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Ibnu Sina or in Latin Avicenna is a Muslim scientist. He is an expert in medicine and anatomy. He comes from Afshana, Bukhara. His father was the Governor of Kharmaithan who prioritized education in his family. It is not surprising that Ibn Sina liked to study and had memorized the Koran since childhood. When he was a teenager, many people came to him for treatment. Over the years many books have been written primarily about medicine. One of his works is the Book of Medicine, Al-Qaanuun fii Al-Thibb.

Nama:aurrel zhafira putri

Kelas:8a

Absen:5

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Ir. Sukarno and all his nationalist fellows collaborated to collect support in spreading nationalist ideas. When Japan surrender the Indonesian independence was declared by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta on 17 August 1945. At the same time, Sukarno was appointed as the president and Mohammad Hatta as vice president. After became president, Sukarno had to fight once again against resisting Dutch re-colonization efforts.

After parliamentary democracy chaos in 1957, Sukarno put an autocratic system called Guided Democracy. It successfully ended the rebellions and instability which were threatening the country. In the early 1960s, Sukarno brought the country to the Soviet by giving protection and support to the Indonesian Communist Party.

Unfortunately, the 30 September movement in 1965 ended the communist era and Sukarno’s position as president was replaced by Suharto, the man who became president for 32 years. After Suharto in charged, Sukarno was exiled to Bogor and spent the rest of his lif

Nama: Rafasyah Humairah

Absen: 25

Kelas: VlllA (8A)

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Alexandro volta was born in 18 Februari 1745 in Como, italy, and he died on the 5th of March 1827 in the same place. His criteria were first to invent. And with these criteria, he discovered the first battery in 1800. This is only one of his inventions. He invented also the electrophonic which is one instrument for the accumulation of static electricity. The next one is the electroscope. Is the tool for highlighting the potential diferences. And the first battery in the history was invented by him called ,,cell voltaic” which allows the transformation of chemical energy into electricity. Alexandro Volta studied a lot and fallow one chemistry school. After his results, he was a teacher of one big and important university. In 1775 he devised the electropus. After 2 years, he started to study the chemistry and in the same time he discovered the methane. In 1779 he became a professor of physics at one university. In 1800 the important one year, he discovered the so called voltaic pile. After ten years Napoleon made him count. After, in 1815 the Emperor of Austria named him a professor of philosophy at Padova. He worked where he published 5 volumes in Florence after one year. In 1888 the volt was name in his honour ( volt from Volta ). The history ( timeline ) before in 1748 Benjamin Frankin first coined the term ,,battery” to describe an array of charged glass plates. In 1780 to 1786 Luis Giovanni demonstrated what we now understand to be electrical basis of nerve impulses and provided the cornerstone of research for later inventions like Volta to create batteries. In 1800, Alexandro Volta showed people that he didn’t discover just the battery, but also he discovered the first practical method of generating electricity. After some good years, in 1836, the voltatic pile could not delivered electrical current for a long time. So John Daniel Cell used two electrolytes: copper sulphate and zinc sulphate. After the first invention of his, some important people realised also something important like William Robert Grove. He developed the first full cell that provided electrical by combining hydrogen and oxygen. In 1839 - 1842 the inventori created improvements to batteries that used liquid electrodes to produsen electricity. The most successful was invented by Bunaken (1842) and Grove (1839). Lugi Gavalani notes ,,the animal electricity “ because, when two different metals

Nama : Halimatussadiah

Kelas : 8A

No absen : 15

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RA Kartini was born to a noble family on April 21, 1879, in the village of Mayong, Java, Indonesia. Ngasirah, Kartini’s mother, was the daughter of a religious scholar.

Sosroningrat, Her father, was a Javanese aristocrat working for the Dutch colonial government. At the age of 6, this afforded Kartini the opportunity to go to a Dutch school.

The school opened Kartini’s eyes to Western ideals. During this time, she also took sewing lessons from Mrs. Marie Ovink-Soer, another regent’s wife.

Ovink-Soer began to impart her feminist views to her, and therefore instrumental in planting the seed for Kartini’s later.

When she reached adolescence, Javanese tradition dictated that Kartini leave her Dutch school for the sheltered existence deemed appropriate to a young female noble.

Struggling to adapt, she wrote letters to Ovink-Soer and her many Dutch schoolmates, she wrote about protesting gender inequality of Javanese traditions such as forced marriages at a young age.

In Kartini’s eagerness to escape her isolation about her fidgetiness, Kartini had to accept a marriage proposal arranged by her father.

She wed the regent of Rembang, Raden Adipati Joyodiningrat on November 8, 1903. She had recently been offered a scholarship to study abroad, and the marriage dashed her hopes of accepting its scholarship.

According to Javanese tradition, at 24 Kartini was too old to expect to marry well. Intent on spreading her feminist message.

With Kartini new husband’s approval, Kartini set about her planning to start own school for girls of Javanese In 1903.

She opened the first Indonesian primary school for native girls that did not discriminate on the basis of their social status with help from the Dutch government.

The school was set up inside the home of Kartini’s father, and taught girls a progressive, Western-based curriculum.

To her, the ideal education for a young woman encouraged empowerment and enlightenment. Kartini also promoted their lifelong pursuit of education.

Kartini corresponded with feminist Stella Zeehandelaar regularly as well as numerous Dutch officials with the authority to further the cause of Javanese women’s emancipation from oppressive laws and traditions.

Kartini’s letters also expressed her Javanese nationalist sentiments. Kartini died in the regency of Rembang, Java, of complications from giving birth to her first child on September 17, 1904.

Abendanon published Kartini’s letters, entitled “From Darkness to Light: Thoughts About and on Behalf of the Javanese People” seven years after her death.

In Indonesia, Kartini Day is still celebrated annually on Kartini’s birthday, April 21.

Nama: Safa lapino putri

Kelas:8a

Nomor absen:30

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Tuanku imam Bonjol is a national hero of Indonesia. he was born in bojol, Pasaman, West Sumatra, Indonesia in 1772. and he died in Pineleng, Minahasa on November 6, 1864. he was a Mufti, a leader who fought against the Dutch in the padre war in 1803 until 1838. tuanku imam Bonjol received the title of national hero of Indonesia with the decree of the president of the Republic of Indonesia number 087 / TK / 1973 on November 6, 1973. the real name of tuanku imam Bonjol is Muhammad Shahab.

He was the son of a father named bayanuddin and his mother named hamatun. his father, khatib bayanuddin was a Mufti who came from rimbang river, suliki, fifty cities, as a Mufti and a community leader, Muhammad Shahab got an honor as a peto Sharif, Malin basa and tuanku imam, tuanku nan renceh from Kamang, Agam was the leader of the tiger nan salapan told him to become an imam or community leader for the Padri in Bonjol. He was eventually better known as Tuanmu Imam Bonjol. So, that's a little story about Tuanku Imam Bonjol, hopefully it can add to your information and thank you.

NAMA: RANJANI QUINZAH

KELAS:8A

NO ABSEN:27

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Muh. Yamin was born in West Sumatra on August 28, 1903. He began to actively participate in the organization when he became a member of Jong Sumatranen Bond (JSB). And at that time he served as a member of the board of directors.

He proposed the idea of Indonesian unity in 1923. When he delivered a speech in Dutch at the JSB event, namely Lustrum I Jong in Jakarta. In Indonesian, his speech was entitled "Malay Language in the Past, Present and Future".

Later, the idea of unity was reiterated at the First Youth Congress in 1926. Then Muh. Yamin reiterated it at the Youth Oath Day in 1928.

In addition, he played an active role in the Indonesian Independence Preparation Investigation Board (BPUPKI) and also held a position as a small committee. His thoughts on the philosophical basis of the state, which later became known as Pancasila, were also discussed during the committee meeting.

After the independence of Indonesia, Muh. Yamin was appointed as a member of KNIP, Chairman of BAPPENAS, Minister of Education and Culture, First Deputy for Special Affairs, and Minister of Information. He died in Jakarta in 1962 and was buried in Talawi, Sawahlunto, West Sumatra.

Based on Presidential Decree No. 088 / TK / 1973, Muh. Yamin was declared a Hero of the National Movement.

Nama: Aisyah Nur Marizky

Absen: 02

Kelas: VIII A (8A)

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Sukarno.

Sukarno was the first president of Indonesia. He was born in 6 June 1901 and died in 21 June 1970. He led his country to fight against Netherlands and the man who proclaimed the independence. Sukarno was a prominent leader of nationalist movement during the colonial period. He spent more than a decade under the detention before released by the Japanese force.

Ir. Sukarno and all his nationalist fellows collaborated to collect support in spreading nationalist ideas. When Japan surrender the Indonesian independence was declared by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta on 17 August 1945. At the same time, Sukarno was appointed as the president and Mohammad Hatta as vice president. After became president, Sukarno had to fight once again against resisting Dutch re-colonization efforts.

After parliamentary democracy chaos in 1957, Sukarno put an autocratic system called Guided Democracy. It successfully ended the rebellions and instability which were threatening the country. In the early 1960s, Sukarno brought the country to the Soviet by giving protection and support to the Indonesian Communist Party.

Unfortunately, the 30 September movement in 1965 ended the communist era and Sukarno’s position as president was replaced by Suharto, the man who became president for 32 years. After Suharto in charged, Sukarno was exiled to Bogor and spent the rest of his life there.

NAMA: NAJWAH NOOR FADILAH

KELAS: VIII.A

NO ABSEN: 22

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The Biography Of Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie

The third President of the Republic of Indonesia, Jusuf Habibie Bacharuddin born in Pare-Pare, South Sulawesi, on June 25, 1936. He was the fourth child of eight siblings, spouse Alwi Abdul Jalil Habibie and RA. Tuti Marini Puspowardojo. Habibie, who is married to Hasri Ainun Habibie on May 12, 1962 was blessed with two sons namely Ilham Akbar and Thareq Kemal.

Habibie passed his childhood with his brothers in Pare Pare, South SulawesiThe nature firmly adhered to the principle has been demonstrated Habibie since childhoodHabibie, who had a penchant for riding a horse, had to lose his father, who died on 3 September 1950 due to a heart attack. Shortly after his father diedHabibie moved to London to study at Gouvernments Middlebare School. In high school, he began to look outstanding achievements, especially in the exact sciences lessons. Habibie a favorite figure in the school.

After graduating high school in Bandung in 1954, he entered the University of Indonesia in Bandung (ITB Now) He received his Diploma from the Technische HochschuleGermany in 1960 and then getting gekar Doctorate from the same place in 1965Habibie was married in 1962and had two children. 1967, to honor Professor (Professor) at the Institute of Technology Bandung.

Steps Habibie much admiredfull of controversy, a lot of admirers but not a few who did not agree with him. Each time, the winner of the prestigious Theodore van Karman Awardis back from the "habitat" of the Germans, he was always in the news. Habibie just a year studying at ITB Bandung10 years of college until my doctorate aircraft construction in Germany with honors Summa Cum laude. Then work in the aircraft industry leading MBB Gmbh Germany, prior to the call of President Soeharto to return to Indonesia.

In Indonesia, Habibie 20 years as Minister of State for Research and Technology/Chief BPPT, leading the 10 companies owned strategic industries, selected MPR became Vice President, and was sworn in by the Chief Justice to replace President Soeharto. Suharto handed the presidency to Habibie under Article 8 of the 1945 Constitution. Until finally forced Habibie also resigned due to referendum East Timor voted for independence MPR his accountability speech was rejected. He went back to ordinary citizens, restored live migrated

to Germany.

Nama : Nikita Cyntya Sari

Kelas : 8A

Absen : 23

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Biography of Biography of Walt Disney

Walt Disney was born with the name Walter Elias Disney on December 5th, 1901 at Chicagos Hermosa Community Area. His father was Elias Charles Disney and his mother was Flora Call Disney. Walt Disney was Irish-Canadian descendant from his father and German-English descendant from his mother.

Walt Disney is well known as co-founder of The Walt Disney Company and as cultural icon that hardly matched by others. He was the animator who created Mickey Mouse and many others Disney famous characters. He was also successful film producer, voice actor, and entrepreneHis voice acting works were including the original voice of Mickey Mouse. Disneyland and Disney resort were started from his innovation.

Walt Disney was very influential person in entertainment industry, especially Hollywood animation industry. His works in American animation and entertainment industry brought him 59 nominations in Academy Awards that he won 22 of them and 4 honorary Academy Awards. He also won 7 Emmy Awards and much more awards.

Walt Disney died on December 15, 1966 in Burbank, California after long fight with lung cancer, leaving myriad legMany of his legacies are still remembered and enjoyed by people, including hundreds of animated films, theme parks, animation studio, and the company. Cal Arts (California Institute of the Arts) is also the legacy of Walt Disney.

Nama:daffa haizam illahi

Kelas:8a

No absen:07

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R.A. Kartini was born ini jepara, April 21, 1879. She was the daughtre of on e of the nobles wo was still very obedient to the customes. After graduating from elementary school, she was not allowed to continue her education to a higher level by her parents. She was stuck while waiting for time to be wed. Young Kartini was very sad about it. She wanted to fight but did not dare for fear of being a disobedient child. To relieve her sorrow, she collected textbooks and other science books which she later read in the garden of the house with her assistant.

R.A. Kartini filled her days by reading. All  books, including newspapers, were read by her. If there were difficulties, she alwasy asks her father. Through these readings, Kartini was interested in the progress of Europen Women's thinking. Her desire was to advance Indonesia women. She began to gather her female friends to teach them writing and other sciences. In the midst of her busy life she did not stop reading and also write letters to her friends who were in the Netherlands.

She also wrote a letter to Mr.J.H Abendanon.
She requested a  scholarship to study in Holland.
Kartini did not use scholarship she got because her parents wanted her to marry wid Raden Adipati Joyodiningrat. After marriage, she joined her husband to the area of Rembang. Her husband understood and sopported Kartini to establish a women's school.

Due to her persistence, Kartini successfully established school of women in Semarang, Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Malang, Madiun, cirebon and other areas.
The name of the school is" kartinivc arogant, she remained polite, respected, familly and everyone, and did not distinguish  between the poor and the rich.
Kartini felt that she had no choice at all because she was born as a woman, was always treated differently with her brother and her male friends, and was envy with the freedom of Dutch women, eventually cultivated desire and determination in her heart to change that habits.

On September 13, 1904 , R.A. Kartini gave birth to a baby boy named Singgih / RM. Soesalit. But the condition of R.A. Kartini worsened despite special treatment, and finally on September 17, 1904 R.A. Kartini exhaled the last breath at the age of 25 years. Now R.A. Kartini has gone.
The progress that has been achieved by the scratching of her pen during the lifetime in the book "Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang ".

