# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Lascaux Paintings Date: 17,000 years old Location: France 

# data[].attributes.body
Cave paintings are the oldest paintings found in history. Some historians believe many of these paintings come from 30,000 B.C to 20,000 B.C. These painting created by the oldest human ancestors such as homo sapiens and neanderthals all over Europe. Made by crushed up charcoal mixed with other substances to create colors. Many holding either symbolic or religious meaning, most painting had a story which was significant to the painter

https://www.theartstory.org/movement/cave-art/

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Drawings of lions hunting bison in the End Chamber of Chauvet–Pont d'Arc, Ardèche, France.

# data[].attributes.body
The Caves at Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc are a showcase of human creativity. Created over 30,000 years ago the artwork shows depictions of animals with abstract symbols and how the artist viewed them. The artist used range of techniques such as shading and 3-D using to showcase animals seen back then such as mammoths using black charcoal and white engravings

https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1426/

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
The Standard of Ur (detail), mosaic of lapis lazuli, shell, coloured stone, and mother-of-pearl, c. 2500 BCE; in the British Museum, London.

# data[].attributes.body
Sumerian art represents the creativity and culture of one of the earliest civilizations. Created around 4000 to 2000 BCE, the artist wanted to show their legacy of their culture and religious beliefs with sculptures, carvings, and jewelry. The artwork reflects on their societies praise for gods, kings, and nature. Most pieces being created to tell a story of Sumerian's cultural richness.

https://www.thoughtco.com/sumerian-art-4142838#:~:text=Clay%20was%20the%20most%20abundant,securely%20mark%20documents%20or%20property.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Plastered skull, Tell es-Sultan, Jericho, from approximately 9000 years ago (British Museum)

# data[].attributes.body
Plastered skulls are pieces of art which date back to 9,500 years ago in Jericho. Artist would get a human skull and cover it in plaster representing their beliefs and rituals. Believed to merge the realms of the living and dead their art is the bridge to the afterlife. They hold history in ancient rituals and beliefs in human life and death for ancient civilizations

https://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/facing-past-jericho-skull

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Anubis weighing the soul of the scribe Ani, from the Egyptian Book of the Dead, c. 1275 BCE.

# data[].attributes.body
Ancient Egypt Art represents rooted religious and cultural traditions of the ancient civilization. Artist created enduring works which showed their prowess and spiritual beliefs such as pharaohs, gods, and daily life using wall paintings and sculptures. Artist used the artwork to reflect the afterlife which transports to divine worship, cultural richness, and civilization history

https://www.britannica.com/art/Egyptian-art

# data[].attributes.body
Ancient Greece and Rome art changed the way of western art. Greece artists emphasized in perfection and Rome artists focused on realism. They sculpted representations of gods, heroes, and athletes celebrated in their civilization. They also represented mythology with mosaics that captured the empire's architecture and buildings.

https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Greek-and-Roman-art/274650

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Justinian mosaic, 540s, San Vitale, Ravenna

# data[].attributes.body
The Medieval and Byzantine Era artwork were an era of numerous artist who created their art from the 4th to the 15th century. Played a crucial part as it contributed to their society as it showcased Emperors, religious expression, and imperial in their era. The artwork was mainly shown in architectural pieces such as their churches and royal buildings. They focused on dynamic lines and flat areas rather than form which showed a spiritual presence with brilliance of color.

https://www.britannica.com/art/Byzantine-art

# data[].attributes.body
The arts of the Islamic world contains many styles and expressions which contribute to the different regions of Islam. The artwork uses geometry patterns , often being used in architectures such as mosques and palaces. The artwork reflects the Islamic emphasis on abstract and non-representational forms, expressing spiritual and cultural values. Being made by Muslin artist each piece represents spiritual world of Islam and hold a theme

https://smarthistory.org/arts-of-the-islamic-world/

# data[].attributes.body
Goth Architecture is a style in Europe from the 12th century to 16th century. Used in monumental buildings such as churches many characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses these buildings showcase verticality and lightness. These architectural marvels reflect the religious devotion and technical advancements of the era and of their society.

https://www.britannica.com/art/Gothic-architecture

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Cimabue, Santa Trinita Madonna (Madonna and Child Enthroned), 1280-90, tempera on panel (Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence)

