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Andrei, Mihai. “The Types of Rock: Igneous, Metamorphic and Sedimentary.” ZME Science, 12 Jan. 2015,

https://www.zmescience.com/feature-post/natural-sciences/geology-and-paleontology/rocks-and-minerals/types-of-rock/.

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What are Igneous Rocks and how do they form?

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What are Igneous Rocks and how do they form?

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Igneous rocks are a type of rocks that have formed by the cooling of magma. There are many types of Igneous Rocks, some that cool at slower rates beneath Earth's crust, and others that cool immediately on Earth's surface, also known as intrusive and extrusive. Lets talk about them!

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What are Sedimentary Rocks and how do they form?

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What are Sedimentary Rocks and how do they form?

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Sedimentary Rocks are a type of rocks made from particles, bits, and pieces of other rocks, also known as sediments. They are formed through the processes of weathering and erosion, where rocks are broken down into smaller pieces. The sediments then overtime, are moved around by water or wind and accumulate in layers. They later go through compaction, which is the particles being packed together tightly and cementation, in which they are harden and together form Sedimentary Rocks! Sedimentary Rocks have three different types, clastic, organic, and chemical! Let's talk about them!

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What are Metamorphic Rocks and how do they form?

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What are Metamorphic Rocks and how do they form?

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Metamorphic Rocks are a type of rocks that are formed under the surface of earth. They are formed by intense heat and pressure. Compared to Igneous rocks that melt, Metamorphic Rocks do not melt and form below solid points. Many rocks contain some amount of crystals, however, what makes Metamorphic Rocks different is that some have variations or bands created by the crystals, which can be classified by foliated or non-foliated. Lets talk about them!

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How does the formation of extrusive Igneous Rock differ from that of intrusive Igneous Rock?

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How does the formation of extrusive Igneous Rock differ from that of intrusive Igneous Rock?

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Every Igneous Rock is unique, having its own process at its own time. As stated previously, some Igneous Rocks cool very slowly beneath the surface of the Earth, which are called Intrusive Igneous Rocks. The slow cooling process allows for crystals to develop and grow into large sizes, which we our able to see and measure with the naked eye. This gives many Igneous Rocks a cool look as it displays many colors and unique markings!

An Extrusive Igneous Rock on the other hand, is a type of Igneous Rock that cools immediately on Earth's Surface. Technically, it is not magma but lava that it is cooled from as it is no longer beneath Earth's crust. The fast-cooling process does not allow for crystals to form and gives the Igneous rock a cool, shiny look. We unfortunately are not able to see the crystals with the naked eye as the formation of them are super tiny and some rocks may even have no formation of crystals!

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This is Granite. Observing the Igneous Rock, you can see that there are large crystals within it! We know that the longer the cooling process takes, the bigger the crystals are!

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This is Obsidian. Observing the Igneous Rock, you can see that there are no crystals in sight. Because it cooled so fast, it formed a beautiful, shiny rock. We know that the faster the cooling process takes, the smaller the crystals are!

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Comparing and contrasting the three different kinds of Sedimentary Rocks:

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Comparing and contrasting the three different kinds of Sedimentary Rocks:

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Clastic Sedimentary Rocks-

Rocks formed by many small rock fragments that are transported and deposited by fluids such as water and bed flows. sandstone

Organic Sedimentary Rocks-

Rocks formed from parts of remains of plants, animals, shells, or even bones.

Chemical Sedimentary Rocks-

Rocks formed by when sediments dissolve in water then evaporate that water. As a result, these rocks form layers, called evaporites.

In similarity, the three kinds of rocks share the fact that they are all formed by many pieces of materials and accumulate in layers over time.

However, they all have differences by how they are formed. Some, like chemical rocks, are only formed if water is evaporated. They also don't contain the same materials as some like organic rocks, that contain the remains of animals, plants, and bones.

Although they have quite a few differences, these three kinds of Sedimentary Rocks are all unique and cool!

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This is Sandstone.

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This is coal.

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This is Halite.

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Characteristics of Foliated and Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rocks:

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Characteristics of Foliated and Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rocks:

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Foliated Metamorphic Rocks-

These are rocks that have formed bands of minerals due to immense pressure. These minerals form lines and create a parallel-like design on the rocks.

Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rocks-

These are rocks that have no formation of bands. They have no preferential alignment and appear to look crystalized!

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This is marble. Observing the Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rock, you can see the that the crystals are in different shapes and patterns and are not parallel-like.

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This is Gneiss. Observing the Foliated Metamorphic Rock, you can see that the crystals all follow the same pattern, seemingly parallel-like lines.

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Says, Rahat Hassan. “The 3 Rock Types Explained.” Untamed Science, 7 Jan. 2015,

https://untamedscience.com/blog/rock-types/.

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Quinn, Ashlinn. The Rock Cycle Interactive. Thirteen/WNET New York,

https://www.learner.org/series/interactive-rock-cycle.