Nama : Gifana Alinza
Kls :  Vlll A
Absen : 13

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KEN BLOCK

Rally racer from the United States

Kenneth Paul Block (November 21, 1967 - January 2, 2023)

Kenneth Paul block or Ken Block is an American professional rally driver with the Hoonigan Racing Division, formerly known as the Monster World Rally Team. Block is also the co-founder of DC Shoes. He has also competed in many action sports events, including skateboarding, snowboarding, motocross, and drifting. After selling his ownership of DC Shoes, Block shifted his business focus to Hoonigan Industries, a clothing brand for automotive enthusiasts. He was co-owner and "Head Hoonigan In Charge" (HHIC) at the company before his death. In January 2021, Hoonigan Racing Division and Ford Performance announced that they were parting ways after 11 years. In April, Block announced that he would return to Subaru.In September, Block announced that he would enter into a new partnership with Audi for "joint projects in the field of electric mobility".During the season, Block also took part in several World Rally Championship series; Rally Mexico and Rally New Zealand. At the New Zealand Rally, Block recorded two top-five stages in the Group N class. By the end of the 2007 season, Block had achieved 19 podium finishes and 8 overall wins in rally events. For the 2010 season, Block ended his partnership with Subaru, and joined Ford to competed part-time in the World Rally Championship for the Monster World Rally Team, where he drove a Ford Focus RS WRC 08 along with longtime co-driver Alex Gelsomino. Block therefore became the first American driver to campaign in the World Rally Championship. He scored two points after finishing 9th in Spain. Block's achievements are still far behind those of Sébastien Loeb, Sébastien Ogier, Dani Sordo, Mikko Hirvonen, Jari-Matti Latvala, Petter Solberg, Marcus Grönholm, Kimi Räikkönen and Mads Østberg. On March 23, Block and his co-driver Alex Gelsomino were taken to hospital , after unveiling their Ford Fiesta RS WRC during the shakedown stage of the 2011 Rally Portugal in Faro, Portugal.

A representative from the Monster World Rally team later stated that both were fine. He finished 8th in France and 9th in Wales, scoring 6 points, ahead of Federico Villagra, Khalid Al Qassimi, Ott Tänak, Evgeny Novikov, Martin Prokop and Michał Kościuszko and behind Armindo Araújo and Oleksandr Saliuk, Jr.. his first of the 2013 season, Block scored good points, finishing in the top ten at Mexico 2013, thus receiving his first six points for the championship and scoring a best-ever 7th overall finish. Castrol returns as Block sponsor. He participated in the WRC located in Catalonia, Spain. He was in 10th place until the final stage where he suffered a flat tire and lost a lot of time. He finished 12th, which was his penultimate season in the WRC. Ken Block died at the age of 55 in a snowmobile accident near his ranch in Woodland, Utah on January 2, 2023. The Wasatch County sheriff's department reported that Block was riding in the Mill Hollow area when his snowmobile overturned on a steep slope and landed on top of him. . Block was pronounced dead at the scene of the crash. As a mark of respect, the number 43 will be retired from the World Rally Championship for the 2023 season in his honour. Hoonigan confirmed in a statement on Instagram, "With deepest regret, we can confirm that Ken Block passed away in a snowmobile accident today. Ken was a visionary, pioneer, and icon. And most importantly, a father and husband. He will be greatly missed."

Name: Aldi nurhafizh

Class: 8A

Roll number: 32

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Yashin earned status for revolutionising the goalkeeping position by imposing his authority on the entire defence.[5][6][9] A vocal presence in goal, he shouted orders at his defenders, came off his line to intercept crosses and also ran out to meet onrushing attackers Piala Dunia 1958, done at a time when goalkeepers spent the 90 minutes standing in the goal waiting to be called into action.[5][9][10] His performances made an indelible impression on a global audience at the 1958 World Cup, the first to be broadcast internationally. He dressed head to toe in apparent black (in truth very dark blue),[3] thus earning his nickname the "Black Spider", which enhanced his popularity.[5][9]

Yashin appeared in four World Cups from 1958 to 1970, and in 2002 was chosen on the FIFA Dream Team of the history of World Cups. In 1994, he was chosen for the FIFA World Cup All-Time Team, and in 1998 was chosen as a member of the World Team of the 20th Century. According to FIFA, Yashin saved over 150 penalty kicks in professional football — more than any other goalkeeper.[11][12] He also kept over 270 clean sheets in his career, winning a gold medal at the 1956 Olympic football tournament,[13] and the 1960 European Championships.[12][14] In 1963, Yashin received the Ballon d'Or, the only goalkeeper ever to receive the award.[5] He was additionally named posthumously to the Ballon d'Or Dream Team in 2020, a greatest all-time XI, and was voted the best goalkeeper of the 20th century by the IFFHS.[15] In November 2003, to celebrate UEFA's Jubilee, he was selected as the Golden Player of Russia by the Russian Football Union as their most outstanding player of the past 50 years.[16]

NAMA: FAHRIZA ILAHI TANJUNG

KELAS: VIII A

NO ABSEN:12

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Thomas Matulessy (8 June 1783 - 16 December 1817), also known as Kapitan Pattimura or simply Pattimura, was an Ambonese soldier and National Hero of Indonesia.

Born on the island of Saparua, Pattimura joined the British army after they took the Maluku islands from the Dutch colonials. When the islands were returned to the Dutch in 1816, he was dismissed. Concerned that the Dutch would implement programs that limited his people, Pattimura led an armed rebellion that captured Fort Duurstede on 16 May 1817. Killing the inhabitants of the fortress and fighting off Dutch reinforcements, on 29 May he was declared the leader of the Maluku people. After being betrayed by the King of Booi Pati Akoon, he was captured by Dutch forces on 11 November and hanged the next month.

Pattimura has become a symbol of both Maluku and Indonesian independence, praised by President Sukarno and declared a national hero by President Suharto. He has several namesakes both in the capital of Maluku, Ambon, and in the rest of the Indonesian archipelago.

Nama:Ong Bryant Hubert

Kelas:8A

Absen:24

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RA Kartini was born to a noble family on April 21, 1879, in the village of Mayong, Java, Indonesia. Ngasirah, Kartini’s mother, was the daughter of a religious scholar.

Sosroningrat, Her father, was a Javanese aristocrat working for the Dutch colonial government. At the age of 6, this afforded Kartini the opportunity to go to a Dutch school.

The school opened Kartini’s eyes to Western ideals. During this time, she also took sewing lessons from Mrs. Marie Ovink-Soer, another regent’s wife.

Ovink-Soer began to imparted her feminist views to her, and therefore instrumental in planting the seed for Kartini’s later.

When she reached adolescence, Javanese tradition dictated that Kartini leave her Dutch school for the sheltered existence deemed appropriate to a young female noble.

Struggling to adapt, she wrote letters to Ovink-Soer and her many Dutch schoolmates, she wrote about protesting gender inequality of Javanese traditions such as forced marriages at a young age.

In Kartini’s eagerness to escape her isolation about her fidgetiness, Kartini had to accept a marriage proposal arranged by her father.

She wed the regent of Rembang, Raden Adipati Joyodiningrat on November 8, 1903. She had recently been offered a scholarship to study abroad, and the marriage dashed her hopes of accepting its scholarship.

According to Javanese tradition, at 24 Kartini was too old to expect to marry well. Intent on spreading her feminist message.

With Kartini new husband’s approval, Kartini set about her planning to start own school for girls of Javanese In 1903.

She opened the first Indonesian primary school for native girls that did not discriminate on the basis of their social status with help from the Dutch government.

The school was set up inside the home of Kartini’s father, and taught girls a progressive, Western-based curriculum.

To her, the ideal education for a young woman encouraged empowerment and enlightenment. Kartini also promoted their lifelong pursuit of education.

Kartini corresponded with feminist Stella Zeehandelaar regurally as well as numerous Dutch officials with the authority to further the cause of Javanese women’s emancipation from oppressive laws and traditions.

Kartini’s letters also expressed her Javanese nationalist sentiments. Kartini died in the regency of Rembang, Java, of complications from giving birth to her first child on September 17, 1904.

Abendanon, published Kartini’s letters, entitled “From Darkness to Light: Thoughts About and on Behalf of the Javanese People” seven years after her death.

In Indonesia, Kartini Day is still celebrated annually on Kartini’s birthday, April 21.

Nama : Cheryl hanse

Kelas 8a

Absen:6

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most famous female figures in Indonesia is Dewi Sartika. She is also known as Djuragan Dewi or Djuragan Ageung is a national hero in the world of women's education.Dewi Sartika was born on December 4th, 1884 in Cicalengka, Bandung. Her father named Raden Samanagara was a freedom fighter at that time. While her mother was Nyi Raden RajapermasHer parents were fighting hard to send him to the School of the Netherlands. Although it is so contrary to traditional culture prevailing at the time.For opposing the Government of the Netherlands East Indies, her mother was exiled to Ternate, while her father died. So, Dewi Sartika brought up by her maternal uncle, a brother of her mom, who called Arya. At that time, Arya was a governor in Cicalengka.Dewi Sartika gained the knowledge about the Sundanese culture of her uncle. She was also knowledgeable of Western culture that she got from a lady of Dutch Resident Assistant.She showed her potential in the world of education as a child. In fact, she taught children of Kepatihan maid, so they were all able to read and write a few words in Dutch.This made Cicalengka in an uproar. People felt shocked because at that time there had been no rabble of children who can read and write.As a teenager, Dewi Sartika was back to Bandung and stayed with her mother. She was more determined to reach her goal, which was to establish a school that aims to promote women's educationAfter a very long struggle, she finally managed to establish a school that is devoted to women.

Nama: Dwi Putri valensyah

Class: VII A

Absen: 11

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BIOGRAPHY KAPITAN PATTIMURA

Thomas Matulessy (8 June 1783-16 December 1817), also known as Kapitan Pattimura or simply Pattimura, was an Ambonese soldier and National Hero of Indonesia.

Born on the island of Saparua, Pattimura joined the British army after they took the Maluku islands from the Dutch colonials. When the islands were returned to the Dutch in 1816, he was dismissed. Concerned that the Dutch would implement programs that limited his people, Pattimura led an armed rebellion that captured Fort Duurstede on 16 May 1817. Killing the inhabitants of the fortress and fighting off Dutch reinforcements, on 29 May he was declared the leader of the Maluku people. After being betrayed by the King of Bool Pati Akoon, he was captured by Dutch forces on 11 November and hanged the next month.

Pattimura has become a symbol of both Maluku and Indonesian independence, praised by President Sukarno and dedared a national here by President Suharto. He has several namesakes both in the capital of Maluku, Ambon, and in the rest of the Indonesian archipelago.

Nama:Keyla vio Sahara

Kelas:8a

Absen:17

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IBU FATMAWATI SOEKARNO

President of Biography Fatmawati Soekarno Who does not know FatmawatiSoekarno, she is First Lady of First President of Indonesia that is PresidentSoekarno and also known as tailor flag of herire flown at the time of proclamationof independence of Republic Indonesia on 17 August 1945. Fatmawati Soekarno born on Monday , 5 February 1923 At 12.00 noon in Bengkulu City, as the onlydaughter of the family of H. Hassan Din and Siti Chadidjah. Fatmawati's childhoodwas full of challenges and difficulties, due to the colonial system run by the DutchEast Indies Government. His father, Hassan Din was originally a Dutch companyemployee, Bersomij in Bengkulu. But because he did not want to leave hisactivities as a member of Muhammadiyah, he then left the company. After that,Hassan Din often change business and move to a number of cities in the region ofSouthern Sumatra. Not many people know that Fatmawati is actually a descendant of the IndrapuraMukomuko Kingdom. The father of Hassan Din is the 6th descendant of theKingdom of Princess Melur Flower. Flower Princess Melur when interpreted is a beautiful daughter, simple, wise. No wonder if Fatmawati has wisdom andnurturing. The love affair between Bung Karno and Fatmawti initially required avery tough struggle. In order to obtain Fatmawati so loved by Bung Karno with avery heavy feeling forced to give up the departure of Mrs. Inggit, the figure of awoman who is so strong and sincere accompanying Bung Karno in the struggle to

nama:Dela Suryani

Kelas:VIII A

Absen:9

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Baldwin IV (French: Baudouin; 1161–1185), called the Leper King, was the king of Jerusalem from 1174 until his death in 1185. He was admired by his contemporaries and later historians for his willpower and dedication to the Latin kingdom in the face of debilitating leprosy. Choosing competent advisers, Baldwin ruled a thriving crusader state and succeeded in protecting it from the Muslim ruler Saladin.

Baldwin developed the first symptoms of leprosy as a child but was only diagnosed after his accession on the death of his father, King Amalric. Thereafter his hands and face became increasingly disfigured. Count Raymond III of Tripoli ruled the kingdom in Baldwin's name until the king reached the age of majority in 1176. As soon as he assumed government, Baldwin planned an invasion of Egypt, which fell through due to his vassals' uncooperativeness. Saladin in turn attacked Baldwin's kingdom in 1177, but the king and the nobleman Raynald of Châtillon repelled him at Montgisard, earning Baldwin fame. The young king mastered horse riding despite gradually losing sensation in his extremities and was able to fight in battles until his last years.

Leprosy precluded Baldwin from marrying. He hoped to abdicate when his sister, Sibylla, married William of Montferrat in 1176, but William died the next year. In 1180, in order to forestall a coup by Count Raymond III of Tripoli and Prince Bohemond III of Antioch, Baldwin had Sibylla marry Guy of Lusignan. Guy was opposed by a large fraction of the nobility, and soon permanently impaired his relationship with Baldwin. The internal discord that followed forced Baldwin to remain king, as only he was capable of uniting the quarreling nobility. Baldwin again repelled Saladin in 1182, but leprosy rendered him blind and unable to walk or use his hands in 1183. He disinherited Guy and had Sibylla's son, Baldwin V, crowned co-king before having

LIONEL EDUARDO MESSI

VIII A

18

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Eusébio helped Portugal reach third place at the 1966 FIFA World Cup, becoming the tournament's top scorer with nine goals. He won the Ballon d'Or in 1965 and was runner-up in 1962 and 1966. He is Benfica's all-time top scorer with 473 goals in 440 competitiv.There, his honors include eleven Primeira Liga titles and a European Cup, as well as being integral in reaching additional European Cup finals in 1963, 1965 and 1968. He was the second highest goalscorer, behind Alfredo Di Stéfano, in the pre-Champions League era. . European Cup with 48 goals. He was the European Cup's top scorer in 1964–65, 1965–66 and 1967–68. He also won the Bola de Prata for the Primeira Liga top goalscorer record seven times. He was the first player to win the European Golden Shoe, in 1968, a feat he replicated in 1973.

