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hamburg fire-storm

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goebbels speech rallied the people for total war

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german surrender at stalingrad

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german defeat at EL alamein

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speer`s reforms to mobilise the war economy

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german declaration of war on USA following pearl harbor -- continental war ´globalized`

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óperation barbarossa`-- german invasion of USSR

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britain and france declared war

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german invasion of poland

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Women can vote

Women are able to be members of the Reichstag

Women employment rose

New women

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April:

Allied forces liberate concentration camps

May 8: Germany surrenders

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Sep 1:

The start of WWII - workers focus on war production

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Sep 15: Nuremberg laws

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– DAF control over workers

– Germany began the attempts to reduce unemployment

– German Reich Labour Service

– Beauty of labour (SDA)

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Jan 30:

Hitler becomes chancellor

May 2:

Nazi ban trade unions/arrest leaders

May 10: German labour front created (DAF)

November: Strength through Joy program (KDF)

The pronatalism

Marriage loans schemes

the nazi scraped the law of abortion

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Himmlers apparatus of terror

education + hitler youth

goebbels propaganda

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World War II, precipitated by Hitler’s aggressive expansionist policies.

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After Hindenburg’s death, Hitler combines the positions of Chancellor and President, becoming Führer and Reich Chancellor, giving him absolute power.

<all before are evidence)

night of the long knives

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The Enabling Act gives Hitler dictatorial powers.

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The Reichstag fire is used by Hitler to consolidate power.

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Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg.

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Hitler runs for president but loses; however, the Nazis become the largest party in the Reichstag.

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The Nazi Party gains significant seats in the Reichstag (German parliament) amid economic turmoil.

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democratic campaign

After his release, Hitler rebuilds the Nazi Party, focusing on legal, political strategies.

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Trial

While in prison, Hitler wrote “Mein Kampf”, outlining his ideology.

Mein Kampf published in 1925

electoral system

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He leads the Beer Hall Putsch, an unsuccessful coup in Munich. Hitler is arrested and sentenced to prison.

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The DAP becomes the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), or Nazi Party. Hitler plays a key role in defining its ideology and approach.

Hitler becomes the leader (Führer) of the Nazi Party.

25-point programme

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Hitler joins the German Workers’ Party (DAP).

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unemployment insurance act - allowed all persons covered by the various systems of health insurance to participate in unemployment insurance.

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germany admitted to the league of nations;

gustav stresemann awarded the nobel peace prize

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lorcano pact - series of agreements whereby Germany, France, Belgium, Great Britain, and Italy mutually guaranteed peace in western Europe. to secure borders of the nations of Europe after the First World War. Germany agreed to the border with France, and as a result of this France agreed that they would be in a state of peace with Germany.

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Dawes plan - international financial agreement aimed at stabilising Germany's post-World War I economy.

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end to passive resistance ;

introduction of the retenmark

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hitler's beer hall putsch took place in munich

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germany called off it's policy of passive resistance

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french troops occupied the ruhr

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murders of Erzberger and Rathenau by organisation consul

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the kapp putsch

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germany signed the treaty of versailles

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bavarian soviet republic overthrown

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Spartacus week in Berlin: communist revolt suppressed by free corps

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fighting on the western front ended by the armstice

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abdication of the kaiser;

resignation of prince max; socialist government in power

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socialism-run sovietis take control of germany's major cities

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the 'revolution from above'

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Hitler consolidates his absolute power.

To 1933-34 political opposition is systematically eliminated, and the Nazi regime consolidates its power. In aug 34, president Hindenburg dies, and Hitler combines the roles of President and Chancellor, becoming the sole leader of Germany. While Hitler's appointment as Chancellor followed legal procedures, the methods employed to expand his power and ultimately establish a totalitarian regime involved significant manipulation, intimidation, and the erosion of democratic principles. Hitler's rise to power can be characterized as a legal but deeply undemocratic process.

