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My family and I are fortunate to eat nutritious food.

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To me, the concept of health encompasses the state of being physically active, cognitively sound, and socially healthy, which collectively enable me to flourish in my daily routine. I experience a state of well-being when my physical and cognitive faculties are free from illness and pain. In addition, I prefer to spend my leisure time doing some yoga, as it helps me cope with any kind of stress and anxiety.

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Cham dance is often done during Tshechu, Bhutan's yearly festivals, as a sign of reverence for Buddhism and the saints. The elaborate dances not only demonstrate people's abilities but also reflect the beauty of Buddhism into people's spirits. This dancing performance has been shown to be therapeutic and beneficial to mental health.

S., & S. (2022, June 10). Bhutan Traditional Dances - History &amp; Types of Dances in Bhutan. Bhutan Tours. https://www.gobhutantours.com/traditional-dances-of-bhutan/

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Tsheringma tea is a traditional Bhutanese herbal tea. The tea is made from the petals of the safflower plant (Carthamus tinctorious) and cinnamon bark from the species Cinnamomum tsmala. In addition to making you feel better overall, the tea is also said to benefit your cardiovascular system, liver, nervous system, and digestive system.

RAOnline Bhutan: Tsheringma - A drink with a difference. (n.d.). https://www.raonline.ch/pages/story/rap_btstory7.html

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The former health minister Sangay Nidup, along with his colleagues.

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In 2002, the Bhutan Health Trust Fund's growth had pretty much stopped. That's when the country's minister of health, Sangay Ngedup, came up with the idea of a 560-kilometre sponsored walk over the course of 15 1/2 days. The minister and his friends went on to travel across the country and stopped at several places to talk about how important health is. Talking to locals about things like exercise, cleanliness, food, and breastfeeding was one way they got people to use health care tools and live healthier lives. Several different areas gave money to the Trust Fund to keep it going.

Move for health minister's walk - Bhutan. (2003, April 14). The Communication Initiative Network. https://www.comminit.com/polio/content/move-health-ministers-walk-bhutan

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Education is recognised as a fundamental right and a need for living a healthy lifestyle. Bhutan is one of the few countries that provides free education to its citizens. The government's goal is to obtain the best quality education possible.

A., & A. (2021, July 15). Education in Bhutan - GlobalReachBhutan. GlobalReachBhutan -. https://globalreach.bt/education-in-bhutan/

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Picture of My King playing the national game Archery

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In Bhutan, each village is equipped with its own archery range, where village teams engage in passionate competitions against one another in boisterous tournaments that last for prolonged durations. Women also participate as fans, engaging in dance performances to entertain the audience. The primary objective of this game is to enhance community unity by creating compassion among individuals. Archery is considered to be a highly beneficial kind of physical activity. Additionally, it has been recognised for its potential positive impact on mental well-being.

Try your hand at Bhutanese archery | Selective Asia. (n.d.). https://www.selectiveasia.com/bhutan-holidays/experiences/try-your-hand-at-bhutanese-archery

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Ema datshi. Recipe from Bhutan Travelers.

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Ema Datshi, a frequently consumed curry dish within my tradition, is characterised by its simplicity in preparation. The consumption of ema datshi is a daily practise for us, and in certain cases, it is even incorporated into every meal. I derive pleasure from preparing this dish when I have visitors at home, since it is well-received due to the flavorful organic chilli available in my homeland. Having acquired knowledge on the Australian dietary requirements, I am now motivated to implement a nutritious food diet for both my family and friends.

Recipe below

Ingredients

10 oz. chili peppers

sliced 1 onion and tomato

3 cloves garlic , crushed

1 tablespoon unsalted butter

10 oz cheese

Salt

1 cup water

Method

Heat a pan and add butter. Add the sliced onion, tomato and chillies. Give them a quick toss and the water. Season them with salt. Cover and cook until the peppers become tender.

Turn off the flame and add the cheese and let it melt in the residual heat.

Serve it over a bed of red or white rice.

Nutritional  information per serve (recipe serves one small bowl)

Amount Per 1 Serving
Calories | 422.59 Kcal (1769 kJ) |
Calories from fat | 144.3 Kcal
|  | % Daily Value* |
Total Fat | 16.03g | 25% |
Cholesterol | 35.72mg | 12% |
Sodium | 499.03mg | 21% |
Potassium | 405.25mg | 9% |
Total Carbs | 60.2g | 20% |
Sugars | 8.78g | 35% |
Dietary Fiber | 4.85g | 19% |
Protein | 12.17g | 24% |
Vitamin C | 162.9mg | 271% |
Iron | 1.7mg | 9% |
Calcium | 205.1mg | 21% |

* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2000 calorie diet. Your daily values may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs.

