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Columbidae (/kəˈlʌmbɪdiː/ kə-LUM-bih-dee) is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily feed on plants, and can be taxonomically divided amongst granivores, that feed mostly on the ground on seeds, and frugivores, that feed mostly on fruits, from branches. The family occurs worldwide, often in close proximity with humans, but the greatest variety is in the Indomalayan and Australasian realms.

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derived from wild rock pigeons

selectively bread due to its ability to find its way home over extremely long distances

this is due to magnetoreception

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Magnetoreception is a sense which allows an organism to detect the Earth's magnetic field. Animals with this sense include some arthropods, molluscs, and vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals). The sense is mainly used for orientation and navigation, but it may help some animals to form regional maps. Experiments on migratory birds provide evidence that they make use of a cryptochrome protein in the eye, relying on the quantum radical pair mechanism to perceive magnetic fields. This effect is extremely sensitive to weak magnetic fields, and readily disturbed by radio-frequency interference, unlike a conventional iron compass.

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1. how are pigeons generally perceived

2. is there s difference between pigeons and doves - not just colour

3. why are there so many pigeons on the street, on the ground, unlike any other bird

4. are they cllassed as vermin

5. were they once domesticated

6. what promted poeple to use them in the war as ,messenger pugeoms

7. why did they stop being used as messenger pigeons

8. what was te most significant message ever delivered

9. do they migrate

10. if so where to and why and when

11. are there different breeds

12. how do they differ

13. are there such thing as pigeon shows

14. what is the rarest type of pigeon

15. do poeple own them as pets

16. what is pigeon racing

17. where does it take place

18. when did it originate

19. who partakes in it

20. what is a pigeons life span

21. what is the oldest one ever recorded

22. could we bring back domestication of pigeons

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Mauritius’ pink pigeon faces extinction threat from inbreeding

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Another bird from the island of the dodo is in danger of becoming extinct, scientists have warned.

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Over 16 million animals served in the First World War. They were used for transport, communication and companionship. Horses, donkeys, mules and camels carried food, water, ammunition and medical supplies to men at the front, and dogs and pigeons carried messages.

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The Incredible Carrier Pigeons of the First World War

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From a pigeon which saved four lives, and 'Dreadnought' the pigeon, to an RAF pigeon who flew 82 miles in 22 minutes to deliver a message that helped with the rescue of two wrecked seaplane pilots, meet the incredible carrier pigeons of the First World War.

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The Nest Kitchen and Café - NOW OPEN

Discover an amazing world of birds and their Jurassic ancestors on your day out in the Cotswolds.

Birdland is set in nine acres of gardens and woodland, creating a picturesque canopy for the winding River Windrush. Meet over 500 birds from magical owls, large cassowary and rare species such as the Waldrapp Ibis. Spot flamingos, pelicans, cranes and waterfowl that live in our riverside habitats with many more inhabiting over 50 aviaries.

Meet England's only breeding group of King Penguins and the comical African Penguins.

Explore the Out of Africa area and meet hornbills, village weavers and many more amazing birds from across the continent.

Venture into the woodland and meet life-sized dinosaurs lurking between the trees in the Jurassic Journey area.

Head to the Pandemonium of Parrots area and be amazed by vibrant and colourful parrots from macaws to lorikeets in their new enclosures.

Plus, don't miss our newest addition to the Park, the Parliament of Owls. Among the birds on show in the new aviaries are snowy owls, burrowing owls, great grey owls, spectacled owls and Indian scops owls. Visitors can also meet Mackinder's eagle owls, Chaco owls and white-faced owls.

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Birdland Park & Gardens in Bourton-on-the-Water, Gloucestershire

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Home to over 500 birds including Flamingos, Pelicans, Penguins, Cranes and Storks, visitors can enjoy a fun day out at Birdland Park & Gardens with family and friends. With over 130 species of birds for nature lovers of all ages, Birdland Park & Gardens is bursting with family fun.