From his retirement until his death, Eusébio was a football ambassador and one of the most recognizable faces of his generation. His name frequently appears in lists of the best players of all time and in polls by critics and football fans. He was voted the ninth best footballer of the 20th century in a poll by the IFFHS and the tenth best footballer of the 20th century in a poll by World Soccer magazine. Pelé named Eusébio as one of the 125 best living footballers in his 2004 FIFA 100 list. his. He was seventh in the online poll for the UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll. In November 2003, to celebrate the UEFA Jubilee, he was voted Portugal's Golden Player by the Portuguese Football Federation as the most outstanding player of the last 50 years. Shortly after Eusébio's death, Di Stéfano stated: "For me Eusébio will always be the best player of all time".

Nama: Muhammad Misel Syahreza
Kelas: 8A
Absen: 20

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On April 20, 1889, a baby boy was born in a small town in Austria. The child grew up and became a controversial German leader. He is highly respected, but has also received criticism from many parties.

He was responsible for the murder of 11 million people, including the mass murder of 6 million Jews.

Adolf Hitler, the Fuhrer or leader of the Nazi party in Germany from 1934 to 1945, who initiated fascism policies that sparked World War II.

Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in Braunau am Inn, Austria. The fourth of six children, Hitler was born to Alois and Klara.

, Alois uses his mother's name, Schicklgruber, as a family name. In 1876, Alois decided to start a family with the name Hitler.

As a child, Hitler often clashed with his emotionally harsh father, who also disapproved of his son's interest in fine arts as a career choice.

Also read: Biographies of World Figures: Charles Darwin, Sailing to Research Living Creatures

Hitler showed interest in German nationalism early on and rejected Austro-Hungarian authority. This nationalism would become the motivating force for Hitler's life in the future.

In 1903, Hitler's father died suddenly, followed by the death of his mother in December 1907. Since then, he moved to Vienna, working as a manual laborer and watercolor painter.

In 1913, Hitler settled in Munich. When World War I broke out, he joined the German military and was accepted in August 1914, even though he still held Austrian citizenship.

Hitler and the Nazis After World War I ended, Hitler returned to Munich and continued his work in the German military.

As a brilliant officer, he monitored the activities of the German Workers' Party (DAP) and adopted many anti-Jewish, nationalist and anti-Marxist beliefs.

September 1919, Hitler joined the DAP, changing its name to Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP), or more often abbreviated as Nazi.

KELAS. VIII A

NAMA:Muhammad Zafran hafiz

ABSEN:21

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Ir. Sokarno( born in Blitar, East Java, june 6, lgol- died in jakarta, june 21 , 1970 at age 69 years) is indonesia' s from 1945 to 1966 . He played an important role for the liberatian of Indonesia from Dutch colonialism. He is a digger pancasila. He was proclaimed Indonesia independence ( along with mohammad Hatta which occurred no august 17 , 1945.

Sukarno signed the warrant march 11.1966 supersemar controversial, in which - according to the released verslon of army headquarters - lt. gen. Suharto assignment to secure and maintain state security and the instituti on of the presiden.

Nama : Rina ervina

Kelas : 8 A

Absen :29

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Suharto was the second President of the Republic of Indonesia. He was born in Kemusuk. Yogyakarta, June 8 1921. His father was named Kertosudiro, a farmer who was also an assistant to the village head in irrigating the village rice fields, while his mother was named Sukirah. Soeharto entered school when he was eight years old, but often moved. Initially he was educated at the tens village school (SD), Godean. Then he moved to SD Pedes, because of his mother and her husband. Pak Pramono moved house, to Kemusuk Kidul. However, Pak Kertosudiro then moved him to Wuryantoro. Suharto was entrusted to the house of his younger sister who was married to Prawirowihardjo, a farmer's orderly. Until he was finally selected as an exemplary soldier at the NCO School, Gombong, Central Java in 1941. He officially became a member of the TNI on October 5 1945. In 1947, Soeharto married Siti Hartinah, a daughter of a Mangkunegaran employee.

He is very well known as the 'Father of Development' and is also the only Indonesian president with the longest term of office of around 32 years. During his reign, Indonesia experienced rapid progress in the agricultural sector. Major General H.M. Suharto has traveled a long way in his military and political career. In the military, Pak Harto started from the rank of KNIL army sergeant, then PETA commander, regiment commander with the rank of Major and battalion commander with the rank

Lieutenant colonel.

The General Attack of 1 March 1949 cannot be separated from the history of the Indonesian nation.

This event became an important note when this Republic was just starting to be founded

after escaping Dutch colonialism. There are many versions surrounding the March 1 General Offensive

the. However, Lt. Col. Soeharto's role cannot be separated from the war

to reclaim the capital of the Republic of Indonesia, Yogyakarta. The main goal is of course to

conquered the Dutch troops and proved to the world the Indonesian National Army

(TNI) still has the strength to put up resistance. The result was a General Attack

March 1 can show the international world that the TNI still exists.

In 1949, he succeeded in leading his troops to retake the city of Yogyakarta from

the hands of the Dutch colonialists at that time. He was also the Commander in Chief's Bodyguard

Great Sudirman. Apart from that, he was also Commander of Mandala (liberation of Irian.

Nama:Qatthan al hasvick

Kelas:8A

Absen:25

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Diego Maradona, in full Diego Armando Maradona, (born October 30, 1960, Lanus, Buenos Aires, Argentina—died November 25, 2020, Tigre, Buenos Aires), Argentine football (soccer) player who is generally regarded as the top footballer of the 1980s and one of the greatest of all time. Renowned for his ability to control the ball and create scoring opportunities for himself and others, he led club teams to championships in Argentina, Italy, and Spain, and he starred on the Argentine national team that won the 1986 World Cup.

Maradona displayed football talent early, and at age eight he joined Las Cebollitas (“The Little Onions”), a boys’ team that went on to win 136 consecutive games and a national championship. He signed with Argentinos Juniors at age 14 and made his first-division debut in 1976, 10 days before his 16th birthday. Only four months later he made his debut with the national team, becoming the youngest Argentine ever to do so. Although he was excluded from the 1978 World Cup-winning squad because it was felt that he was still too young, the next year he led the national under-20 team to a Junior World Cup championshi

Maradona moved to Boca Juniors in 1981 and immediately helped them gain the championship. He then moved to Europe, playing with FC Barcelona in 1982 (and winning the Spanish Cup in 1983) and then SSC Napoli (1984–91), where he enjoyed great success, raising the traditionally weak Naples side to the heights of Italian football. With Maradona the team won the league title and cup in 1987 and the league title again in 1990. Maradona’s stint with Napoli came to an end when he was arrested in Argentina for cocaine possession and received a 15-month suspension from playing football. Next he played for Sevilla in Spain and Newell’s Old Boys in Argentina. In 1995 he returned to Boca Juniors and played his last match on October 25, 1997.

Nama: Rezky Arka Pratama

Kelas: 8A

Absen: 28

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Alfredo Stéfano Di Stéfano Laulhé[2] (Spanish pronunciation: [alˈfɾeðo ðjesˈtefano]; 4 July 1926 – 7 July 2014) was a professional footballer and coach who played as a forward, regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time. Nicknamed "Saeta rubia" ("Blond Arrow"),[3][4][5] he is best known for his achievements with Real Madrid, where he was instrumental in the club's domination of the European Cup and La Liga during the 1950s and 1960s. Along with Francisco Gento and José María Zárraga, he was one of only three players to play a part in all five European Cup victories, scoring goals in each of the five finals. Di Stéfano played international football mostly for Spain after moving to Madrid, but he also played for Argentina and Colombia.

Di Stéfano began his career at Argentina's River Plate aged 17, in 1943. For the 1946 season he was loaned to Club Atlético Huracán, but he returned to River in 1947. Due to a footballers' strike in Argentina in 1949, Di Stéfano went to play for Millonarios of Bogotá in the Colombian league.[6] He won six league titles during the first 12 years of his career in Argentina and Colombia.[7][8] Following his signing by Real Madrid he was an integral part of one of the most successful teams of all time. He scored 216 league goals in 282 games for Real (then a club record, since surpassed by Raúl, Cristiano Ronaldo and Karim Benzema), striking up a successful partnership with Ferenc Puskás. Di Stéfano's 49 goals in 58 matches was the all-time highest tally in the European Cup. The record has since been surpassed by several players, including the aforementioned Real Madrid trio. Di Stéfano scored in five consecutive European Cup finals for Real Madrid between 1956 and 1960, including a hat-trick in the last. Perhaps, the highlight of his time with the club was their 7–3 victory over Eintracht Frankfurt in the 1960 final at Hampden Park, a game many consider to be the finest exhibition of club football ever witnessed in Europe.[6] He moved to Espanyol in 1964 and played there until retiring at the age of 40.[8]

Di Stéfano was awarded the Ballon d'Or for the European Footballer of the Year in 1957 and 1959.[7] He is currently the seventh highest scorer in the history of Spain's top division, and Real Madrid's fourth highest league goalscorer of all time. He is Madrid's leading goalscorer in the history of El Clásico, alongside Cristiano Ronaldo.[9][10] In November 2003, to celebrate UEFA's Jubilee, he was selected as the Golden Player of Spain by the Royal Spanish Football Federation as their most outstanding player of the past 50 years.[11] He was voted fourth, behind Pelé, Diego Maradona, and Johan Cruyff, in a vote organized by France Football magazine which consulted their former Ballon d'Or winners to elect the Football Player of the Century.[12] In 2004, he was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players (in September 2009, he said Di Stéfano was the best player "ever").[13] In 2008 Di Stéfano was honoured by both UEFA and Real Madrid with a special Presidents' award issued by FIFA at a ceremony in Madrid, where a statue was also unveiled. Then UEFA President Michel Platini called Di Stéfano "a great amongst the greats" while contemporaries Eusébio and Just Fontaine suggested that he was "the most complete footballer in the history of the game".[14]

NAMA: MUHAMAD RIZKY FADJRY

KELAS: 8A

ABSEN:19

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Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie is the third President of Indonesia. He was born on June 25, 1936 in Pare-Pare, South Sulawesi. He is the fourth of eight children in his family. His parents are Alwi Abdul Jalil Habibie and RA. Tuti Marini Puspowardojo. He spent his childhood in Pare-Pare. Since he was a kid, he has shown his integrity and persistent behaviour. At school, Habibie whose hobbies are riding horse and reading book is famous for his intelligence.

Habibie’s father passed away due to heart attack when he was in elementary school. After that, his mother sold their vehicle and house and then moved to Bandung. As a single parent, Habibie’s mother worked hard to afford her life with her children.

In 1954, after Habibie graduated from senior high school in Bandung, he continued his study to Bandung Institute of Technology. He did not finish his study at ITB because at the same time he got a scholarship from The Ministry of education and Culture of Indonesia to study in Germany. He remembered that Bung Karno had ever said about the importance of plane development for Indonesia, and then he decided to take aerospace engineering with aeroplane construction specialty at Rhein Westfalen Aachen Technische Hochschule (RWTH), an institute of technology in Germany.

Habibie studied hard to be success since he remembered how hard his mother worked for his life. Even, Habibie spent his time in holiday to earn extra money for buying books. When holiday ended, he did not do anything except studying. In 1960, he graduated with great score, almost perfect (9.5). With his education background, he applied at an industry company of train, named Firma Talbot.

After that, he continued his doctoral degree at Technische Hochschule Die Facultaet Fuer Maschinenwesen Aachean. In 1962, he got married with Hasri Ainun. She was a doctor and she followed his husband to Germany. Habibie and Ainun has two sons. They are Ilham Akbar dan Thareq Kemal. At that time, life got harder. He had to go to work in the early morning because he walked to the office to save more money. He went home in the evening and studied. He finished his doctoral degree in 1965 with perfect score (10).

In his life, Habibie has got many achievements and awards from Indonesia and other International institution. Before he fulfilled a call from President Soeharto and went back to Indonesia, he had worked at a leading aeroplane industry, MBB Gmbh, Germany. In Indonesia, Habibie had been the minister of Research and Technology for 20 years and led 10 governmental company of strategic industry. He was elected by society representative assembly as the Vice President of Indonesia. When the crisis happened in 1998 and President Soeharto was insisted to step down from his position, Habibie was assigned to replace President Soeharto to be the third President of Indonesia.

In 2012, the life of Habibie and how he met Ainun were filmed and got high rates for the inspirational story. Hasri Ainun passed away on May 22, 2010 in Ludwig Maximilians Universitat hospital, Klinikum, Muenchen, Germany. She suffered a cancer for a long time however she never told her husband, Habibie. It was known that she had cancer when she collapsed and had to be hospitalized. For Habibie, Ainun is everything. She is a great partner of life who had accompanied him to go through good and bad times in

life.

NAMA : ADZKA SAPUTRA

KELAS : VIII A

NO ABSEN : 01

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Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie (Indonesian: ; 25 June 1936 - 11 September 2019) was an Indonesian engineer and politician who was the third president of Indonesia from 1998 to 1999. Less than three months after his inauguration as the seventh vice president in March 1998, he succeeded Suharto who resigned after 32 years in office. His presidency was seen as a landmark and transition to the Reformation era. Upon becoming president, he liberalized Indonesia's press and political party laws, and held an early democratic election three years sooner than scheduled, which resulted in the end of his presidency. His 517-day presidency and 71-day vice presidency were the shortest in the country's history.

Habibie was a native of Parepare, in South Sulawesi. He was of ethnic Bugis- Gorontalese- Javanese descent from Kabila in Gorontalo and Yogyakarta.[2] His parents, Alwi Abdul Jalil Habibie,[2][3] an agriculturist of Bugis-Gorontalese[4][5] descent, and R. A. Tuti Marini Puspowardojo,[6] a Javanese noblewoman from Yogyakarta,[7] met while studying in Bogor.[8] Habibie's paternal family comes from Kabila, just to the east of the town of Gorontalo in northern Sulawesi. He was the fourth of eight children.[9] Habibie's father died when he was 14 years old.[9] In 2018, the Gorontalo provincial government agreed to support the construction of the B.J. Habibie's Monument in front of the main gate of Djalaluddin Airport in Gorontalo Regency.[10][11] In addition, it was proposed that State University of Gorontalo be renamed in honour of Habibie although, in the end, the suggestion was not adopted.[12][13]

Habibie taking his presidential oath on 21 May 1998.

