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In 1962, MIT computer scientist J.C.R. Licklider conceives the idea for a global computer network, and shares it with the U.S. Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).

With advancements in Paul Baran's packet-switching concept by Leonard Kleinrock and his team, the first public wide-area computer network is established in 1969.

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Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol is the result of a collaborative effort in 1973 between Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf to link multiple networks together, in a way that won't cause all networks to collapse if one were to go down.

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In 1989, dial-up internet using telephone lines are commercialised by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and household internet access becomes widely accessible for public use.

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CERN develops hypertext markup language (HTML) and the uniform resource locator (URL), which in combination with the existing developments leads to the start of the World Wide Web.

Soon after, Microsoft launches Windows 95 with Internet Explorer, and various web services come to fruition, with companies being founded on the anticipated success of the World Wide Web.

By the end of the 1990s, several of these companies are today leaders in the digital market, such as Google and Amazon.

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Launched in 2003, LinkedIn is a useful platform that allows employers and employees to network with ease.

Nowadays, LinkedIn is still used to headhunt employees and is effective as an inter-office social media platform.

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In the early 2000s, various social media platforms such as MySpace, Facebook and Twitter are founded.

YouTube in particular is an extraordinary case, going from 20 million users in 2006 to 160 million users in 2008, but the trend of exponential growth in usage is also evident in other platforms.

While some ultimately wouldn't stick around, the idea of newer social media platforms in itself is continuously getting stronger - TikTok was launched in 2016 and today has over 1 billion monthly active users, placing it 4th in usage overall.

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Throughout the history of social media, various different platforms would come along and introduce something new in order to compete with the established heavyweights, and this competition would contribute to new innovations, and constant shifts in popularity.

Starting in 1973 with Talkomatic, unfortunately locked behind the PLATO system with the World Wide Web yet to be established, this platform would allow users to create chats that required a password to enter and allowed multiple users to communicate via text-based messaging - a core feature in a majority of platforms today.

With the internet commercialised, AOL and MSN would expand on this concept with more modernised clients, and new features such as emotes and video messaging.

Several more platforms would come to fruition with their own ideologies, and while the likes of Friendster and MySpace saw a lot of success in earlier years, Facebook would set the precedent for years to come, taking and constantly developing ideas such as creating a profile, making friends, sharing posts and media, and being able to tag people to form connections.

Throughout these years, other platforms with more concentrated purposes would still shine. Pinterest, Instagram and Tumblr were barebones in terms of features when compared to Facebook but were effective for users who just wanted a place to view and share images without the bells and whistles offered by other platforms.

Twitter would see popularity for short form blogging which allowed users to easily follow several of their favourite personalities, Snapchat offered a secure and entertaining way of messaging in the form of disappearing images, Twitch became the go-to website for live streaming, and TikTok would expand on the idea of short-form video content used by Vine and Musical.ly to take the world by storm.

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In 2007, the iPhone was launched, and would go on to define what a 'smartphone' is, with cellular internet a key feature allowing internet access in your pocket without a Wi-Fi connection, provided by a mobile network.

Despite taking a few years to truly take off, smartphones and cellular internet would go on to start a trend of convergent technologies, with the likes of cameras and media players becoming more obsolete with the technology being readily available in one place.

This also contributed to making these technologies more accessible, with mobile phones being an essential commodity in everyday life and now carrying the aforementioned features as an industry standard.

Advancements in cellular internet would also go on to be fundamental in the development of other technologies too, such as robotics and cloud-based networking.

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Recent developments in workplace use of the internet and social media

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Recent developments in workplace use of the internet and social media

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In recent years digital technologies have been embraced for the improvement of productivity and workflow. Long gone are the days of letters and memos and restrictive scheduling, as long as an internet connection is available to you and you have the right equipment, your office can be anywhere through the use of platforms such as Teams, WhatsApp, or Zoom. Work can be easily accessed via the cloud, productivity tools are easily accessible and can be shared to an entire department through the likes of Google Drive or Microsoft 365, and employees can be hired on a work-from-home or hybrid basis. This not only contributes to the quality of work that can be achieved, but to saving costs on office space, maintenance, travel and more.

Much of the same technology that can improve workplaces can also be used in educational settings, with online lessons and lectures, saving coursework on the cloud and utilising the internet for study material.

