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The two main ions that are contributing to the resting potential are sodium ions and potassium ions (Kolb et al., 2019). The protein molecules will stay within the molecules and stay negatively charged proteins (Kolb et al., 2019). While the sodium and potassium ions will move freely but gates on sodium channels to halt positively charged sodium ions (Kolb et al., 2019).

Kolb, B., Whishaw, I. Q., & Teskey, G. C. (2019). An introduction to brain and behavior. Worth Publishers/Macmillan Learning.

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Ions are electrically charged particles, resting potential is when the neuron is polarized and with these neurons polarized the ion channels are closed (Stufflebeam , 2006). The  Ion channels are protein based structures which allow membranes to flow in and out of a cell (Stufflebeam , 2006). When these channels are closed the sodium ions are able to pass through the sodium channels and the potassium channels to the outside.

Stufflebeam , R. (2006). Neurons, synapses, action potentials, and neurotransmission. https://mind.ilstu.edu/curriculum/neurons_intro/neurons_intro.html.

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Repolarization is when the potassium channels are open and in which they are charged inside (Stufflebeam , 2006). The potassium ions will then move through the open potassium channels to the outside of the cell (Stufflebeam , 2006). The outward movement of the potassium ions begins to return the membrane’s potential to normal, which will then cause the potassium channels to then close (Stufflebeam , 2006). This is known as the fall phase (Stufflebeam , 2006).

Stufflebeam , R. (2006). Neurons, synapses, action potentials, and neurotransmission. https://mind.ilstu.edu/curriculum/neurons_intro/neurons_intro.html.

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When a neuron is stimulated as a result of a neurotransmission, the membrane potential gains a positive charge which means it depolarizes (Stufflebeam , 2006). The neurotransmission is also known as the synaptic transmission, which is when communication between neurons is completed by the movement of chemicals or electrical signals across the synapses (Stufflebeam , 2006). If this depolarization reaches the neuron's threshold, more positive than negative, the action's potential by completely depolarizing the membrane (Stufflebeam , 2006). Complete depolarization is when sodium channels open and the sodium ions Rush and which briefly become more positive inside than outside (Stufflebeam , 2006).  This is when a spike to the action potential will force the sodium channels closed (Stufflebeam, 2006).

Stufflebeam , R. (2006). Neurons, synapses, action potentials, and neurotransmission. https://mind.ilstu.edu/curriculum/neurons_intro/neurons_intro.html.

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Action potential is a brief reversal in the of an polarity of axon membrane (Kolb et al., 2019). The voltage that occurs across the membranes suddenly reveres, which makes intracellular side positive relative to the extracellular side (Kolb et al., 2019). This causes an abrupt reverse again which will restore the resting potential (Kolb et al., 2019). Electrical potential, the stored energy and power that the cell has charged (Kolb et al., 2019).

Kolb, B., Whishaw, I. Q., & Teskey, G. C. (2019). An introduction to brain and behavior. Worth Publishers/Macmillan Learning.

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Soma is the cell body of the neuron (Green , 2015). This is the main control center and the life support of the cell (Green , 2015).

Dendrites are the branches of the neurons (Green , 2015). These branches pick up the messages that are being sent from the soma (Green , 2015).

Axons are the fiber stems that transmit electrical impulses away from the cell body to other cells (Green , 2015).

Axon terminals are the end piece of the neuron structure (Stufflebeam, 2006). The axon terminal is where the neurotransmitters are contained, which is a chemical medium that allows a signal flow from one neuron to the next chemical synapses (Stufflebeam, 2006).

Green , H. (2015, February 23). The nervous system, part 1: Crash course anatomy & physiology #8. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPix_X-9t7E

Stufflebeam , R. (2006). Neurons, synapses, action potentials, and neurotransmission. https://mind.ilstu.edu/curriculum/neurons_intro/neurons_intro.html.

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The central nervous system is structured by two twos of cells, the neurons and glias. The central nervous system is structured by two twos of cells, the neurons and glias. Neurons are cells that are a part of the nervous system that engage in the information processing (Kolb et al., 2019). There are 87 billion neurons in the human body that are interconnected to each other along with being connected to muscles and organs (Kolb et al., 2019).

Green , H. (2015, February 23). The nervous system, part 1: Crash course anatomy & physiology #8. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPix_X-9t7E

Kolb, B., Whishaw, I. Q., & Teskey, G. C. (2019). An introduction to brain and behavior. Worth Publishers/Macmillan Learning.

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Glial cells are there to support the neurons and there are about 86 billion cells (Kolb et al., 2019). The glial cells provide support, they are a nutritional source, insulation and they help the signals transmission in the nervous system (Green , 2015).

Green , H. (2015, February 23). The nervous system, part 1: Crash course anatomy & physiology #8. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPix_X-9t7E

Kolb, B., Whishaw, I. Q., & Teskey, G. C. (2019). An introduction to brain and behavior. Worth Publishers/Macmillan Learning.