On 21 May 1998, just two months into Habibie's vice presidency, Suharto announced his resignation. Habibie, as the Constitution says, succeeded him as president. The following day, Habibie announced the Development Reform Cabinet, which removed some of the most controversial ministers in Suharto's last cabinet while maintaining others - with no major figures from the opposition. Within days of his appointment, he asked his relatives to resign from government positions, promised an early election, repealed some legislation, and ordered the release of political prisoners.[30]

Timorese independence forces led by the National Council of Timorese Resistance had been calling for a referendum in the territory for some time. Its chief diplomat, José Ramos-Horta, proposed a transitional period of autonomy leading up to a referendum.[32] In late 1998, John Howard, the Prime Minister of Australia, sent a letter to Habibie suggesting that Indonesia defuse the East Timorese issue by providing autonomy to be followed by the promise of a referendum in the long run, following the method used by France to settle New Caledonian demands for independence. Wishing to avoid the impression that Indonesia ruled East Timor as a colony, Habibie surprised some by announcing that a referendum, offering a choice between special autonomy and independence, would be held immediately in East Timor. Leaders of the Indonesian armed forces ( ABRI) were not consulted on this decision.[33]

On 30 August 1999, the referendum was held and the East Timorese people overwhelmingly chose independence. Subsequently, pro-Indonesian militias killed and displaced large numbers of people during the 1999 East Timorese crisis.[34] On 10 September, General Wiranto allegedly threatened to stage a military coup if Habibie allowed in peacekeeping forces, causing Habibie to back down.[35] On 12 September, however, Habibie accepted a UN-mandated peacekeeping force to halt violence.[33] A period of UN administration followed and East Timor became independent in May 2002.

Suharto's corruption charge

The MPR Special Session in November 1998 decried the presence of corruption in Indonesia, focusing particularly on Suharto.[36] In response to this, Habibie then appointed Andi Muhammad Ghalib as Attorney General.[29] A tape of a telephone conversation between Habibie and Ghalib was made public. It raised concerns about the veracity of the investigation by suggesting that the interrogation of Suharto was intended only for public appearances.[37]

Habibie's government stabilized the economy in the face of the Asian financial crisis and the chaos of the last few months of Suharto's presidency.[39] Habibie's government began to make conciliatory gestures towards Chinese-Indonesians who, because of their elite status, were targeted in the riots of 1998. In September 1998, Habibie issued a 'Presidential Instruction' forbidding use of the terms pribumi and non-pribumi to differentiate indigenous and non-indigenous Indonesians.[40]

However, political opponents criticized Habibie for allowing the military to retain some seats in parliament, and taking little action on other military and judicial reforms.[43]

Although he had been viewed as leading a transitional government, Habibie seemed determined to continue as president. He was initially unclear about whether he would seek a full term as president when he announced parliamentary elections in June 1998.[42] Habibie faced opposition from many within the government party, Golkar; in July 1998, he struggled to win control of Golkar by appointing Akbar Tandjung as chair of the party, but was ultimately able to defeat a rival camp including former Vice President Try Sutrisno, Defence Minister Edi Sudrajat, Siswono Yudhohusodo, and Sarwono Kusumaatmadja.[45] Habibie began to lose support from Akbar Tandjung and a faction in Golkar, composed of both reformers and hardliners, that wanted to oust him. In March 1999, Golkar put forth five presidential nominees: Habibie, Tandjung, Wiranto, Hamengkubuwono X, and Ginandjar Kartasasmita.[46] In May 1999, after extensive lobbying, Golkar announced that Habibie would be their presidential candidate, but a large faction in the party remained loyal to Tandjung and opposed to Habibie.[47] His political credibility was tarnished by the exposure of the 1999 Bank Bali scandal, in which banking funds were funneled to members of Habibie's re-election team.[48]

At the 1999 MPR General Session in October, Habibie delivered an accountability speech. MPR members then began voting to decide if they would accept or reject his speech. Habibie attempted to win the support of the military by offering the vice-presidency to General Wiranto, but his offer was declined.[49] Tandjung's Golkar faction broke ranks and voted against him, and his accountability speech was rejected by 355 votes to 322, and Habibie withdrew his nomination as president.[50] He was succeeded by Abdurrahman Wahid.

State funeral procession of Habibie at the Kalibata Heroes Cemetery in Jakarta, 12 September 2019

In September 2006, he released a book called Detik-Detik Yang Menentukan: Jalan Panjang Indonesia Menuju Demokrasi (Decisive Moments: Indonesia's Long Road Towards Democracy). The book recalled the events of May 1998 which led to his rise to the presidency. In the book, he controversially accused Lieutenant General Prabowo Subianto, Suharto's son-in-law (at that time) and the Kostrad Commander, of planning a coup d'état against him in May 1998.[52]

In early September 2019, he was admitted to Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital, where he was undergoing treatments for heart problems,[53][54] namely cardiomyopathy,[55] and died on 11 September 2019.[56][57][58][59][60] He became the first president of Indonesia to be buried at the Kalibata Heroes Cemetery, next to his wife's grave.[61]

Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad is saddened by the loss of his old friend, Habibie.[63] He described his demise as a considerable loss.[64]

On 12 September 2019, video was released showing East Timor's former President, Xanana Gusmão, visiting Habibie in hospital on 22 July 2019. Gusmão is shown talking briefly to Habibie while crying, then kissing Habibie on the forehead and lowering his face to Habibie's chest, with the other holding his head. A wreath in Gusmão's name was at the funeral, with a sign reading: "Profound Condolences - With heartfelt sympathy for the loss of Big Brother President B.J. Habibie - Timorese people will remember you forever - Rest in Peace - Xanana Gusmão".[65]

Habibie received several honorary degrees for his contributions in the fields of technology and science, e.g. he was awarded an Honorary DSc degree from the Cranfield Institute of Technology ( United Kingdom) and Dr.h.c. degrees from Chungbuk National University and Hankuk University of Foreign Studies ( South Korea) for his services to aircraft technology.[70] In 2010, Habibie was honored with an Honorary PhD degree in Technology by the University of Indonesia for his contribution to science in practice as a technocrat.[71]

Habibie was appointed a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng) in 1990.[72] In 1993, he was awarded an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society (HonFRAeS).[73] He was also named an honorary member of several professional bodies, including:

Malaysian Engineers Association (IEM)

Japanese Academy of Engineering

Fellowship of Engineering of the United Kingdom, London

National Academy of Engineering, USA

Academie Nationale de l'Air et de l'Espace, France

Royal Aeronautical Society, UK

Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Science

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt (German Institute for Aviation & Space), Germany

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, USA

Habibie's official presidential state portrait with the highest decorations he earned

As vice president, and later president of Indonesia, he was automatically bestowed the highest class of all civilian and military Star Decorations from Indonesia, namely:[74][75]

In addition, he also received some foreign decorations.

B.J. Habibie's monument in Gorontalo, 2018

There is several places, especially in Sulawesi where he came from, that bear his name. In Parepare, a monument called Monumen Cinta Sejati Habibie Ainun (Habibie Ainun True Love Monument) featuring statue of him and Ainun was dedicated by himself at his 53rd wedding anniversary in 2015.[83] Gelora Mandiri Stadium in the city was renamed into Gelora B.J. Habibie Stadium in 2019, shortly after his death.[84] His former house in Parepare is converted into a presidential museum that opened in 2020.[85] In 2022, the new B.J. Habibie Floating Mosque in Parepare was opened to the public.[86]

In Gorontalo Regency, there is a monument of Habibie located nearby Jalaluddin Airport built by Gorontalo provincial government.[87]

In memory of President B.J. Habibie The government of Timor-Leste named a bridge in the city of Dili B. J. Habibie Bridge shortly after Habibie died.[58]

Habibie has been portrayed in several biopic movies based on both his political and personal life. In the first installment of Habibie & Ainun (2012) and its prequels, Rudy Habibie (2016) and [Habibie & Ainun 3 id] (2019), Habibie is portrayed by Reza Rahadian, while Bima Azriel and Bastian Bintang Simbolon portrayed Habibie[88] during his childhood, and teenage years in Rudy Habibie respectively.

In the movie Di Balik 98, Habibie was portrayed by Agus Kuncoro.

1. ^ "Daftar Julukan 6 Presiden RI, Apa Julukan Jokowi? Halaman all". 18 April 2022.

2. Salam, S., 1986. BJ Habibie, Mutiara dari Timur. Intermasa.

3. ^ O'Rourke 2002, p. 140

4. ^ The Economist. 17 April 1993.

5. ^ Hefner, Robert W. (2000). Civil Islam: Muslims and Democratization in Indonesia. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 128-138. ISBN 0691050465.

6. ^ Elson, Robert Edward (2001). Suharto : a political biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 295. ISBN 0-521-77326-1. OCLC 48154605.

7. O'Rourke 2002, p. 145

8. ^ Prasetia, Andhika (11 September 2019). "BJ Habibie Akan Dimakamkan di Samping Makam Ainun". Detik.com (in Indonesian).

9. ^ "Dr M offers condolences to late BJ Habibie's family". The Star. 11 September 2019.

10. ^ "Malaysian leaders mourn former Indonesia president BJ Habibie". Malay Mail. 12 September 2019.

11. ^ Rektor UI Terima Penghargaan dari Chonbuk National University - website of newspaper Pikiran Rakyat

12. ^ WOW_Medals_and_Awards Archived 10 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine - website of the Royal Aeronautical Society

13. ^ Nainggolan, Johannes (12 September 2019). "11 Tanda Kehormatan dan Bintang Jasa Almarhum BJ Habibie Dibacakan". Indozone.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 7 June 2020.

14. ^ "Daftar WNI yang Menerima Tanda Kehormatan Bintang Republik Indonesia 1959 - sekarang" (PDF) (in Indonesian). Ministry of State Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia.

15. ^ "Daftar WNI yang Mendapat Tanda Kehormatan Bintang Mahaputera tahun 1959 s.d. 2003" (PDF) (in Indonesian). Ministry of State Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia.

16. ^ "Daftar Pemilik Bintang Budaya Parama Dharma Tahun 1988 - 2003" (PDF) (in Indonesian). Ministry of State Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia.

17. ^ "Kenalan yuk sama Bima, pemeran Habibie kecil di film Rudy Habibie". 30 June 2016.

Anwar, Dewi Fortuna (2010). "The Habibie presidency: Catapulting towards reform". In Edward Aspinall and Greg Fealy (eds.). Soeharto's New Order and Its Legacy: Essays in Honour of Harold Crouch. pp. 99-117. online

Davidson, Jamie S. (2018). Indonesia: Twenty Years of Democracy. Cambridge University Press.

Ford, Michele (2000). "Continuity and change in Indonesian labour relations in the Habibie interregnum". Asian Journal of Social Science. 28(2): 59-88.

Juwono, Vishnu (2020). "One step forward, two steps back: The retrogression of governance reform and anti-corruption measure in Indonesia 1999-2001". Jurnal Politik. 6(1): 123-148. [1]

Rice, Robert C. (1998). "The Habibie approach to science, technology and national development". In Hill, Hal; Thee, Kian Wie (eds.). Indonesia's Technological Challenge. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 185-198. hdl:1885/266207. ISBN 981-230-013-9.

Habibie and Ainun wedding attire in Gorontalonese culture

Habibie was married to Hasri Ainun Besari, a medical doctor, from 12 May 1962 until her death on 22 May 2010. Their wedding was held in Javanese and Gorontalese culture.[66] The couple had two sons, Ilham Akbar Habibie and Thareq Kemal Habibie.

B. J. Habibie's brother, Junus Effendi Habibie, was Indonesian ambassador to the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.[67][68] After his wife's death, Habibie published a book titled Habibie & Ainun which recounts his relationship with Hasri Ainun from their courtship until her death. The book was adapted into a film of the same name which was released on 20 December 2012.[69]

Habibie went to Delft, the Netherlands, to study aviation and aerospace at the Technische Hogeschool Delft ( Delft University of Technology), but for political reasons (the West New Guinea dispute between the Netherlands and Indonesia), he had to continue his study at the Technische Hochschule Aachen ( RWTH Aachen University) in Aachen, Germany.[14] In 1960, Habibie received an engineer's degree in Germany with the title Diplom-Ingenieur. He remained in Germany as a research assistant under Hans Ebner at the Lehrstuhl und Institut für Leichtbau, RWTH Aachen to conduct research for his doctoral degree.[15]

In 1962, Habibie returned to Indonesia for three months on sick leave. During this time, he was reacquainted with Hasri Ainun, the daughter of R. Mohamad Besari. Habibie had known Hasri Ainun in childhood, junior high school and in senior high school at SMA Kristen Dago (Dago Christian Senior High School), Bandung. The two married on 12 May 1962, returning to Germany shortly afterwards.[16] Habibie and his wife settled in Aachen for a short period before moving to Oberforstbach. In May 1963 they had a son, Ilham Akbar Habibie.

Habibie later found employment with the railway stock firm Waggonfabrik Talbot, where he became an advisor in designing train wagons. Due to his work with Makosh, the head of train construction offered his position to Habibie upon retirement three years later, but Habibie refused the position.[19]

In 1965, Habibie delivered his dissertation in aerospace engineering and received the grade of "very good," giving him the title Doktoringenieur (Dr.-Ing.). The same year, he accepted Hans Ebner's offer to continue his research on Thermoelastisitas and work toward his Habilitation, but he declined the offer to join RWTH as a professor. His thesis about light construction for supersonic or hypersonic states also attracted offers of employment from companies such as Boeing and Airbus, which Habibie again declined.[20]

Habibie did accept a position with Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm in Hamburg. There, he developed theories on thermodynamics, construction, and aerodynamics known as the Habibie Factor (thermodynamics), Habibie Theorem (construction), and Habibie Method (aerodynamics), respectively. He worked for Messerschmitt on the development of the Airbus A-300B aircraft. In 1974, he was promoted to vice president of the company.[21]

In 1974, Suharto recruited Habibie to return to Indonesia as part of his drive to industrialize and develop the country. Habibie initially served as a special assistant to Ibnu Sutowo, chief executive officer of the state oil company Pertamina and Chair of Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology ( Indonesian: Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi, BPPT). Two years later, Habibie was made CEO of the new state-owned enterprise Industri Pesawat Terbang Nurtanio (IPTN; Nurtanio Aircraft Industry),[21] which in 1985 changed its name to Industri Pesawat Terbang Nusantara (Nusantara Aircraft Industry; also abbreviated as IPTN) and is known as Indonesian Aerospace (PT. Dirgantara Indonesia) since 2000).

Minister of Research and Technology (1978-1998)

B. J. Habibie as the State Minister of Research and Technology

In 1978, he was appointed as State Minister of Research and Technology ( Indonesian: Menteri Negara Riset dan Teknologi, Menristek). He continued to play an important role in IPTN other "strategic" industries in this post.[21] By the 1980s, IPTN had grown considerably, specializing in the manufacture of helicopters and small passenger planes. Under Habibie's leadership, IPTN became a manufacturer of aircraft including Puma helicopters and CASA planes. It pioneered a small passenger airplane, the N-250 Gatotkaca, in 1995, but the project was a commercial failure.[22] In developing Indonesia's aviation industry, he adopted an approach called "Begin at the End and End at the Beginning".[23] In this method, elements such as basic research became the last things upon which to focus, whilst actual manufacturing of the planes was placed as the first objective.

1994 ABC news report of Suharto announcing he would retire in 1998, including an interview with Habibie, who declared no interest in becoming president.

