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There are five components of reading instruction. They are phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension. Lets dive into each one individually!

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Classroom lessons:

1. Letter sound association

1. Write out the letter and say the sound it makes all together

2. This is good for every student because the teacher is showing the letter and its corresponding sound and allowing them to repeat it. The teacher can help those with exceptionalities as needed practicing the sounds.

2. ABC flashcards

1. Show a card with a letter and have them say the letter and the sound it makes

2. This can be differentiated by doing the cards together and saying the letters with the student and making the sound together.

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At home activity:

Letter hunt! Look at objects around the house and have them point out what letters they can see.

This will meet their needs because they are becoming familiar with the alphabet and will be able to point out the letters they are learning outside of the classroom. For children with exceptionalities, the parents can make it a team game and they can do it together and practice the letters and their sounds with each other.

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Website:

o   https://www.starfall.com/h/

This website is an interactive site to work on reading and writing skills. Children can go at their own pace and practice with fun interactive games. This is good for those with exceptionalities to practice and work on strengthening their reading skills.

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Lessons:

1. Word-picture matching game

1. Have the students match words to the corresponding pictures

2. Make the words match their development.

3. This can be differentiated for students with exceptionalities by having them complete the game with another friend or with the help of the teacher working together one-on-one.

2. I Spy with sound-letter matching

1. Write the alphabet on a white board and say I spy a letter that sounds like... and make the sound of a letter and have the students say the letter.

2. This can be differentiated for students with exceptionalities by having the teacher tell the student the letter and asking them to say the sound it makes or do it together with the student.

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At home activity:

Flashcards with words and pictures

Have them read the word or say what the picture is.

This will meet their needs because they can get a list of vocabulary words from school that they should know at their age and can practice at home. This can help those with exceptionalities build their vocabulary and practice more.

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Website:

o   Abcmouse.com

This is an interactive website with games to help with reading skills. Kids can play to help build their vocabulary. This will meet their needs because parents can put their child's age in it and it will have games at their developmental stage. This can be good for those with exceptionalities to practice more and work with their parents at home.

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Classroom activity:

1. Song performance

1. Have each child pick a nursery rhyme or song they know very well and have them perform it

2. This can be differentiated for students with exceptionalities by having them practice with a friend and perform it together or do it one-on-one with the teacher.

2. Beat the timer game with sight words

1. Go over a list of sight words with the students on flash cards then have them race against the clock to see how fast they can read through all of them.

2. This can be differentiated by not having students with exceptionalities being timed and allowing them to take their time to read the words or doing it with the teacher.

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At home

Read books aloud with the child and have them repeat the sentences you read to them to practice speaking out loud.

This will meet the child's needs because the books being read together are for their age and developmental stage. It will help them recognize words starting with simple words and working toward more complex words as the books get more challenging.

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Website

o   https://www.storyplace.org/

This website is designed for children to listen to and watch different online stories. There are different themes and activities to go along with them. This is meeting their needs because they are simple stories meant for preschoolers and each one comes with visual aids to support the stories.

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These activities and resources are targeted to preschool age children!

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Classroom activity:

1. The question game

1. Read a story to the class and ask them questions about what is going on, what will happen next, who a certain character is, and relationships between characters

2. This can be differentiated by working one-on-one with a child with exceptionalities.

2. Picture interpretations

1. Show pictures of different objects, people, or animals and have them describe what they think is going on or have them make up a story about what is happening

2. This can be differentiated for children with exceptionalities by asking them what they see in the picture and working on the lesson with them one-on-one.

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At home

Book club!

After reading books with the child sit and talk about what they just read like its your own book club.

This meets their needs because the books are at the developmental stage of the child and the parent can ask questions to get them thinking deeper or letting their imagination run free

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Website

o   https://www.storynory.com/

This is a website that provides various audio stories for kids. This can be good to listen with the child and then talk about what the story they just heard. This meets their needs because it allows them to talk about new stories and explain what happened or what the story was about.