The way marketing has adapted to the rise of social media is a good example of these digital technologies being applied - there are now many more platforms to deploy advertising for your product and you can create a portal for customers to follow through and learn more about what there is to offer. These platforms can be quite versatile in comparison to traditional forms of marketing such as TV and print media - it's not uncommon for big content creators on platforms such as YouTube to be sponsored, and there are several more techniques to improve the quality of a campaign. The results for these strategies are also easily measured by interactions, providing high quality data which can contribute greatly to future projects.

Various aspects of accessibility or comfort have also improved from the consumer's point of view, such as the ability to shop at unsociable hours or ask a member of staff a question through e-mail or social media.

The quality of healthcare has also been improved, with remote appointments with GPs, utilities to help keep track of diet and exercise routines, securely stored information on patients, and an overall improved infrastructure for sending information between different surgeries, clinics or hospital departments.

More jobs have also been created through the presence of these technologies, with newer creative fields being established such as graphic design, and the necessary upkeep of these technologies through web or software development and cyber security.

Employees and employers alike are also able to take advantage of improving technology to increase their quality of life in the workplace with improved tools for data collection and business operations - for example, the improved quality of data collection technology has led to its increase in usage for analysing key performance indicators and subsequently more regularly scheduled audits. On top of this, employee satisfaction surveys are more easily deployed, and the quality of information provided can lead to more easily implemented changes.

If these technologies weren't already widely implemented, they certainly are now in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, where limitations to everyday life such as social distancing required workplaces to adapt or be left in the dust.

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For all the merit the internet deserves, there are also some areas where its safety could be questioned.

By simply browsing the internet, you leave a 'digital footprint' - essentially a record of your activity online. This information can include information you've intentionally left, such as posts or reactions on social media, or unwittingly, such as information about which websites you have visited which may affect which adverts are presented to you.

This also extends to personal information that has been entered into websites such as email addresses, passwords and bank account information, and while there are secure procedures and laws in place to prevent the information from being unfairly used, you may find your information is still at risk - sometimes even from big companies you might not expect it from.

Another risk is one that became more prevalent with the popularity of social media - fake news.

Exciting headlines tend to garner more clicks and shares, which could lead to more ad revenue or clout - so some outlets will maliciously manipulate their articles to make them feel more exciting, by misleading the reader or lying in their content.

It's worth noting that fake news isn't inherently malicious, and it may simply be poor journalism or satire, but when it is used in a malicious way it can lead to propaganda or unfounded character attacks.

These risks can be avoided by taking appropriate steps when browsing, by sharing your data carefully, using security tools and taking precautions when browsing the web.

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The internet today and what the future holds in store

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The internet today and what the future holds in store

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Nowadays the internet plays a huge part in everyday life, from how integral it is to the workflow of most businesses to how consumers utilise streaming and social media, it's difficult to imagine how the past 10 years would have gone without the internet, and it's safe to say if the internet were to suddenly disappear there would be a lot of difficulty adjusting.

Thanks to developments in infrastructure, the adaptability of existing technologies and advancements in other digital technologies going hand-in-hand with the internet, we are seeing new technologies unravel before us, such as the implementation of improved 5G cellular data to improve the responsiveness of delivery robots - just one step towards the embracement of automation, artificial intelligence and robotics.

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How improvements and trends in the digital sector have been affected by changing work environments 

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How improvements and trends in the digital sector have been affected by changing work environments 

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Due to the development of technologies in and around the workplace, the responsibilities of employees and factors that make an individual more employable are expected to change. An example of this is how digital aptitude is expected to outweigh tenure or experience, due to the fast-evolving nature of technology.

It's this fast-evolving nature that has already led to employees being upskilled in some cases, such as when car manufacturers were switching from human to robotic assembly lines, employees would put their existing knowledge to use and learn to maintain said robots.

Assembly line robots are also a great example of technology advancing due to a change in work environments - consistency in the final product would improve, and less resources would need to be used for replacing and training staff. Development of the assembly line is still underway, with collaborative robots being designed to work alongside humans to compensate for a lack of adequately skilled employees in the field.

The maintenance of ethical standards in work environments are being upheld with the help of technology too, with sustainability being a hot topic for the sake of conserving energy and saving the planet. From the Internet of Technology being utilised to install energy saving lights and heating with sensors and timers for marginal improvements to the use of big data analytics to pinpoint where a business can drastically improve on its energy usage to reduce costs and ecological impact.