# data[].attributes.body
During the 13th century many cities moved on from the Italo-Byzantine style. Artists began creating frescoes and mosaics, they also painted using depicting space and figures. Many of these pieces told a story usually religious being illustrated by painters such as Giotto di Bondone. A common theme used was drama and emotion depicted in the painting to elaborate symbols and schemes in religion or beliefs during that era

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-herkimer-artappreciation/chapter/reading-florence-in-the-trecento-1300s/

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Domenico Veneziano, Italian, c. 1410 - 1461, Saint John in the Desert, c. 1445/1450, tempera on panel, 

# data[].attributes.body
In the 15th century Humanist in Florence looked for a new style for their city. Focusing on attention on man and human perception in subjects such as Christianity or portraits of people. Artist wanted to capture the beauty of perspective using at that time new techniques and focused on attention to detail for realism. This era focused on Artist usage of emotion, precision, and the human experience in their art.

https://www.nga.gov/features/slideshows/the-early-renaissance-in-florence.html#slide_8

# data[].attributes.body
In the High Renaissance to perfectly describe the era its best to look at the artist who represents the era the best- Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo when painting focused detail for realism while others focused on mannerism. An important piece was the Mona Lisa; a portrait focused on realism. Located in Louvre Museum with a size of 77cm X 53cm, the piece was painted by oil on canvas. The painting is described as the most popular portrait as it holds great detail and great realism

https://www.britannica.com/story/why-is-the-mona-lisa-so-famous#:~:text=There%20is%20no%20doubt%20that,is%20a%20very%20realistic%20portrait.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Frans Hogenberg, Iconoclasm 1566, 1566-70

# data[].attributes.headline
1500-1600 End of Renaissance and Reformation 

# data[].attributes.subject
1500-1600 End of Renaissance and Reformation 

# data[].attributes.body
During the end of the Renaissance and Reformation a big topic was Mannerism with the emergence of Baroque. Being majorly seen in historical forces such as protesting the spiritual and political power of the Church in Rome. At the end of the era was full of protest reformation where many were fighting the power of the Church and social ideologies.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/masteryart1/chapter/reading-1500-1600-end-of-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Giovanni Battista Gaulli, also known as il Baciccio, The Triumph of the Name of Jesus, Il Gesù ceiling fresco, 1672-1685

# data[].attributes.headline
The Baroque Art, Politics, and Religion in the 17th century Europe 

# data[].attributes.subject
The Baroque Art, Politics, and Religion in the 17th century Europe 

# data[].attributes.body
The Baroque era started in 1608 after the end of the Reformation era. Came as a response to criticism of the catholic church from the reformation. During this era artist tried going for a different approach with art being viewed as unconventional which is why it is considered "Baroque".

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/masteryart1/chapter/reading-the-baroque-art-politics-and-religion-in-seventeenth-century-europe/

# data[].attributes.headline
Eighteenth Century and Nineteenth Century 

# data[].attributes.subject
Eighteenth Century and Nineteenth Century 

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Wright of Derby, A Philosopher Giving A Lecture at the Orrery , 1765

# data[].attributes.body
The Enlightenment era is based on the way of thinking during time. During the 18th and 19th century many changed their way of thinking as everyone thought more scientifically driven. This was also the time the industrial revolution began. Many artists started focusing on scenes of experiment and machinery and focusing more on realism. Taking a different aproach on art with opposing religious themes and following scientific optimism.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-herkimer-artappreciation/chapter/reading-1700-1800-age-of-enlightenment/

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Nicolas Poussin, Et in Arcadia Ego, 1637-38, oil on canvas, 185 cm × 121 cm (72.8 in × 47.6 in) (Louvre)

# data[].attributes.body
Neoclassicism emerged in the 18th century, occuring similar time line to the Enlightenment era. Being characterized as a change in cultural shifts, artist started using more emotion and dramatic scenes in artwork as later being mixed with romanticism. Original Neoclassicism focused on using new techniques such as symmetry with emotionless and showing such in sculptures.

https://www.britannica.com/art/Neoclassicism

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Eugène Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People (July 28, 1830), September–December 1830, oil on canvas, 260 x 325 cm

# data[].attributes.body
After the French revolution came the Romanticism era which came from the enlightenment era and industrial revolution around the 18th century. Described as having the perspective of not painting about the truth, but painting how one feels. Many being influenced by the war and how it made citizens feel. Using brilliant color for the expression of human feeling

https://smarthistory.org/romanticism-in-france/

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, View from the Window at Gras, 1826