Habibie (centre) campaigns for Golkar in 1997

By 1991, Habibie oversaw ten state-owned industries including ship- and train-building, steel, arms, communications, and energy.[21] A 1993 estimate determined that the estimates used nearly $2 billion a year in state funding, although the government's opaque accounting practices meant that the size of the industries was not completely known.[24]

As minister, Habibie created the OFP (Overseas Fellowship Program), STMDP (Science Technology and Manpower Development Program) and STAID (Science and Technology for Industrial Development). These three programs provided scholarships to thousands of high school graduates to earn their bachelor's degrees in the STEM fields and for other technical professionals to continue their study for master's and doctorate program in the United States, Europe, Japan, and other countries.[25]

In Suharto's regime, as was expected of senior government executives, Habibie became a member of the Golkar organisation. Suharto appointed him as deputy daily coordinator for the chairman of the executive board in 1992, and the following year he became the daily coordinator.

Vice presidency (1998)

Habibie's official vice-presidential portrait, BRI 2nd Class featured.

In January 1998, after accepting nomination for a seventh term as president, Suharto announced the selection criteria for the nomination of a vice president. Suharto did not mention Habibie by name, but his suggestion that the next vice president should have a mastery of science and technology made it obvious he had Habibie in mind.[28]

In that year, in the midst of the Asian Financial Crisis, this suggestion was received badly, causing the rupiah to fall. Despite this, Habibie was elected as vice president in March 1998.[29]

Presidency (1998-1999)

Honours, decorations, and distinctions

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Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie (Indonesian: ; 25 June 1936 - 11 September 2019) was an Indonesian engineer and politician who was the third president of Indonesia from 1998 to 1999. Less than three months after his inauguration as the seventh vice president in March 1998, he succeeded Suharto who resigned after 32 years in office.

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Ali bin Abi Talib was born in Mecca, Hejaz region, Arabian Peninsula, on the 13th of Rajab. According to historians, Ali was born 10 years before the start of Muhammad's prophethood, around 599 AD or 600 (approx.). Shiite Muslims believe that Ali was born inside the Kaaba. The age of Ali and the Prophet Muhammad is still disputed to this day, some histories say the difference is 25 years, some are 27 years, some are 30 years or even 32 years.

His real name is Haydar bin Abu Talib, uncle of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. Haydar, which means Lion, was the hope of the Abu Talib family to have a successor who could become a brave and respected figure among the Quraysh of Mecca. After learning that his newborn cousin was named Haydar, the Prophet SAW called him Ali, which means High (rank in the sight of Allah).

Early Life

Ali was born to a mother named Fatimah bint Asad, where Asad was the son of Hasyim, making Ali a descendant of Hasyim on both his father's and mother's sides. The birth of Ali bin Abi Talib provided much consolation for the Prophet SAW because he did not have a son. The old age and poverty of Abu Talib's family gave the Prophet SAW and his wife Khadijah the opportunity to influence Ali and make him an adopted son. This was also to repay Abu Talib for taking care of the Prophet from childhood to adulthood, so that Ali was with Muhammad from childhood.

In foreign (Western) biographies, Ali's relationship to the Prophet Muhammad SAW is described as being like John the Baptist (Prophet Yahya) to Jesus (Prophet Isa). In Shiite histories and some Sunni histories, this relationship is described as that of Prophet Harun and Prophet Musa.

Adolescence

When the Prophet Muhammad SAW received the revelation, old narrations such as Ibn Ishaq explained that Ali was the first man to believe the revelation or the second person to believe it after Khadijah, the Prophet's own wife. At this point Ali was about 10 years old.

As a teenager after the revelation came down, Ali learned a lot directly from the Prophet SAW because as a foster child, he had the opportunity to always be close to the Prophet. This continued until he became the Prophet's son-in-law. This is evidence for some Sufis that there are certain lessons regarding spiritual matters (spirituality in English or the Salaf prefer to use the term 'Thsan') or what has become known as Sufism which the Prophet taught specifically to him but not to his students. -students or other friends.

Nama: Yazid Abidilah Hamid

Kelas: 8A

No Absen: 30

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Raden Dewi Sartika 1884-1947

One of the most famous female figures in Indonesia is Dewi Sartika she is also known as Djuragan Dewi or Djuragan Ageung is a national hero in the world of women's education.

Dewi Sartika was born on December 4th1884 in Cicalengka Bandung Her father named Raden Somanagara was a freedom fighter at that time While her mother was Nyi Raden Rajapermas.

Her parents were fighting hard to send him to the School of the NetherlandsAlthough it is so contrary to traditional culture prevailing at the time.

For opposing the Government of the Netherlands East Indiesher mother was exiled to Ternatewhile her father diedSoDewi Sartika brought up by her maternal uncle, a brother of her momwho called AryaAt that timeArya was a governor in Cicalengka.

Dewi Sartika gained the knowledge about the Sundanese culture of her uncleShe was also knowledgeable of Western culture that she got from a lady of Dutch Resident Assistant.

She showed her potential in the world of education as a childIn factshe taught children of Kepatihan maidso they were all able to read and write a few words in Dutch.

This made Cicalengka in an uproarPeople felt shocked because at that time there had been no rabble of children who can read and write.

As a teenager, Dewi Sartika was back to Bandung and stayed with her motherShe was more determined to reach her goalwhich was to establish a school that aims to promote women's education.

After a very long struggleshe finally managed to establish a school that is devoted to wome.

Nama:Zalwa Octavianti

Kelas:Vlll A

Absen:31

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B. J. HABIBIE

Bacharuddin jusuf Habibie known as Bj. Habibie was born on 25 june 1936. He was the third president of the Republic of Indonesia (1998-1999). Habibie was born in parepare, south Sulawesi province to Alwi abdul jalil Habibie and R. A. Tuti marini puspowardojo his Father was an agriculturist from Gorontalo of Bugis descent and his mother was a javanese noblewoman from yogyakarta. His parents met while studying ini bogor. When he was 14 years old. Habibie's father died.

Following his father's death, Habibie continued his studies ini jakarta and then ini 1955 moved to germany. In 1960, Habibie recerid a degree in engineering in germany. Giving hingga the title diplom-ingenieur.B. J. HABIBIE Bacharuddin jusuf Habibie known as Bj. Habibie was born on 25 june 1936. He was the third president of the Republic of Indonesia (1998-1999). Habibie was born in parepare, south Sulawesi province to Alwi abdul jalil Habibie and R. A. Tuti marini puspowardojo his Father was an agriculturist from Gorontalo of Bugis descent and his mother was a javanese noblewoman from yogyakarta. His parents met while studying ini bogor. When he was 14 years old. Habibie's father died. Following his father's death, Habibie continued his studies ini jakarta and then ini 1955 moved to germany. In 1960, Habibie recerid a degree in engineering in germany. Giving hingga the title diplom-ingenieur.

Nama: ira marlina dewi

Kelas:VlllA(8A)

Absen:16

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General Soedirman

General Soedirman is a hero that involved in the efforts for Indonesia’s Independence. He was one of people who got five star grades. He was born on January 24, 1916. his father was Karsid Kartawiuraji and his mother was Siyem. However, Soedirman was adopted by his uncle named Raden Cokrosunaryo, and live with him. When Soedirman moved to Cilacap, he joined Muhammadiyah Islamic Organization and became a diligent and active student in extracurricular activity. His skill in leading, organization, and his obedient attitude toward religion made him respected by society.

He became a General when he was 31 years old. He had great commitment and loyalty which was shown. He still involved in the guerrilla attack toward Netherlands when he got pneumonia.

General is a hero who was willing to sacrifice himself to defend his beloved country and nation. He was noted as the first and youngest general ever in the Republic of Indonesia. He got his formal education from Taman Siswa school and then he continued to HIK Muhammadiyah (teacher’s school) Solo but he did not finish it. Meanwhile, his military education was begun through Pembela Tanah Air (Peta) academy in Bogor. After he finished it, he became the battalion commander in Kroya. At that time, he was very critical toward despotic policy and action of Japanese military. Due to his firm attitude, he was almost killed by Japanese army.

After Indonesia reached its independence, there was a fight with Japanese troops and he was successful in taking their gun in Banyumas. When Tentara Keamanan Rakyat (TKR) was formed, he was appointed as the commander of Division V/ Banyuman with colonel grade. Through the conference of TKR on November 2, 1945, he was elected to be the great General of TKR or the General of Indonesian Army. Soedirman got his General grade due to his merit and achievement for country and nation. It was given by the President of Indonesia.

When Netherlands troops came back and attack Indonesia which was well-known as Netherlands Military Aggression II, the capital city of Indonesia was moved to Yogyakarta. At that time, Soedirman was sick. He was very weak because of pneumonia and he only had one functioned lung. President Soekarno who was kidnapped told that he should stay for medication at his hometown but he could not obey it. Due to his commitment and responsibility as the military leader, he was involved to attack Netherlands troops back.

He led the guerrilla attack from the hand barrow. For seven months, he and his troops moved from one jungle to another jungle, mount to mount even though he was badly ill and weak and there was no medicine stock. But, he always gave support, direction, and strategies as if he were not sick at that time. At last, he left the war because his condition became worse. General Soedirman passed away when he was very young, 34 years old. He passed away on January 29, 1950 in Magelang.

NAMA: APRILIA NIQUITA AZZAHRA

KELAS: VIIIA

ABSEN: 4

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Judul: Sejarah Jenderal Sudirman: Kisah Perjuangan, Karier & Profilnya

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Cut Nyak Dien was a woman born in Lampadang, Aceh Kingdom in 1848. Unfortunately, it is not known with certainty the date of birth of Cut Nyak Dien. Cut Nyak Dien was born into a noble family who was very religious. The family of Cut Nyak Dien lives in Aceh Besar, region VI Mukim. Cut Nyak Dien's father was Teuku Nanta Setia, who was a uleebalang VI Mukim, and was a descendant of Machmoed Sati, a migrant from West Sumatra.

Machmoed Sati came to Aceh around the 18th century when the Aceh sultanate was then ruled by Sultan Jamalul Badrul Munir. So it is not surprising that Cut Nyak Dien's father is still of Minangkabau descent. launched its action to capture Cut Nyak Dien and Teuku Umar, the Dutch finally sent the "Maréchaussée" unit. This unit is dominated by Chinese-Ambonese people who are known to be difficult for the Acehnese to conquer. In fact, because the unit was so strong, the Dutch felt sorry for the people of Aceh, until finally Van der Heyden disbanded the "Maréchaussée" unit. After the disbandment of the unit, the general who led the next war with Aceh could easily achieve success, because many Acehnese did not join in the jihad because they were afraid of losing their lives. The fear of the Acehnese was exploited by General Joannes Benedictus van Heutsz and finally hired Acehnese to spy. -eye on the rebel troops. Until finally the Dutch managed to get information that Teuku Umar was planning to attack Meulaboh on February 11 1899, where Teuku Umar ultimately died due to being hit by a bullet. Even so, Cut Nyak Dien continued to lead the resistance against the Dutch in the interior of Meulaboh with his small army.

Cut Nyak Dien's troops continued to fight until they lost in 1901, because the Dutch army was very used to fighting in the Aceh area. On the other hand, Cut Nyak Dien is getting older and his eyes are starting to become nearsighted. He was also suffering from gout and the number of his troops continued to decrease. In fact, he and his troops had difficulty getting food. Caught and the End of Life. A guard of Cut Nyak Dien named Pang Laot reported the location of Cut Nyak Dien's headquarters to the Dutch. This made the Dutch attack Cut Nyak Dien's headquarters in Beutong Le Sageu. Cut Nyak Dien's troops were shocked and fought desperately, until finally Cut Nyak Dien was captured and taken to

nama: diva altha funnisa

Kelas: 8a

Absen:10

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RA Kartini was born to a noble family on April 21, 1879, in the village of Mayong, Java, Indonesia. Ngasirah, Kartini’s mother, was the daughter of a religious scholar.

Sosroningrat, Her father, was a Javanese aristocrat working for the Dutch colonial government. At the age of 6, this afforded Kartini the opportunity to go to a Dutch school.

The school opened Kartini’s eyes to Western ideals. During this time, she also took sewing lessons from Mrs. Marie Ovink-Soer, another regent’s wife.

Ovink-Soer began to impart her feminist views to her, and therefore instrumental in planting the seed for Kartini’s later.

When she reached adolescence, Javanese tradition dictated that Kartini leave her Dutch school for the sheltered existence deemed appropriate to a young female noble.

Struggling to adapt, she wrote letters to Ovink-Soer and her many Dutch schoolmates, she wrote about protesting gender inequality of Javanese traditions such as forced marriages at a young age.

In Kartini’s eagerness to escape her isolation about her fidgetiness, Kartini had to accept a marriage proposal arranged by her father.

She wed the regent of Rembang, Raden Adipati Joyodiningrat on November 8, 1903. She had recently been offered a scholarship to study abroad, and the marriage dashed her hopes of accepting its scholarship.

According to Javanese tradition, at 24 Kartini was too old to expect to marry well. Intent on spreading her feminist message.

With Kartini new husband’s approval, Kartini set about her planning to start own school for girls of Javanese In 1903.

She opened the first Indonesian primary school for native girls that did not discriminate on the basis of their social status with help from the Dutch government.

The school was set up inside the home of Kartini’s father, and taught girls a progressive, Western-based curriculum.

To her, the ideal education for a young woman encouraged empowerment and enlightenment. Kartini also promoted their lifelong pursuit of education.

Kartini corresponded with feminist Stella Zeehandelaar regularly as well as numerous Dutch officials with the authority to further the cause of Javanese women’s emancipation from oppressive laws and traditions.

Kartini’s letters also expressed her Javanese nationalist sentiments. Kartini died in the regency of Rembang, Java, of complications from giving birth to her first child on September 17, 1904.

Abendanon published Kartini’s letters, entitled “From Darkness to Light: Thoughts About and on Behalf of the Javanese People” seven years after her death.

In Indonesia, Kartini Day is still celebrated annually on Kartini’s birthday, April 21.

Nama: Amirah nurhusna Yap

Kelas: VlllA(8A)

Absen: 03

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The development of good character should be the heart and soul of education, and should dominate the spirit of teaching. This was the philosophy of the "Father of Education" in Indonesia, Ki Hajar Dewantara. The reason, he said, was that teaching and character building are like two sides of a coin and cannot, and should not be separated.

Education, by definition, means guiding student lives in a strong foundation of good character, so that they would be civilized humans of highest moral fibre, thus laying the foundation of a great nation without distinction of religion, ethnicity, customs, economic and social status.

Nama : Farisha Aqila Syauqina

Kelas :[ VIII A ]

Noapsen: 12

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William Sturgeon was an English physicist and inventor who made the first electromagnet, and invented the first practical electric motor.

Sturgeon was born on 22 May 1783 at Whittington, near Carnforth, Lancashire and was apprenticed to a shoemaker.

