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-The United States has imposed restrictions on activities with Iran under various legal authorities since 1979, following the seizure of the U.S. Embassy in Tehran.

-The US has imposed sanctions against Iran in response to the Iranian nuclear program and Iranian support to certain places that are considered terrorist organizations by the United States.

-It decreased the Iranian government's ability to finance its missile programs, international terrorism, and destabilizing regional interventions.

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Cuba

In February 1962 John F Kennedy announced an embargo on the trade between the US and Cuba.

The reason the embargo happened was because the government refused to move toward "democratization and greater respect for human rights.

The results of the sanctions/embargo in Cuba were declining nutrition levels, rising rates of infectious diseases/violent death, and deteriorating public health infrastructure.

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North Korea

From 1950 to 2008, trade between the United States and North Korea was restricted under the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917. After 2008, some restrictions related to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act stayed in effect.

After decades of economic mismanagement and resource misallocation, the DPRK since the mid-1990s has faced chronic food shortages. In recent years, the North's domestic agricultural production has increased, but still falls far short of producing sufficient food to provide for its entire population.

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December 19th 2014, U.S. president Obama imposed sanctions on Russian-occupied Crimea by executive order prohibiting exports of U.S. goods and services to the region

Some governments and international organisations led by the U.S. and European Union responded to the annexation of Crimea by Russian Federation and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine with imposed sanctions on Russian individuals and businesses.

The sanctions contributed to the collapse of the Russian ruble and worsened the economic impact of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. They also caused economic damage to the EU economy, with total losses estimated at €100 billion (as of 2015).

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-On 19 December 2014

-In response to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

-Russia's revenues from fossil fuels are diminishing

At first, Russia benefited from growing prices of fossil fuels on global markets, but sanctions targeting oil imports that came into force have resulted in limiting Russia's revenues.

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Syria

Due to U.S sanctions banning the export, sale or supply of goods, software, technology and services to Syria, people in Syria are barred from accessing Western online platforms used for education, online shopping, work or leisure, such as Google, Netflix, Amazon (company), Zoom (software), Apple Inc. etc

Mainly as a result of the repression of civilians in the Syrian civil war from 2011 onward.

A broader chilling affect