# data[].attributes.body
Early photography came with the invention of light sensitivity in the early 19th century. As to take a photograph took hours many artworks were described as stark black with white landscapes. "View from the Window" is one of the first pieces in early photography. Taken by a camera exposing light on a copper plated coated by silver, the image is the view of an outside window.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-arthistory2/chapter/introduction-to-early-photography/

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Beach Scene, oil on wood by Eugène Boudin, 1862; in the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

# data[].attributes.body
Impressionism is a movement developed in France during the late 19th century to early 20th century. A key distinction is artists trying to paint accurate visual in terms of light and color. Came from artist rejecting conventional painting and going with a different approach of conveying subject matter. Their point was to convey the subject using the qualities instead of the subject.

https://www.britannica.com/art/Impressionism-art

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, oil on canvas by Pablo Picasso, 1907; in the Museum of Modern Art, New York City.

# data[].attributes.body
Cubism was an art style created in the 20th century by the artist named Pablo Picasso. The style emphasized 2-d surface using opposite techniques of perspective. His artwork "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" located in New York best represents cubism using its foundations. Made with oil paint, with a size of 243 cm x 233 cm the piece showcase 5 models with a 2-d perspective showing different from the 19th century.

https://www.britannica.com/art/Cubism

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
The Liver Is the Cock's Comb, oil on canvas by Arshile Gorky, 1944; in the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York.

# data[].attributes.body
Abstract Expressionism began in the late 1940's conveys a different type of expression, made popular in the west. Artists were looking for a new way to share characteristics using extreme end features to display abnormal perspectives. Many pieces using varied styles to show from delicate pieces to aggressive shows of art.

https://www.britannica.com/art/Abstract-Expressionism

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Umberto Boccioni, Materia, 1912 (reworked 1913), oil on canvas, 226 x 150 cm (Mattioli Collection loaned to Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice)

# data[].attributes.body
Italian Futurism was an era in mid 20th century in which artists wanted to showcase modern industrialization as they wanted to show the new world and technology. "Materia" by Umberto Boccioni, created in 1912, size of 226 x 150 cm, showcases the industrialization shown in art. Made by oil on canvas the piece showcases futuristic machinery which uses light bulbs, wires, and electricity showing off industrialization machines and it's future vibe

https://smarthistory.org/italian-futurism-an-introduction/

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Sophie Taeuber-Arp: Composition of Circles and Overlapping Angles, oil on canvas, 495×641 mm, 1930 (New York, Museum of Modern Art)

# data[].attributes.body
Dada and Surrealism were movements of the early 20th century which helped define modern and abstract art. The Dada movement was started after WW1 propaganda and rejected the ideas of idealism art. While Surrealism was created to reject Western emphasis on logic and reason. The art being produced showcased unlogical art to where at a glance makes no sense. It gave an unconventional look visualizing mystery which is what artists looked for.

https://www.oxfordartonline.com/page/1620

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Great Exhibition of German Art catalogue cover, 1937 

# data[].attributes.body
Art in Nazi Germany was an era which began before WWII in 1930's. During this time started the reign of Hitler who wanted to spread propaganda to Germans to follow his lead. Hitler wanted to rule Germany and to do so he needed support by his people which he believed artwork would help. Most of the artwork at this time used symbolism and was made to promote Nazi ideology through art. Most of this art was made purposely only for propaganda for the Nazi reign

https://smarthistory.org/art-in-nazi-germany/

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
View of the exhibition Liz Deschenes: Gallery 7, 2014

# data[].attributes.body
Contemporary Art is the era of art in which most artists are alive today meaning this takes place in late 20th and now 21 century. The work often reflects perspectives the world holds today and what currently means to us in society. Shares art with qualities which are recognizable today and can be answered with modern questions.

https://walkerart.org/visit/what-is-contemporary-art

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Joseph Kosuth. One and Three Chairs. 1965

# data[].attributes.body
Conceptual is modern day art made in the late 20th century. It is the idea in which a theme can be expressed using the showcase of other objects. Instead of using your own qualities you use already existing qualities by using already made objects. Artists use this method to express an idea using production, distribution, and display.

https://www.moma.org/collection/terms/conceptual-art