Sturgeon joined the army in 1802 and taught himself mathematics and physics

In 1824 he became lecturer in Science and Philosophy at the East India Company's Military Seminary at Addiscombe. Surrey, and the following year he exhibited his first electromagnet. He demonstrated his strength by lifting a nine-pound weight with a seven ounce piece of iron wrapped in wire through which the current from one battery was drawn

In 1836 he founded the journal Annals of Electricity, Magnetism and Chemistry, and in the same year he invented the galvanometer

Sturgeon was a close associate of John Peter Gassiot and Charles Vincent Walker, and the three were instrumental in founding the London Electrical Society in 18:57

In 1840 he became superintendent of the Royal Victoria Gallery of Practical Science in Manchester. He formed a close social circle with John Davies one of the Gallery's promoters, and Davies' pupil, James Prescott Joule A circle that eventually expanded to include Edward William Binney and surgeon John Leigh. The gallery closed in 1842 and he earned his living by teaching and demonstrating

In 1843 he started a monthly journal The Annals of Philosophical Discovery and Monthly Reporter of the Progress of Practical Science, Issue 1 volume 1 is dated July 1843, Each month's issue contains a mix of original "long" papers lover 5 pages), papers republished from foreign journals and short articles. However, the journal did not prove successful, and ceased publication at the end of volume 1 in December 18-43. This single volume was archived

Sturgeon died in Prestwich, Lancashire (now in Greater Manchester) on 4 December 1850 He was buried there, in the churchyard of St Mary the Virgin he is identified on his grave slab as "William Sturgeon - The Elec"

Name : Fawwazah Bazighah

Class : VIII B

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The historical story of the founder of the Ferrari luxury car from Italy

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The historical story of the founder of the Ferrari luxury car from Italy

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in 1918. Unfortunately there were no vacancies there at that time.

But, he then got a job as a test driver in the city of Turin, Italy for a motorbike company. In 1919, Enzo started working for a company called Costruzioni Meccaniche Nazionali, in the city of Milan as a test driver.

Starting the First Race

His driving skills meant that Enzo was immediately promoted as a racer. In 1919, Enzo Ferrari made his first race debut at the Parma-Poggio race in Berceto.

Article taken from Biografiku.com. Please copy as reference material. Please include the sourceenzo-ferrari.

Nama m.ardimas nur pakry

Kelas:8b

Absen:22

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Teks Biografi:Muhammad Ali,The Greatest 

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Teks Biografi:Muhammad Ali,The Greatest 

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Muhammad Ali (born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.; January 17, 1942 – June 3, 2016) was an American boxer. He became one of the most famous boxers in the world with his "rope-a-dope" technique. He was also well known for his clever rhymes. In 1999, Ali was named "Sportsman of the Century" by Sports Illustrated magazine. He won the World Heavyweight Boxing Championship three times. Ali also won an Olympic gold medal for boxing during the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy. Ali was also known as “The Greatest”.

Ali was born in Louisville, Kentucky. He was named after his father, Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr. but changed his name after converting to Islam according to the Nation of Islam in 1965. Because of his Islamic beliefs, Ali would not fight in the Vietnam War when the army tried drafting him. This made him an international figure around the world. Ali retired from boxing in 1981. In the early 1980s, it was found out that Ali had Parkinson's syndrome. He became well known for his social work and charity.

Muhammad Ali was married four times. He had seven daughters and two sons. One of his sons was adopted by him.

On December 20, 2014, Ali was hospitalized for a mild case of pneumonia.Ali was once again hospitalized on January 15, 2015 for a urinary tract infection after being found unresponsive at a guest house in Scottsdale, Arizona. He was released the next day.

Name:Muhamad Azmi

Kelas:8B

Number:21

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BIOGRAFI Dewi sartika

One of the famous figures in Indonesia is dewi sartika. she is also known as Djuragan Dewi or Djuragan Ageung is a That national hero in the world of women's education.

Dewi sartika was born on December 4th 1884 in cicelengka ,bandung. Her father Named Raden somanagara was a Freedom fighting hard to send him to The school of the Netherlands. Although It is so contrary to traditional culture Preavailing at the time. For opposing The Government of the Nethelands east Indies,her Mother was exiled it is so While her father died. so, Dewi sartika Brought up by her maternal uncle,a Brother of her mom,who called Arya. At That time , arya was a governor in Cicelengka. Dewi sartika gained the Knowledgeable of western culture that She showed her potential in the world Of education as a child. in fact, she Taught children of kepatihan maid, so They were all able to read and write a Few words in Dutch. This made Cicelengka in an uproar. people felt shocked because at that time there had Been no rablle of children who can read And write. As a teenager,Dewi sartika Was back to bandung and aims to Promote women's education

Nama : kayla Bilqis Rahma dania

Kelas :VIII B

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He comes from the Quraysh, precisely the descendants of hashim.his father was Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib, the grandson of Hasmi.his mother was Aminah bint wahb from the descendants of Bani zuhrah,one of the tribe of Quraysh.after marriage , Abdullah Made a trip to Sham. When he came home from the trip,he died inmedinah and was buried in that city too.

Nama: Clara Febriani

Kelas:8b

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Born in Ashington, Northumberland, Charlton made his debut for the Manchester United first-team in 1956, aged 18, and soon gained a regular place in the team, during which time he became a Football League First Division champion in 1957 then survived the Munich air disaster of February 1958 after being rescued by teammate Harry Gregg; Charlton was the last survivor of the crash from the club. After helping United to win the FA Cup in 1963 and the Football League in 1965 and 1967, he captained the team that won the European Cup in 1968, scoring two goals in the final to help them become the first English club to win the competition. Charlton left Manchester United to become manager of Preston North End for the 1973–74 season. He changed to player-manager the following season. He next accepted a post as a director with Wigan Athletic, then became a member of Manchester United's board of directors in 1984.

At international level, Charlton was named in the England squad for four World Cups (1958, 1962, 1966, and 1970), though he did not play in the first. At the time of his retirement from the England team in 1970, he was the nation's most capped player, having turned out 106 times at the highest level; Bobby Moore overtook this in 1973. Charlton was the long-time record goalscorer for both Manchester United and England, and United's long-time record appearance maker – his total of 758 matches for United took until 2008 to be beaten, when Ryan Giggs did so in that year's Champions League final. With 249 goals, he was the club's highest all-time goalscorer for more than 40 years, until his record was surpassed by Wayne Rooney in 2017. He is also the third-highest goalscorer for England; his record of 49 goals was beaten in 2015 by Rooney, and again by Harry Kane in 2022.

Name: Bryan Aditya Saputro

Class: 8B

Absen: 8

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Kobe Bean Bryant ( August 23, 1978 – January 26, 2020) was an American professional basketball player. A shooting guard, he spent his entire 20-year career with the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Widely regarded as one of the greatest basketball players of all time, Bryant won five NBA championships and was an 18-time All-Star, 15-time All-NBA Team member, 12-time All-Defensive member. Tim, the 2008 NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP), and two-time NBA Finals MVP. Bryant also leads the NBA in scoring twice and ranks fourth in the league's all-time regular season and postseason scoring. He was posthumously elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2020 and was named to the NBA's 75th Anniversary Team in 2021.

Name: Bayu Manku Putra

Class: VIIIB

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Born in California on September 12 1973, this man's full name is Paul William Walker IV. Born to Cheryl, who works as a model, and Paul Walker III, a contractor, Walker is the eldest of 5 children. He spent his high school years at Village Christian School and then continued his studies in marine biology. Paul Walker died when his career was at its peak. On November 30 2013 at around 15:30 local time, the car he was in hit a pole and caught fire. Local police said two people in a 2005 Porsche Carrera GT died instantly. This terrible accident occurred in Valencia, Santa Clarita, north of Los Angeles, California.

Name : Azhel Firanza

Class : 8b

Absen : 06

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RA Kartini was born to a noble family on April 21, 1879, in the village of Mayong, Java, Indonesia. Ngasirah, Kartini’s mother, was the daughter of a religious scholar.

Sosroningrat, Her father, was a Javanese aristocrat working for the Dutch colonial government. At the age of 6, this afforded Kartini the opportunity to go to a Dutch school.

The school opened Kartini’s eyes to Western ideals. During this time, she also took sewing lessons from Mrs. Marie Ovink-Soer, another regent’s wife.

Ovink-Soer began to imparted her feminist views to her, and therefore instrumental in planting the seed for Kartini’s later.

When she reached adolescence, Javanese tradition dictated that Kartini leave her Dutch school for the sheltered existence deemed appropriate to a young female noble.

Struggling to adapt, she wrote letters to Ovink-Soer and her many Dutch schoolmates, she wrote about protesting gender inequality of Javanese traditions such as forced marriages at a young age.

In Kartini’s eagerness to escape her isolation about her fidgetiness, Kartini had to accept a marriage proposal arranged by her father.

She wed the regent of Rembang, Raden Adipati Joyodiningrat on November 8, 1903. She had recently been offered a scholarship to study abroad, and the marriage dashed her hopes of accepting its scholarship.

According to Javanese tradition, at 24 Kartini was too old to expect to marry well. Intent on spreading her feminist message.

With Kartini new husband’s approval, Kartini set about her planning to start own school for girls of Javanese In 1903.

She opened the first Indonesian primary school for native girls that did not discriminate on the basis of their social status with help from the Dutch government.

The school was set up inside the home of Kartini’s father, and taught girls a progressive, Western-based curriculum.

To her, the ideal education for a young woman encouraged empowerment and enlightenment. Kartini also promoted their lifelong pursuit of education.

Kartini corresponded with feminist Stella Zeehandelaar regurally as well as numerous Dutch officials with the authority to further the cause of Javanese women’s emancipation from oppressive laws and traditions.

Kartini’s letters also expressed her Javanese nationalist sentiments. Kartini died in the regency of Rembang, Java, of complications from giving birth to her first child on September 17, 1904.

Abendanon, published Kartini’s letters, entitled “From Darkness to Light: Thoughts About and on Behalf of the Javanese People” seven years after her death.

In Indonesia, Kartini Day is still celebrated annually on Kartini’s birthday, April 21.

Nama: kesyah hadzifa putri

Class: VIII B

No absen: 17

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dr.hj.hasri Ainun (11agust1937-22may2010),or can be called hari Ainun Habibie, was teh wife of Indonesian 's third president,bj.habibie. ai bacame the third mother of Negar Indonesia from 1998 to1999.

Due to his very high didication tothe wrld of health (specially in treating Aya diseases in Indonesia),teh government in 2013 initiated membangun and inaugurated teh dr.hasri Ainun in lomboto, Gorontalo district.

Currency teh Ainun Habibie hospital is being developed int a teaching hospital referral hospital for areas in teh Tomini bay region which includes the provinces of north Sulawesi,Gorontalo and central Sulawesi.

Name: Andini Trilestari

Kelas:8B

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Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg (c. 1398 – 3 February 1468) was a German metalsmith and inventor who gained fame for his contributions to printing technology in the 1450s, including metal type alloys and oil-based ink. , a mold for precisely printing letters, and a new type of printing press based on the presses used in making wine. Tradition credits him with the European inventor of the printing press, an improvement on the block printing system already in use in the region. By combining these elements in a production system, he made possible the rapid printing of written material, as well as the information explosion in Renaissance Europe.

His major work, the Gutenberg Bible (also known as the 42-line Bible), has been recognized as having high aesthetic and technical qualities.

Nama:Keysa hamidah
Kelas:8b
Absen:19

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Great General of the TNI [posthumous]Sudirman (EYD: Sudirman; 24 January 1916 – 29 January 1950[a]) was a high-ranking Indonesian officer during the Indonesian National Revolution. As the first Commander-in-Chief of the Indonesian National Army, he is a respected figure in Indonesia. Born to a commoner couple in Purbalingga, Dutch East Indies, Soedirman was adopted by his uncle who was a priyayi. After his family moved to Cilacap in 1916, Sudirman grew into a diligent student; He is very active in extracurricular activities, including taking part in a scouting program run by the Islamic organization Muhammadiyah. While in high school, Soedirman began to show his ability to lead and organize. Sudirman was highly respected by the community because of his devotion to Islam. After dropping out of teacher training, in 1936 he began working as a teacher, and later became principal, at a Muhammadiyah elementary school; He was also active in other Muhammadiyah activities and became the leader of the Muhammadiyah Youth Group in 1937. After Japan occupied the Dutch East Indies in 1942, Sudirman continued to teach. In 1944, he joined the Japanese-sponsored Homeland Defenders Army (PETA), serving as battalion commander in Banyumas. During his tenure, Sudirman and his fellow soldiers staged a rebellion, and were then exiled to Bogor.

After Indonesia proclaimed its independence on 17 August 1945, Sudirman escaped from the detention center, then went to Jakarta to meet with President Soekarno. He was assigned to oversee the surrender process of Japanese troops in Banyumas, which he did after establishing the local division of the People's Security Agency. His troops were then made part of Division V on 20 October by interim commander Oerip Soemohardjo, and Sudirman was responsible for the division. On 12 November 1945, in an election to determine the commander-in-chief of the TKR in Yogyakarta, Sudirman was elected commander-in-chief, while Oerip, who had been active in the military before Sudirman was born, became chief of staff. While waiting for his appointment, Sudirman ordered an attack on British and Dutch troops in Ambarawa. This battle and the withdrawal of the British army led to increasingly strong popular support for Sudirman, and he was finally appointed commander-in-chief on 18 December. Over the next three years, Soedirman witnessed the failure of negotiations with the Dutch colonial army who wanted to re-colonize Indonesia, the first being the Linggarjati Agreement - which Soedirman helped draft - and then the Renville Agreement which resulted in Indonesia having to return the territory it took in the First Military Aggression to the Dutch. and the withdrawal of 35,000 Indonesian troops. He also faced rebellions from within, including a coup attempt in 1948. He later blamed these events as the cause of his tuberculosis; because of the infection, his right lung was deflated in November 1948.

On December 19 1948, a few days after Sudirman was released from hospital, the Dutch launched Military Aggression II to occupy Yogyakarta. While the political leaders took refuge in the sultan's palace, Sudirman, along with a small group of soldiers and his personal doctor, traveled south and began guerrilla resistance for seven months. Initially they were followed by Dutch troops, but Sudirman and his troops managed to escape and set up a temporary base in Sobo, near Mount Lawu. From this place, he was able to command military activities on the island of Java, including the March 1 1949 General Attack in Yogyakarta, which was led by Lieutenant Colonel Soeharto. When the Dutch began to withdraw, Sudirman was recalled to Yogyakarta in July 1949. Although he wanted to continue resistance against Dutch troops, he was prohibited by President Soekarno. His TB disease recurred; he retired and moved to Magelang. Sudirman died approximately one month after the Dutch recognized Indonesian independence. He was buried at the Semaki Heroes' Cemetery, Yogyakarta.

