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According to OCEANA, the exact two threats towards the great white is simply bycatch. The idea of bycatch is simply how targeted this species is by commercial fisheries. It has been recorded that about 80% of young sharks are caught in nursery grounds off Southern California. In prospect, this species is hunted by man for their fins or teeth and in other cases as a trophy. In other cases, shark meat is very common to consume in cultures known in Iceland, Japan, Australia, parts of India, parts of Canada, Sri Lanka, areas of Africa, Mexico and Yemen.

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In order to come up with a solution with the massive marine biodiversity loss it’s encouraged to stop overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks through catch limits and ecosystem-based fisheries management, establish well-managed and highly or fully protected marine protected areas. Another would be to fully protect our waters from becoming overly polluted.

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The main affects on marine biodiversity would include bycatch, climate change, and pollution.

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A great white shark’s biggest competition would be the Orca (known also as the killer whale). The reason being is these two species are both apex predators, causing them to hunt for similar prey at times if they cross paths; will lead up into having these two fight each other.

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A common predator-prey example in this situation would be the Great White Shark preying on Sea Lions, as they become apart of their diet throughout the years.

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The biotic factors of a great white shark include dolphins, fish, seaweed, shrimp, algae, whales, seals, sea lions, tuna, octopus, squid, salmon, crabs, and trout. The abiotic factors included would be water, sand, oxygen, waves, rocks, and wreckage.

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Some of the characteristics of the biome would include;

- Temperate and subtropical waters (preferred approximately 50 to 80 degrees F)
- Both near-shore coastal waters and offshore pelagic waters.
- The babies tend to remain in near-shore habitats over shallow continental-shelf, in warmer waters. Older sharks have a changed diet which consists of seal and sea lion rookeries leading them to be in pelagic habitats.

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As we know, sharks are apex predators who help control the ecosystem from completely dying out. If this species were to ever become extinct, this would bring many disasters for other species and the human population. The disasters included would be a whole unbalanced ecosystem, causing the the other species, who were once maintained, to flourish. With these rapid increases in populations will soon diminish rates of other species such as sea grass and coral reef habitats.

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“Threats to Great White Sharks”, OCEANA Protecting the World’s Oceans (2020)
https://usa.oceana.org/threats-great-white-sharks/

“Great white shark extinction would upset balance of Atlantic Ocean” Treasure Coast Newspaper ; Cheryl Smith (2018)
https://www.tcpalm.com/story/news/2018/02/01/great-white-shark-extinction-would-upset-balance-atlantic-ocean/1051050001/

“White Shark” NOAA Fisheries
https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/white-shark#:~:text=The%20white%20shark%20occurs%20worldwide,of%20Mexico%20and%20U.S.%20Caribbean.

“Marine Biodiversity in Dangerous Decline, Finds New Report” (2019)
https://www.nrdc.org/bio/lauren-kubiak/marine-biodiversity-dangerous-decline-finds-new-report#:~:text=We%20need%20to%20stop%20overfishing,)%2C%20and%20mitigate%20climate%20change.

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Over one-third of marine mammals and nearly one-third of sharks, shark relatives, and reef-forming corals are threatened with extinction, according to a new report released today on the state of global biodiversity.

The Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, written by an intergovernmental body of biological and ecological experts representing 50 countries, lays out the dire situation for species richness across the globe. The most comprehensive assessment on the state of nature since 2005, the report finds that between half a million and one million species are threatened with extinction globally, and extinction rates have accelerated sharply in the past century.

Humans rely on biodiversity for survival, but, unsurprisingly, human activities are the primary cause of these huge declines, particularly in the ocean where fishing is driving the greatest biodiversity loss. While the statistics outlined are alarming, there is good news. If we act quickly to eliminate unsustainable fishing practices, protect a greater portion of the ocean ( at least 30 percent, say many scientists), and adopt a new treaty to protect the high seas-the area of ocean outside national jurisdiction that covers nearly half the planet-we can stem the loss of marine biodiversity.

Fishing, land use change are the most significant threats to marine biodiversity

In the ocean, fishing has had the single greatest impact on biodiversity over the past 50 years. To sustain global fish catches, fishing fleets have had to venture out further and deeper, including into areas beyond national jurisdiction which are currently managed by a patchwork of regional and sectoral organizations that do not adequately conserve biodiversity. Overall one-third of fish stocks are overfished and another 60 percent are fished at their maximum sustainable levels.

Coastal land and sea use change has had the second largest impact on marine biodiversity. Development along coastlines as well as offshore aquaculture, bottom trawling, and oil and gas extraction have altered habitats, and toxic pollutants in agricultural and industrial runoff poison coastal fish harvests. Carbon dioxide emissions are making the ocean more acidic, making it harder for shellfish, corals, and types of plankton to survive. Because ocean and atmospheric circulation patterns are global, the impacts from ocean acidification are felt worldwide.

A third growing driver of marine biodiversity decline is climate change, which is expected to decrease ocean net primary production between 3 and 10 percent and fish biomass by 3 to 25 percent by the end of the century. As the oceans-which have absorbed 93 percent of excess heat from climate change since the 1970s-get warmer, fish populations are projected to migrate poleward. Despite increasing migration to cold waters, rapid sea ice loss and acidification are likely to prevent biodiversity increases in polar waters. In the tropics, more local species are likely to go extinct, and coral reefs are projected to undergo more extreme warming events with less recovery time in between, causing large bleaching episodes with high levels of mortality.

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Marine Biodiversity in Dangerous Decline, Finds New Report

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Over one-third of marine mammals and nearly one-third of sharks, shark relatives, and reef-forming corals are threatened with extinction, according to a new report released today on the state of global biodiversity.The Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services,...

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According to the IUCN Red List, the great white shark’s scientific name is Carcharodon carcharias and it’s conservative status is vulnerable.