and non-investors alike lost money. The money in their savings accounts was invested by their banks.

Unemployment was 4.2% in 1928, the final year of the Roaring Twenties. That's lower than the natural unemployment rate. It had more than quadrupled to 8.7 percent by 1930. It had risen to 23.6 percent by 1932. It peaked in 1933, with a percentage of roughly 25%. Nearly 15 million individuals were unemployed. That is the greatest jobless rate in American history.

Unemployment was reduced to 21.7 percent in 1934, 20.1 percent in 1935, 16.9 percent in 1936, and 14.3 percent in 1937 thanks to New Deal measures. In 1938, however, less substantial government expenditure drove unemployment back up to 19 percent. When looking at the unemployment rate by year, you can see that it stayed over 10% until 1941.

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The New Deal's success led many Americans to believe that the government would safeguard them from any economic downturn. People depended on themselves and each other to get through the Great Depression. They could rely on the federal government instead, thanks to the New Deal.

To safeguard the dollar's value, FDR changed the gold standard. As a result, President Richard Nixon decided to discontinue it totally in 1973.

In 1934, expenditures under the New Deal increased GDP by 10.8%. In 1935, it increased by 8.9%, 12.9 percent in 1936, and 5.1 percent in 1937.

Unfortunately, the government pulled back on New Deal expenditures, resulting in the economy contracting by 3.3 percent and the unemployment rate rising to 19 percent in 1938.

Growth increased by 8% in 1939 and 8.8% in 1940 as a result of World War II preparations. The United States entered World War II the next year, after Japan struck Pearl Harbor. Annual GDP growth accelerated to 17.7%.

Many of today's landmarks were built by the New Deal Public Works Administration (PWA). The Chrysler Building, Rockefeller Center, and Dealey Plaza in Dallas are all iconic structures. The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, the Triborough Bridge in New York, and the Overseas Highway in the Florida Keys are all bridges. La Guardia Airport, the Lincoln Tunnel, and the Hoover Dam are among the other Depression-era public works projects. Greendale, Wisconsin, Greenhills, Ohio, and Greenbelt, Maryland were all built from the ground up.

The New Deal and World War II expenditures transformed the economy from a free market to a mixed economy. Its success was considerably more reliant on government funding. The Great Depression chronology reveals that this was a slow, but essential, process.

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A year later in 1941, the blitz attack happneed between Germany and the United Kingdom. The bombing went on for 8 straight months and with a lot of severe damage dealt to both sides. Around 43,000 people have lost their loves during the bombings and over 143,000 injured. The damage dealt to both sides was around 2 million houses blown up and destroyed and buildings that were in ruins and 60% of this damage was done to London.

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On September 1, 1939, Germany attacked Poland, starting World War II in Europe. On September 3, the United Kingdom and France declared war on Germany. The German invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa, launched the war between the USSR and Germany on June 22, 1941. The fight would claim more lives and destroy more land and property around the world in the next six years than any previous conflict.

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Six years and one day after Germany's invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, which launched the twentieth century's second global conflict, World War II came to a conclusion. World War II cost the lives of an estimated 60-80 million people, or about 3% of the world's population, by the time it ended on the deck of an American warship on September 2, 1945. Civilians made up the great majority of those slain in history's worst war, including the 6 million Jews killed in Nazi concentration camps during World War II. German forces had seized much of Europe from the Black Sea to the English Channel by the time the United States entered World War II in response to the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor. The Allies, on the other hand, turned the course of the war, and the momentous events that followed brought World War II to a close.

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https://www.thebalance.com/effects-of-the-great-depression-4049299

https://www.history.com/topics/great-depression/great-depression-history

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression

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The Great Depression of 1929 devastated the U.S. economy. A third of all banks failed. Unemployment rose to 25%, and homelessness increased. Housing prices plummeted, international trade collapsed, and deflation soared. It took 25 years for the stock market to recover.

While the Great Depression took a huge toll on the U.S., there were a few good things that came from it. For example, the New Deal programs installed safeguards to make it less likely that the Depression could happen again.

Overall, the Great Depression had a tremendous impact on nine principal areas of the U.S. economy, which are outlined below.

Economy and Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

During the first five years of the depression, the economy shrank by 50%. In 1929, economic output was $105 billion, as measured by gross domestic product (GDP). That's equivalent to more than $1 trillion today.

The economy began shrinking in August 1929. By the end of the year, one-third of all banks had failed. In 1930, the economy shrank by another 8.5%, according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). GDP growth declined 6.4% in 1931 and 12.9% in 1932. By 1933, the country had suffered at least four years of economic contraction. It only produced $57.2 billion, half what it produced in 1929.

Part of the contraction was due to deflation. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the Consumer Price Index (CPI), which is used as a measure of inflation, fell by 25% between 1929 and 1933. Falling prices sent many firms into bankruptcy.

New Deal spending boosted GDP growth by 10.8% in 1934. It grew by another 8.9% in 1935, 12.9% in 1936, and 5.1% in 1937.

Unfortunately, the government cut back on New Deal spending and the depression returned, causing the economy to shrink by 3.3% and the unemployment rate to jump to 19% in 1938.

Preparations for World War II sent growth up by 8% in 1939 and by 8.8% in 1940. The next year, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, and the United States entered World War II. Annual GDP growth jumped to 17.7%.