Ramesh, N. (2023, May 13). Ema Datshi. 196 Flavors. https://www.196flavors.com/ema-datshi/

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Principle health issues that refugees face

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Principle health issues that refugees face

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Afghanistan, an economically disadvantaged nation, experienced a further exacerbation of poverty as a result of its international isolation and the economic disruptions resulting from the Taliban's assumption of power in 2021. The Australian Government has allocated a total of 26,500 visas to be granted specifically for Afghan individuals to relocate to Australia as part of the offshore humanitarian programme, spanning through 2026. Three common health concerns listed for Australian refugees are malaria, mental health, and intestinal parasites.

Malaria is a tropical illness caused by Plasmodium parasites that is usually transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. One treatment option for Afghan refugees who have tested positive for malaria is the WHO-recommended artemether/lumefantrine.

Mental health refers to an individual's state of emotional, psychological, and social well-being. A prevalent and efficacious treatment modality for individuals with mental health conditions is the implementation of frequent assessments and the provision of support aimed at mitigating experiences of social isolation.

Human intestinal parasites, often known as intestinal worms or helminths, can infect the gastrointestinal tract. These parasites may live in the intestines and cause a variety of gastrointestinal and health issues after being eaten in contaminated food, water, or soil. Albendazole can also treat roundworm, hookworm, threadworm, whipworm, pinworm, fluke, and other parasite infections.

Australian Refugee Health » Primary Care for People of Refugee Backgrounds. (n.d.). https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/

Immigrant Health Service : Afghan refugees - key issues. (n.d.). https://www.rch.org.au/immigranthealth/clinical/Afghan_refugees_-_key_issues/#:~:text=Acute%20physical%20and%20mental%20health,A%20in%20the%20differential%20diagnosis.

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Sri Lankan migrants bound for Australia (AP Photo/Irwin Fedriansyah, File) Source: A

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The World Health Organisation (WHO) lists a number of social factors that have a big effect on the health of migrants and refugees in Australia, and I will focus on three WHO social determinants:
1. Income and Social Protection:
As a refugee in Australia, it can be hard to get a steady and enough-to-live-on income because of things like language barriers, discrimination, and not being able to get your foreign credentials recognised. Not knowing if you will have a job can cause stress about money, which can make it harder to get medical care and make people more likely to be affected by health gaps.

2. Education:
Education is a key factor that affects health and can have a big effect on the health of migrant and refugee people in Australia because it is closely linked to language skills, which are necessary to understand medical information, talk to health professionals, and make smart decisions about their health. Because they haven't had much schooling, they have trouble understanding health information, which makes it harder for them to use the healthcare system successfully.

3. Housing, Basic Amenities, and the Environment:
Housing insecurity, overcrowding, and exposure to environmental risks can all have a negative impact on the health of refugees and migrants in Australia. Overcrowding and poor living conditions can raise the risk of infectious illnesses, especially in communal settings. Lack of access to safe neighbourhoods, clean water, and sanitary services can all contribute to a variety of health problems.

Social determinants of health. (2019, May 30). www.who.int. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1

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The most important thing to me about competency standard 12.3 was that it highlighted how important it is for clinicians to follow strict ethical rules and adhere to certain principles when they are caring for people from migrant and refugee backgrounds in a way that is sensitive to their culture. Self-awareness has grown for me as I have learned how my own cultural values and biases affect how I care for patients. I feel like I can better care for those people from a different culture now that I know more about person-centred and family-focused care, access and equality, quality and safety, dignity and respect, and good communication. I need to be able to use this skill at work because I want to give my best care possible to people from migrant and refugee backgrounds by making sure I do not do any bias and they get care that is not only clinically effective but also culturally sensitive and takes into account their individual needs and preferences.

Migrant and Refugee Women’s Health Partnership 2019, Culturally responsive clinical practice: working with people from migrant and refugee backgrounds: competency standards framework for clinicians, Migrant and Refugee Women’s Health Partnership, [Kingston], viewed 10 Oct 2023, <https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/competency-standards-framework/>.