Sudirman's death was a sorrow for all Indonesian people. Flags were flown at half-mast and thousands of people gathered to watch the funeral procession. Sudirman continues to be respected by the Indonesian people. His guerilla resistance was designated as a means of developing esprit de corps for the Indonesian army, and the 100-kilometer (62 mi) guerrilla route he took was required of Indonesian cadets to follow before graduating from the Military Academy. Sudirman was featured on the 1968 rupiah banknote, and his name was immortalized as the name of a number of streets, universities, museums and monuments. On December 10, 1964, he was declared a National Hero of Indonesia.

Name : M.Fadil Abdiatama

Class : VIIIB/8B

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Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie known as B. J. Habibie was born on 25 June 1936. He was the Third President of the Republic of Indonesia (1998-1999). Habibie was born in Parepare, South Sulawesi Province to Alwi Abdul Jalil Habibie and R. A. Tuti Marini Puspowardojo. His father was an agriculturist from Gorontalo, mother of a Bugis descent and his mother was a Javanese noblewomen from Yogyakarta. His parents met while Stüdying in Bogor. When he Was 14 years old, Habibie's father was died.

Following his father's death, Habibie continued his studies in Jakarta and then in 1955 moved to Germany. In 1960, Habibie received a degree in engineering in Germany, giving him the title Diplom-Ingenieur. He remained in Germany as a research assistant under Hans Ebner at the Lehrstuhl und Institut fur Leichtbau, RWTH Aachen to conduct research for his doctoral degree.

In 1962, Habibie returned to Indonesia for three months on sick leave. During this time, he was reacquainted with Hasri Ainun, the daughter of R. Mohamad Besari. The two married on May 12, 1962, returning to Germany shortly afterwards. Habibie and wife settled in Aachen for a short period before moving to Oberforstbach. In May 1963 they had their first son, Ilham Akbar Habibie, and later another son, lhareq Kemal Habibie.

When Habibie's minimum salary forced him to work time, he found Marque Talbot's employment with the Automotive, where he became an advisor. Habibie worked on two projects which were received funding from Deutsche Bundesbahn. Due to his work with Makosh, the head of train constructions offered his position to his retirement three years later, but Habibie refused.

Habibie accepted Hamburg position with Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm. There, developed theories on thermodynamics, contruction, and aerodynamics known as the Habibie Factor, Habibie Theorem, and Habibie Method, respectively. He worked for Messerschmit on the development of the Airbus A-300B aircraft. In 1974, he was promoted to vice president of the company.

In 1974, Suharto requested Habibie to return to Indonesia as part of Suharto's drive to develop the country. Habibie initially served as a special assistant to Ibnu Sutowo, the CEO of the state oil company Pertamina. Two years later, in 1976, Habibie was made Chief Executive Officer of the new state-owned Nusantara Gate Aircraft Industry companyIn 1978, he was appointed as Minister of Research and Technology. Habibie was elected vice president in March 1998. On 21 May 1998, Suharto publicly announced his resignation and Habibie was immediately sworn in as president. Habibie's government has been stabilized in the face of the Asian financial crisis and chaos of the last few months of Suharto's presidency.

Since relinquishing the presidency, Habibie has spent more time in Germany than in Indonesia. However, he has also been active as a presidential adviser during Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's presidency. In September 2006, he released a book called Detik-Detik Yang Menentukan: Jalan Panjang Indonesia Menuju Demokrasi (Decisive Moments: Indonesia's Long Road Towards Democracy). The book recalled the events of May 1998.

Nama: jeni lorenza pratama

Kls:8b

Absen:15

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Biography Danudirja Setiabudi ( Ernest Douwes Dekker

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Biography Danudirja Setiabudi ( Ernest Douwes Dekker

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"Danudirja Setabudi real name Ernes Francois Eugene Douwes Dekker . Setabudi is he broher ofEduard Douwes Dekker , auhor of ' Max HaveIaar ' known as Mulauli . HBS aer school in 1897,Ernes worked as a supervisor a a Duch planaton a he foo of Moun Semeru , hen moved o asugar facory in Pasuruan . Douwes Dekker or DD also had o go o school in Swizerland wihregisered himself as an Indonesian and Javanese . This makes he provision of educaton has servedhe profession as a chemisry eacher .When his moher died in 1899, he was very sad . He hen venuring abroad and involved in he BoerWar in Souh Africa , helping drive he English sruggle . Aer ha , he was imprisoned by he Britshin Sri Lanka . In 1903 , he reurned o Java and chose o work as a journalis . He had worked a henewspaper De Locomotef IaIu Surabajaas Handeisbiad . He made he ant- colonial movemenmelalul le er writngs hard agains he Duch . He recruied many youhs , among ohersSoeryopranoo , Cokrodirdjo , Cipo , and Gunawan Mangoenkoesoemo .As a resul , he did no long survive . He also worked in Baaviaas Nieusblad . Jus a lile while, heback ou and make heir own newspapers . Originally HeTijdshri monhly magazine , andnewspaper De Express radical . People call i " Neo - Mulaulian ' . The nexsep was o esablishErnes Indische Partj ( IP ) on he dae of December 25, 1912 in London , along wih wo companions, Cipo Mangunkusumo and Suardi Suryaningra . IP is he rs politcal pary in he Indian called 'Indies for Indies ' Saemen Indies for Indies were able o evoke he spiri of natonalism .Towards he 100h anniversary of he independence of he Neherlands and France in November1903 , leaders of IP , namely Ernes Douwes Dekker , Suardi Suryaningra , and Cipomangunkusumoform Bumipulra Commiee and critcism over plans celebratons in Indonesia . IP regard i as aninsul warning plan for Indonesia are stll colonized . Three Ones is hen discharged o heNeherlands . In he same year IP Duch dissolved by he Governor General . Reurning o Java in1918 , he Three Ones back rying o plunge ino politcs by joining Insulinde . However , because iwas considered oo cuts organizaton , hey also founded he NIP ( Natonaal Indische Partj ) . Theorganizaton immediely dissolved he colonial rulers . Ernes himself also contnue he ghhrough educaton by esablishing he Knigh Instue instll natonal values .Towards he oubreak of he Pacic War in he early 1940s , he Duch capured he movemen ofIndonesian leaders . Ernes including hose arresed and deained in"

Nama:keyla pratiwi ridia

Kls :VlllB

Absen:18

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Albert Einstein was bom at Ulm, in Württemberg, Germany, on March 141879. Six weeks later the family moved to Munichwhere he later on began his schooling at the Luitpold Gymnasium. Later, they moved to Italy and Albert continued his education at Aarau, Switzerland and in 1896 he entered the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in physics and mathematicsIn 1901, the year he Gained his diploma, he acquired Swiss citizenship and, as he was unable to find a teaching posthe accepted a position as technical assistant in the Swiss Patent OfficeIn 1905 he obtained his doctor's degree.

During his stay at the Patent Officeand in his spare timehe produced much of his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909 he became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar postIn 1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and Professor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 and remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical Physics at PrincetonHe became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from his post in 1945.

After World War II, Einstein was a leading figure in the World Government Movement, he was offered the Presidency of the State of Israel, which he declined, and he collaborated with Dr. Chaim Weizmann in establishing the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the determination to solve them. He had a strategy of his own and was able to visualize the main stages on the way to his goalHe regarded his major achievements as mere stepping-stones for the next advance.

At the start of his scientific work, Einstein realized the inadequacies of Newtonian mechanics and his special theory of relativity stemmed from an attempt to reconcile the laws of mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic fieldHe dealt with classical problems of statistical mechanics and problems in which they were merged with quantum theory: this led to an explanation of the Brownian movement of molecules. He investigated the thermal properties of light with a low radiation density and his observations laid the foundation of the photon theory of light.

In his early days in Berlin, Einstein postulated that the correct interpretation of the special theory of relativity must also fumisha theory of gravitation and in 1916 he published his paper on the general theory of relativity.

During this time he also contributed to the problems of the theory of radiation and statistical mechanics

In the 1920'sEinstein embarked on the construction of unified field theoriesalthough he continued to work on

the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theoryand he persevered with this work in AmericaHe contributed.

❀Name: Rossa dwi kartika

❀Absen: 30

❀Class: VIII B

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Isaac Newton was born on 4 January 1643 [KJ: 25 December 1642] in Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, a hamlet (village) in the county of Lincolnshire. At the time of his birth, England still adopted the Julian calendar, so his birthday was recorded as December 25, 1642 at Christmas. His father, also named Isaac Newton, died three months before Newton was born. Newton was born prematurely; it was also reported that his mother, Hannah Ayscough, once said that he could fit a cup (≈ 1.1 liters). When Newton was three years old, his mother remarried and left Newton under the care of his grandmother, Margery Ayscough. The young Newton disliked his stepfather and harbored resentment towards his mother for marrying him, as revealed in her confession: "Threatening my father and mother Smith to burn them and the house upon them."

Newton started school while living with his grandmother in the village and then sent to a local language school in Grantham where he eventually became the smartest kid in school. While attending school in Grantham he lived in a boarding house owned by a local pharmacist named William Clarke. Before continuing his studies at Cambridge University at the age of 19, Newton had a love affair with William Clarke's adopted sister, Anne Storer. As Newton focused on his studies, his love story became more uncertain and Storer eventually married someone else. Many said that he, Newton, always remembered his love story, although it was never mentioned that Newton had a girlfriend or even married.

From the age of 12 to 17 years, Newton received his education at The King's School located in Grantham (his signature is still in the school library). His family took Newton out of school on the grounds that he should become a farmer, however Newton did not like his new job. The principal of King's School then convinced his mother to send Newton back to school so he could complete his education. Newton was able to finish school at the age of 18 with satisfactory grades.

In June 1661, Newton was accepted at Cambridge University's Trinity College as a sizar (student studying by working).At that time, university teaching was based on the teachings of Aristotle, but Newton preferred to read the ideas of more advanced modern philosophers such as Descartes and astronomers such as Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler. In 1665, he discovered the general binomial theorem and began developing a mathematical theory that eventually developed into calculus. Soon after Newton received his degree in August 1665, Cambridge University was closed due to the Great Plague. Although his studies at Cambridge were mediocre, the private studies he conducted at his home in Woolsthorpe for two years encouraged him to develop the theory of calculus, optics and the laws of gravity. In 1667, he returned to Cambridge as a tutor at Trinity.

In 1679 Newton returned to work on the mechanics of celestial bodies, namely gravity and its effects on the orbits of the planets, with reference to Kepler's laws of planetary motion. This was stimulated by a brief exchange of letters in 1679–1680 with Hooke, who had been appointed to manage the Royal Society's correspondence, and opened correspondence intended to solicit contributions from Newton to the Royal Society's scientific journals. Newton's reawakened interest in astronomy received further stimulation with the appearance of a comet in the winter of 1680-1681, which he discussed in correspondence with John Flamsteed.After discussions with Hooke, Newton created proof that the elliptical shape of a planet's orbit would result from centripetal force being inversely proportional to the square of the radius vector. Newton sent the results of this work to Edmond Halley and to the Royal Society in De motu corporum in gyrum, a nine-page treatise that was copied into the Royal Society's register in December 1684.This treatise formed the core of the argument that would later be developed in Principia.

The Principia was published on July 5, 1687 with the support and financial assistance of Edmond Halley. In this work Newton stated Newton's laws of motion which made possible many advances in the Industrial revolution that then occurred. This law has not been revised again in over 200 years, and remains the foundation of the modern world's non-relativistic technology. He used the Latin word gravitas (weight) for the effect later named gravity, and defined the law of universal gravitation.

In the same work, Newton presented a method of geometric analysis similar to calculus, with a 'first to last ratio', and specified analyzes to determine (based on Boyle's law) the speed of sound in air, determine the speed of the Earth's spheroid shape, account for the precession of the equinoxes due to gravitational pull the moon at the speed of the Earth, began the study of gravitational irregularities in the Moon's motion, provided a theory for determining the orbits of comets, and much more.

Newton clarified his heliocentric view of the solar system, which was developed in a more modern form, because in the mid-1680s he already recognized that the Sun was not exactly at the center of gravity of the solar system. [30] For Newton, the center point of the Sun or other celestial bodies could not be considered stationary , but it should be "the common center of gravity of the Earth, the Sun and the Planets that should be called the Center of the World", and this center of gravity "is stationary or moves uniformly in a straight line". Newton adopted the alternative "immovable" view noting the common view that the center,wherever it mybe does not move.

Name: Salman Alfaarizi

Class : 8B

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Alexander Graham Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on March 3, 1847. Bell's father was a professor at the University of Edinburgh and his mother was a famous pianist despite being deaf.

Bell did not excel academically. Since childhood, he studied by homeschooling. However, from an early age, Bell was always solving problems.

When he was 12 years old, Bell invented a rowing device rotating and nail brush which can separate the chaff and seeds in the wheat to improve the spring process. At age 16 Bell began studying the mechanics of speech. He went on to the Royal High School and the University of Edinburgh. In 1870, he and his family moved to Canada.The following year, Bell settled in the United States.In 1877 the Bell Telephone company known as AT&T was founded.In 1915, Bell made the first transcontinental telephone call to Watson from New to San Francisco. By combining telegraph and voice recorder technology, Bell developed a telephone prototype.In this first telephone, sound waves appeared due to electric currents that differed both in intensity and frequency.

Nama: Callysta Julia Tan

Kelas:VIIIB

Absen:9

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Hamzah bin abdul-muththalib was born around the same time as prophet muhammad SAW. He is the son abdul muththalib and abdullah bin abdul muththalib happened at the same time. and the mother of the prophet, aminah binti wahab, is a cousin of haulah binti wuhaid. Hamzah bin abdul muththalib is a person who has a smart brain and a strong stance, he is among the restecped quraisyh figures. His real name is hamzah bin abdul-muththalib bin habsyim. An uncle of the prophet muhammad SAW. and his siblings. He embraced islam in the sixty year of prophethood,he migrated with the prophet SAW. and participated in the battle of badar, and died at the time of battle of uhud, RASULULLAH SAW. nicnamed him asadullah or the lion of allah SWT. and named him as a marty sayidus.

Ibnu qatar said in the book usud al ghabah. In the battle of uhud, hamzah managed to kill thirty one quraisy infidels, until at one poin he slipped so that he fell backwards and his armor was exsposed, and at that moment he was directly speared and his stomach was ripped out. Then his heart was taken out by hindun and then chewed on hamzah heart but he did no swallow it and immediately threw it up.

nama: Anggono ahmadi

Kelas: 8b

Absen: 4

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Fatmawati that has a real name Fatmawati born in Bengkulu, February 5 th 1923 and she is past away in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in May 14 1980 in 57 years old. She is a wife from fist Indonesia president Soekarno. She is a fist nation mother from year 1945 until 1967 and third wife from fist Indonesia president Soekarno, she is famous with her service in sewing Indonesia flag that is flaunt in Indonesia independence day in Jakarta, August 17th 1945.