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Hitler was appointed as Chancellor by von Papen and exploited the Reichstag Fire to pass the Reichstag Fire Decree, suspending civil liberties. The Enabling Act granted the government the authority to enact laws without parliamentary approval. They systematically eliminated political opposition, centralized power, controlled information through propaganda, established a police state, enacted racial laws, expanded territorially, and conducted a reign of terror.

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Failed attempts of ´presidential government`.

This two attempts were led by Heinrich Brüning and Franz von Papen. The Great Depression and economic crisis, political polarization, authoritarian use of presidential powers, frequent changes in government, weak electoral mandates, and the inability to control rising extremist movements contributed to their failures. These circumstances ultimately led to the erosion of the Weimar Republic's democratic institutions and paved the way for Adolf Hitler's rise to power, marking the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the Nazi regime.

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Replacement of the ´presidential government` to ´parliamentary government`.

This transformation was prompted by the Great Depression, political polarization, and economic instability. President Paul von Hindenburg's use of presidential decrees, appointment of technocratic governments, and dissolution of the Reichstag played a significant role in concentrating power in the presidency and sidelining the parliamentary system. This transition was a response to the challenges of the time but ultimately contributed to the erosion of democratic institutions and set the stage for Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933.

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Reichstag election: Nazis won 17.3 million votes and 288 seats

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Reichstag election: Nazis won 11.7 million votes and 197 seats

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Reichstag election: Nazis won 13,8 million votes and 230 seats

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Presidential election: Hitler won 11.3 million votes in the first round and 13.4 million in the second one

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Reichstag election: Nazis won 6.4 million votes and 107 seats

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Reichstag election: Nazis won 0.8 million votes and 12 seats

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Hitler and the Nazis invited to join Hugenberg´s campaign against the Young Plan.

Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party were invited to join a coalition, led by Alfred Hugenberg, opposing the Young Plan, a revision of Germany's war reparations following World War I. The plan aimed to reduce reparations, but right-wing groups, including the Nazis, saw it as a shame. Although the campaign against the Young Plan did not succeed, it allowed the Nazis to gain political exposure and experience. The united front also fueled right-wing frustration and anti-republican sentiment in Weimar Germany.

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Bamberg Conference, feb.

The primary purpose of the Bamberg Conference was to resolve internal ideological differences and establish a clear and unified party platform. The conference aimed to clarify the party's stance on key issues and its overall direction. At the time, Strasser was a leading member of the party and had a more socialist and populist vision for the NSDAP, which contrasted with Hitler's more radical and authoritarian stance. Hitler delivered a speech in which he asserted his authority as the unquestioned leader of the Nazi Party and outlined the party's ideology. This speech effectively solidified his position as the party's "Führer" (leader) and marked a shift toward a more radical and authoritarian direction for the NSDAP. This led to Hitler becoming the leader.

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Publication of Mein Kampf (´My Struggle`)

Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf" was published, serving as both his autobiography and political manifesto. The book talked about aggressive nationalism, territorial expansion, authoritarian government, and persecution of Jews. The book became a "holy bible" to his followers, who saw him as a type of "Messiah", a saviour.

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Hitler´s treason trial.

Although it seemed that it was the end of the Nazi party, it was the opposite. During his trial, Hitler not only defended himself by portraying him as a patriot who wanted the best for the germans, he also got a chance to spread his extremist ideas. He was sentenced for 5 years in prison but, with his charm, only stayed there for 9 months. The trial gave Hitler a national platform to promote his views, and while in prison, he wrote "Mein Kampf," a foundational text for Nazi ideology.

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The beer Hall Putsch took place in Munich.

It was a failed coup attempt where they tried to overthrow the Weimar Republic. Hitler and his supporters stormed a beer hall meeting and later attempted a march through Munich, resulting in confrontations and violence. Hitler was arrested and put on trial for treason.

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Foundation of the NSDAP; publication of the NSDAP´s Twenty-Five Point Programme.

February 24, 1920, the party published its Twenty-Five Point Programme, outlining its radical beliefs and goals, including nationalism, anti-Semitism, anti-communism, territorial expansion, and social and economic reforms. This program marked the party's commitment to an authoritarian agenda and set the stage for their rise to power.