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moral obligations that bind a nurse

*Nurse's primary moral obligation is to the patient *
-compassion
-respect
-dignity
-worth
-can be individual, family, group, community
-advocate
-protect
-safety

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the process by which a legal authority grants permission to a qualified individual to perform certain activities that are considered to be illegal without a license

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the best action is that which produces the greatest amount of happiness for the largest number of people

happiness= pleasure, avoidance of pain

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focusing on consequences but avoiding exploitation and problems with making predictions in each situation

types of actions> individual actions

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qualification that applies to institutions rather than individuals

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each action/situation must be completely evaluated in terms of the consequences of available alternatives

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Basing rules on consequences
*morality is key

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-used interchangeably with morality
(standards of behavior involving right and wrong actions)

Guiding moral principles that apply values and judgments to the practice of medicine.

*Used in a special way to apply theoretical positions

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Humans should never be treated merely as means, but always as ends in themselves- due to their autonomy

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the obligation not to disseminate patients' private information without their permission

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-rejects using rules and principles

explores how a caring person would attempt to solve a moral problem, with a view to building an ethical stance that moves from a central role for individual rights and from strict moral rules/principles to a concern for establishing and preserving good relationships, helping others, and promoting mutual well-being

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a medical decision that goes against the desires of a patient, but is made for the benefit of the patient

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-fair treatment
opposed to discrimination on the basis of age, gender, sexual orientation, race, religion, etc.

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a theory that tries to connect various moral perspectives with bioethical decision making
Four Key Principles:
1. Respect for autonomy
2. Nonmaleficence
3. Beneficence
4. Justice

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happiness/pleasure and the absence of pain is the foundation of all moral obligations

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state law enacted by legislature that mandates the board of nursing to set out the scope of practice for nurses
*guidance for nursing profession particular to each state

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standards of behavior involving right and wrong actions

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The ability to control who has access to us (patients)

-not disclosing protected health information
-physical privacy: limitations on the viewing and touching of a patient's body by the patient's providers, keeping observation/touching to a minimum of what is medically necessary

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assessing the morality of an action by universalizing the basic rule behind that action

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the prohibition against doing harm
-rejects causing pain, suffering, incapacitating, offending people, and depriving them of the things they value
*no requirement to promote goodness

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to benefit the patient in terms of his or her evaluation of proposed treatments
* providers moral obligation to do good/help people

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freedom to make decisions about one's own care

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disclosure of information to a patient and the patient having a moral and legal right to accept or reject medical treatment

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the process by which a licensed professional shows that he or she is qualified to perform designated clinical activities

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the process by which a non-governmental agency or an association grants recognition to an individual who has met certain predetermined qualifications

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DeMarco, J., & Jones, G. (2019). Ethical & Legal Issues in Nursing. Broadview Press.