Fatmawati born from parents Hasan din and Siti chadijah. Her parents is a generation putri Indrapura, is asking family from Indrapura kingdom, pesisir selatan, west Sumatera. Her father is a businessman and Muhammadiyah figure in Bengkulu. In June 1 st 1943, Fatmawati married, they has 5 daughter and son. They are Guntur Soekarnoputra, Megawati Soekarnoputri, Rachmawati Soekarnoputri, Sukmawati Soekarnoputri and guruh Soekarnoputra. Hope you get new information and thank you

NAMA:GEBI MA QOYEEM

KELAS:VIII B

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𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐲𝐧 𝐌𝐨𝐧𝐫𝐨 ★

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𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐲𝐧 𝐌𝐨𝐧𝐫𝐨 ★

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𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒍𝒚𝒏 𝑴𝒐𝒏𝒓𝒐 𝒘𝒂𝒔 𝒃𝒐𝒓𝒏 𝒐𝒏 𝑱𝒖𝒏𝒆 𝒐𝒏𝒆, 𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒔𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒉𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒔𝒊𝒙𝒕𝒚 𝒕𝒘𝒐 – 𝑨𝒖𝒈𝒖𝒔𝒕 𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒓, 𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒔𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒉𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔𝒊𝒙𝒕𝒚 𝒕𝒘𝒐) 𝒃𝒐𝒓𝒏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝑳𝒐𝒔 𝑨𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒔, 𝒔𝒉𝒆 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝑨𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔, 𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒓. 𝑲𝒏𝒐𝒘𝒏 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒓𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝒂𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒓 "𝒅𝒖𝒎𝒃 𝒃𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆"

𝑴𝒐𝒏𝒓𝒐𝒆 𝒍𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒅 𝒎𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒍𝒅𝒉𝒐𝒐𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂𝒏 𝒐𝒓𝒑𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒊𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒏. 𝑺𝒉𝒆 𝒎𝒆𝒕 𝒂 𝒑𝒉𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒑𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑭𝒊𝒓𝒔𝒕 𝑴𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑷𝒊𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒍𝒆 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒊𝒏 𝒂 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒚 𝒅𝒖𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑾𝒐𝒓𝒍𝒅 𝑾𝒂𝒓 𝑰𝑰 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒃𝒆𝒈𝒂𝒏 𝒂 𝒔𝒖𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒇𝒖𝒍 𝒑𝒊𝒏-𝒖𝒑 𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒆𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒓. 𝑯𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕-𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 𝒇𝒊𝒍𝒎 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒔 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒚 𝑭𝒐𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑪𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒂 𝑷𝒊𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒔. 𝑨𝒇𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒇𝒊𝒍𝒎 𝒓𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔, 𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏𝒆𝒅 𝒂 𝒏𝒆𝒘 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑭𝒐𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒚 𝒊𝒏 𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒉𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒇𝒊𝒇𝒕𝒚. 𝑶𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒆𝒙𝒕 𝒕𝒘𝒐 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒔, 𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒆 𝒑𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒓𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒚 𝒇𝒊𝒍𝒎𝒔, 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑨𝒔 𝒀𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒔 𝒀𝒐𝒖 𝑭𝒆𝒆𝒍 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑴𝒐𝒏𝒌𝒆𝒚 𝑩𝒖𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒔, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒔 𝑪𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒉 𝒃𝒚 𝑵𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑫𝒐𝒏'𝒕 𝑩𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒐 𝑲𝒏𝒐𝒄𝒌.

𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝑮𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏 𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒆𝒓 𝑩𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑯𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒐 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒚 𝒂 𝑴𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒆, 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 "𝒅𝒖𝒎𝒃 𝒃𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆".

𝒘𝒂𝒔 𝒔𝒖𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒍𝒚 𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒇𝒊𝒇𝒕𝒚-𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒓𝒆𝒋𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂 𝒇𝒊𝒍𝒎 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒋𝒆𝒄𝒕 𝒃𝒖𝒕 𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒏𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒓 𝒊𝒏 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝑺𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒀𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝑰𝒕𝒄𝒉, 𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒊𝒈𝒈𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒃𝒐𝒙 𝒐𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝒔𝒖𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒉𝒊𝒔 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒓.

𝑾𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒔𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒐𝒔 𝒘𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒍 𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝑴𝒐𝒏𝒓𝒐𝒆'𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕, 𝒔𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒅 𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒘𝒏 𝒇𝒊𝒍𝒎 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒚 𝒊𝒏 𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒉𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒇𝒊𝒇𝒕𝒚-𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒓. 𝑯𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒔𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒉𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒇𝒊𝒇𝒕𝒚-𝒇𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝒃𝒖𝒊𝒍𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒉𝒊𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒚 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒃𝒆𝒈𝒂𝒏 𝒔𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒚𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒅 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑨𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔 𝑺𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒐. 𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓, 𝑭𝒐𝒙 𝒂𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒆𝒅 𝒉𝒊𝒎 𝒂 𝒏𝒆𝒘 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕, 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒈𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒉𝒊𝒎 𝒎𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒍 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂 𝒃𝒊𝒈𝒈𝒆𝒓 𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒚. 𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒓𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒅𝒆 𝑩𝒖𝒔 𝑺𝒕𝒐𝒑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒇𝒊𝒓𝒔𝒕 𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑺𝒉𝒐𝒘𝒈𝒊𝒓𝒍. 𝑺𝒉𝒆 𝒘𝒐𝒏 𝒂 𝑮𝒐𝒍𝒅𝒆𝒏 𝑮𝒍𝒐𝒃𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝑩𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝑨𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝒊𝒏 𝑺𝒐𝒎𝒆 𝑳𝒊𝒌𝒆 𝑰𝒕 𝑯𝒐𝒕, 𝒂 𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒖𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔. 𝑯𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒇𝒊𝒍𝒎 𝒘𝒂𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒂 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝑴𝒊𝒔𝒇𝒊𝒕𝒔.

𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦: 𝑵𝒂𝒚𝒍𝒂 𝒂𝒍𝒌𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒔𝒂 (𝑬𝒍𝒍𝒂) ✧⁠*⁠。🍒

𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬: 𝐕𝐈𝐈𝐈𝐁 🌟

𝐚𝐛𝐬𝐞𝐧 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫: 𝟐𝟔 ∘⁠˚⁠˳⁠° 🎀

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Raden mas Soewardi soeryaningrat was born in Yogyakarta on may 2 -1889. He came from Pakualaman family, the son of GPH soeryarningrat, grandson of Pakualaman III and grew up in a family of Yogyakarta kingdom.

Then, in 1922 when he was 40 years old (according to the count of Caka years). Raden mas Soewardi soeryaningrat changed hes name to KI Hajar Dewantara.

Since that time, he was no longer using a knightood in front of his name. Based on the Indonesian spelling in since 1972, its name is misspelled as KI Hajar Dewantara.

KI Hajar Dewantara ever studied at Europeesches lagere school (ELS) at the Dutch Colonial era it is an elementary school in Indonesian.

After graduating from ELS, then he went to STOVIA (Bumi Putera Medicial School) is a school for the aducation of indigenous doctors in Batavia in the Dutch Colonial era. This time it became the faculty of medicine, University of Indonesia. Although he did not could not complete his education because of illnes.

Ki Hajar Dewantara wolked as awriter and brave with anti-colonial spirit.

Besides work as a writer, he is also active in social and political organizations. Since 1908, the beginning of the Boede Utomo (BO), he was active inthe propaganda sectoin to socialize and Indonesian pulbic awareness about the importance of a sense of unity in the nation.

Not only that. It turns Ki Hajar Dewantara also know as a prominent pioneer of education for the natives of Indonesia from the Dutch Colonial era.

In fact, he managed to establish a school of the National university student park (National institute of taman siswa onderwijs) on Jully 3 -1922.

At first the Dutch Colonial government atlempted to deter his plan. Dutch government issued a wild school Ordinance on october 1 -1932. However, because of his persistance and struggle the Ordinance was finally

lifted.

Name: Kadek chalista Nayla.R.

Class: 8B

No absen: 16

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Thomas Alva Edison as Inventor who was born on February 11, 1847, in Milan, Ohio. Thomas Edison was the youngest of seven children Samuel and Edison. His father was an exiled political activist, while his mother was an accomplished school teacher and had a great influence on Thomas’ early life. Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor, his inventions include the telegraph, the phonograph, the first practical incandescent electric light bulb, alkaline storage batteries and the Kinetograph (camera for film)During his lifetime, Edison received many patents. His first patent was obtained from the Electrographic Vote-Recorder on October 13, 1868, at the age of 21. His last patent was for equipment used to hold objects during the electroplating process. While the artificer wasn’t the inventor of the first light bulb, he did find the technology that helped bring it back in time.

NAMA:Danendra Prima Azora

KELAS:8B

ABSEN:11

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Edson Arantes do Nascimento or better known as Pelé (born 23 October 1940, Três Corações, Minas Gerais, Brazil) is a world football legend from Brazil. During his career as a player, Pele succeeded in bringing Brazil to the FIFA World Cup title 3 times, namely in 1958 in Sweden, 1962 in Chile, and 1970 in Mexico. Thanks to this success, Brazil was entitled to the Jules Rimet Cup. Often considered the greatest player of all time, Pelé earned the nickname O Rei or The King

Nama:Ahmad Akbar Al insani
Kelas:8B

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Hendrik Johannes Cruijff or often called Johan Cruyff was born on 25 April 1947, Amsterdam, Netherlands and died on 24 March 2016 Barcelona, ​​Spain. Johan Cruyff is the best football player of all time and one of the living legends of Dutch football, throughout his career he has won a lot trophies ranging from the Champions League, Dutch League to the European Cup. In terms of personal career, Cruyff has also won the title of best European player and the Ballon d'Or.

However, what people will always remember is that Cruyff was a genius who introduced and identified the Netherlands as one of the countries capable of showing a beautiful game through total football. Because of his role, Cruyff was deified by the Dutch people and became the best football player of all time.

Nama: Rizki langit ramadhan

Kelas:8B

No absen :29

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Stephen Hillenburg is an American animator, writer, producer, actor, voice actor, and director best known for creating the animated series SpongeBob SquarePants.

Born in Lawton, Oklahoma, Hillenburg moved to Orange County, California when he was one year old. He grew up in Anaheim, California and attended Humboldt State University, earning a degree in marine resource interpretation and planning in 1984. He attended the California Institute of the Arts (CalArts) in 1992 to help his animation career.

Hillenburg held several jobs before pursuing a career as a marine biology teacher. For three years in the late 1980s, Hillenburg taught marine biology at the Ocean Institute in Dana Point. A few years after graduating from CalArts, Hillenburg met Joe Murray, creator of Rocko's Modern Life and was offered the job as series director. He then joined the show as a writer, producer, and storyboard artist in its third season, and continued for most of the fourth season. He began developing SpongeBob SquarePants into a television series in 1996 after the cancellation of Rocko's Modern Life. SpongeBob SquarePants first aired on May 1, 1999, and has aired 356 episodes. Hillenburg directed the film based on The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie series. After the film finished, he stopped working on the show and appointed Paul Tibbitt as series showrunner. Hillenburg is working on the sequel as executive producer and writer. In 2009, he said that he was developing two other TV projects.

Hillenburg has won one Emmy Award and six Annie Awards for SpongeBob SquarePants. He has also received other honors, including a Walk the Talk award from Heal the Bay for his efforts in raising awareness of marine life through SpongeBob SquarePants, and a Television Animation Award from the National Cartoonists Society. In 2002, he received a Statue Award in the film Dari

Princess Grace Foundation.

Name :ANGGA SAPUTRA
CLASS:8b/VIIIB
Absen: 03

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Nikola Tesla was born on July 10, 1856 in Smiljan, Austrian Empire, now Croatia. He was a scientist, physicist, mechanical engineer and electrical engineer who discovered the concept of alternating electricity which became the forerunner of the modern electrical system. Tesla lived in New York and worked for Thomas Alva Edison, at that time Tesla succeeded in designing 24 types of dynamos. However, the two never got along with each other so Tesla built his own laboratory. After parting ways with Edison, Tesla was able to show his prowess by discovering the concept of alternating current (AC). His invention was heavier than Edison's direct electricity (DC) system. In just one year, Tesla was able to create 30 works which he made patents for. High voltage transformers, remote controls, and electric motors are also examples of Nikola Tesla's invention contributions. Apart from that, Nikola Tesla also carried out a series of research and experiments on radio waves until he succeeded in making a radio. He researched this because he had a great interest in electromagnetic radiation. But unfortunately, Nikola Tesla failed to patent the radio and finally the radio was patented by Guglielmo Marconi so that we know him as the inventor of the radio. This failure was due to a series of disasters that befell him. In 1895, his laboratory was completely destroyed by fire so that many records of his discoveries were burned, including records about radio. Even though he made many useful inventions, Tesla was not respected during his lifetime. At that time, his ideas were considered strange, even Nikola Tesla was often labeled as a crazy person. Tesla's misfortunes continued, in 1915, he declared bankruptcy. The media at that time reported him as a madman and a fraud. Tesla also spent the end of his life working on several new research projects. He also spent the rest of his life with the pigeons he kept, to the point where he admitted that he could communicate with pigeons.

Nikolaa tesla's invention:

Transsmitter magnifiers

Tesla turbines

Radio remote controls

Neon lights and the hydroelectric power plant a niagara falls.

NAME:RIZKI RAMADHAN AL FAKHRI

KELAS:8B

ABSEN:32

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                                 Gambar Sunan Bonang

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Sunan Bonang was born in 1465 AD in Tuban Regency, East Java Province. He is one of the important figures in the history of the spread of Islam in Java in the 14th century AD. Sunan Bonang was born into a religious noble family, his mother was Nyai Ageng Manila and his father was Ibrahim Asmarakandi or commonly known as Sunan Ampel.

Sunan Bonang's parents were religious figures and became one of the famous ulama in Java. Sunan Bonang is the first of five children, his younger siblings are named Syarifuddin (Sunan Drajat), Siti Syarifah (wife of Sunan Kudus), Siti Muthmainnah and Siti Hafsah as the youngest. It was his family that ultimately had a strong influence on Sunan Bonang in studying religious knowledge. Regarding education, Sunan Bonang received most of his education from Sunan Ampel, especially in the fields of religious knowledge and general knowledge. Sunan Bonang also had time to seek knowledge from Shaykh Maulana Ishak (Sunan Giri's father) when he traveled to Malacca on the pilgrimage to the Holy Land with Raden Paku Sunan Giri.

During his life he continuously attempted to spread the teachings of Islam in Java. Sunan Bonang died when he was 60 years old in the Lasem area, Central Java in 1525 AD. News of Sunan Bonang's death spread very quickly at that time and Sunan Bonang's students from all over the archipelago came to pay their last respects to their teacher. Sunan Bonang was a diligent figure and had a high enthusiasm for learning, so he became an intelligent scholar. and mastered a lot of literature, art, Sufism, jurisprudence, architecture, and even pencak silat.

Name:Raza Surya Pratama

Class:VIIIB

Absen:28