The New Deal and spending for World War II shifted the economy from a pure free market to a mixed economy. It depended much more on government spending for its success. The timeline of the Great Depression shows this was a gradual-though necessary-process.

The Depression affected politics by shaking confidence in unfettered capitalism. That type of laissez-faire economics is what President Herbert Hoover advocated, and it had failed.

As a result, people voted for President Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR). His Keynesian economics promised that government spending would end the Depression. The New Deal worked. In 1934, the economy grew, and unemployment declined.

But FDR became concerned about adding to the U.S. debt. In 1933, the national debt was $22.5 billion, and by 1934, it was $27 billion. He cut back government spending by 1938, and the Depression resumed.

No one wants to make that mistake again. Politicians now tend to rely instead on deficit spending, tax cuts, and other forms of expansionary fiscal policy. Because of that, the U.S. national debt has increased to a very high level.

The Depression ended as government spending ramped up for World War II at the end of the 1930s and early 1940s. This change in spending led to the belief that military spending is good for the economy. However, since then, the government and economists have found that military spending is not a top way to create jobs.

The Dust Bowl drought destroyed farming in the Midwest. It lasted 10 years-too long for most farmers to hold out. To make things worse, prices for agricultural products dropped to severely low levels. As farmers left in search of work, they became homeless. Thousands of people with no money gathered in "cardboard shacks" called Hoovervilles.

In 1933, Prohibition was repealed. That allowed the government to collect taxes on sales of now-legal alcohol. FDR used the money to help pay for the New Deal.

The Depression was so severe and lasted so long that many people thought it was the end of the American Dream (the idea of guaranteed rights to pursue one's own vision of happiness). Instead, it changed that dream to include a right to material benefits.

Unemployment

In 1928, the final year of the Roaring Twenties, unemployment was 4.2%. That's less than the natural rate of unemployment. By 1930, it had more than doubled to 8.7%. By 1932, it had increased to 23.6%. It peaked in 1933, reaching up to around 25%. Almost 15 million people were out of work. That's the highest unemployment rate ever recorded in America.

New Deal programs helped reduce unemployment to 21.7% in 1934, 20.1% in 1935, 16.9% in 1936, and 14.3% in 1937. But less robust government spending in 1938 sent unemployment back up to 19%. It remained above 10% until 1941, as you can see when looking at the unemployment rate by year.

During the Depression, a third of the nation's banks failed. By 1933, 4,000 banks had failed. As a result, depositors lost $140 billion.

People were stunned to find out that banks had used their deposits toinvest in the stock market. They rushed to take their money out before it was too late. These "runs" forced even good banks out of business. Fortunately, that rarely happens anymore.

Stock Market

The stock market lost 90% of its value between 1929 and 1932. It didn't recover for 25 years. People lost all confidence in Wall Street markets. Businesses, banks, and individual investors were wiped out. Even people who hadn't invested lost money. Their banks invested the money from their savings accounts.

As countries' economies worsened, they erected trade barriers to protect local industries. In 1930, Congress passed the Smoot-Hawley tariffs, hoping to protect U.S. jobs.

Other countries retaliated. That created trading blocs based on national alliances and trade currencies. World trade plummeted by 66% (as measured in dollars) between 1929 and 1934. By 1939, it was still below its level in 1929.

Imports from Europe declined greatly between 1929 and 1932, dropping to $390 million from $1.3 billion at the start of the Depression. Exports to Europe also declined to $784 million from $2.3 billion during that same time.

Prices fell by 30% between 1930 and 1932. Deflation helped consumers whose income had fallen, but it hurt farmers, businesses, and homeowners because mortgage payments hadn't fallen by 30%. As a result, many defaulted on home loans. Homeowners lost everything and became migrants looking for work wherever they could find it.

Below you can see the CPI per year as an annual percent change:

Long-Term Impact

The success of the New Deal made many Americans expect that the government would save them from any economic crises. During the Great Depression, people relied on themselves and each other to pull through. The New Deal signaled that they could rely on the federal government instead.

FDR modified the gold standard to protect the dollar's value. That set a precedent for President Richard Nixon to end it completely in 1973.

The New Deal Public Works Administration (PWA) built many of today's landmarks. Iconic buildings include the Chrysler Building, Rockefeller Center, and Dealey Plaza in Dallas. Bridges include San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge, New York's Triborough Bridge, and the Florida Keys' Overseas Highway. Other Depression-era public works include La Guardia Airport, the Lincoln Tunnel, and Hoover Dam. Also, three entire towns were constructed: Greendale, Wisconsin; Greenhills, Ohio; and Greenbelt, Maryland.

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How the Great Depression Still Affects You Today

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The Great Depression of 1929 devastated the U.S. economy. A third of all banks failed. Unemployment rose to 25%, and homelessness increased. Housing prices plummeted, international trade collapsed, and deflation soared. It took 25 years for the stock market to recover.

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1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II
2.https://www.history.com/news/world-war-ii-end-events
3.https://www.britannica.com/study/world-war-ii-leaders

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World War II[b] or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis. Nearly all of the world’s countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks and aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the deadliest conflict in history, causing the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Germany, Austria, Japan, and Korea were occupied, and German and Japanese leaders were tried for war crimes.