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imperial war museum

- how pigeons and messenger pigeons impacted the war and raf

natural history museum

- how birds evolved from dinosuars and looking at other species of birds - their differences/ similarities of pigeons and how this effects how we view them

different city centres

for example comparing the amount of pigeons and how they act and how people interact with them in Kingston vs central London or reading vs central London (touristy vs not tourist)

could feed the pigeons? - obviously research if this is safe and if so what food to give them

birdland

look at other alive birds and how they might act differently to pigeons

could ask bird experts about pigeons

they also have a few species of pigeons

pigeon race

would have to find out when and where they are

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The 128th Annual General Meeting of the Royal Pigeon Racing Association will be held at the Leonardo Hotel (East Midlands Airport), Castle Donington, Derby DE74 2SH on Friday 23rd February (9.00am). Members are entitled to attend the meeting, and will be welcome to do so. The agenda for the meeting, including proposed rule changes, and [...]

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The premier organisation for pigeon racing in the UK

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The 128th Annual General Meeting of the Royal Pigeon Racing Association will be held at the Leonardo Hotel (East Midlands Airport), Castle Donington, Derby DE74 2SH on Friday 23rd February (9.00am). Members are entitled to attend the meeting, and will be welcome to do so.

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pigeon fancier defenition - Google Search

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The proposed 2024 race programme is as follows:

Hot Spot One – Wetherby (77m 152y) – w/c 12th August 2024

Hot Spot Two – Richmond (113m 1257y) – w/c 19th August 2024

Hot Spot Three – Hexham (153m 1472y) – w/c 26th August 2024

Hot Spot Four – Otterburn (169m 1227y) – Friday 6th September 2024

Final Race – Cockenzie (231m 327y) – Sunday 22nd September 2024

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(probably) satirical carrier pigeon service 

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(probably) satirical carrier pigeon service 

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Danny's Pigeons - Send a message with a bird!

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Do you have a message that can only be sent via our flying friends? Well we may have just the solution for you! Our carrier pigeons are trained by the English and are the highest quality Egyptian Carrier Pigeons.

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pigeon card games that personifies pigeons

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FOR THE FIRST TIME EVER simulate the intricate social webs of Pigeon East London (East Pigeon London). Every game another pigeon day in the eternal struggle for the next pigeon day, in this satirical and true-to-life card game.

50 REAL PIGEONS, each vital to their community and cause, are fighting the ideological battle of their little bitty pigeon century. Ranked on essentialising categories from Audacity to Cunning to Punctuality in Trump Card style, the game of Pigeon skewers modern tropes and archetypes

SPECIAL PIGEONS CAN CHANGE THE GAME IN A CLUCK, So don't forget your reading glasses. They could determine the outcome of the intellectual struggle for the future of pigeon kind.

THE GAME OF PIGEON could be your "worst nightmare", or the "perfect present" for *that* friend. One or two Pigeons are somewhat foul-beaked with their language, and may not be suitable for little squabs!

FUN FOR GROUPS from 2-6, Pigeon speaks to anybody with an interest in card games, design, or anybody struck with an urban fascination for our most ubiquitous yet invisible bird.

FOLLOW THE RULES or CREATE YOUR OWN

ADD TWIGS to receive the building blocks for your very own nest, or ADD NEST to hit the ground running with a display case and habitat for your new feathered friends (this will increase delivery time!).

ADD WRAPPING for it to be wrapped in our exclusive TV Licence Warning Letter wrapping paper (pictured)

THE REVOLUTION DOESN'T END

Learn more about this item

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This Party Games item by WeAreJugglersMistake has 129 favorites from Etsy shoppers. Ships from United Kingdom. Listed on 19 Feb, 2024

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a commemoration of passenger pigeons by creating 25,000 folded origami pigeons, a community project.

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bill schorgers love for passenger pigeons 

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bill schorgers love for passenger pigeons 

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Bill) Schorger’s award-winning 1955 book, The Passenger Pigeon: Its Natural History and Extinction, has for 60 years been the go-to source of factual information on the bird.

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last pigeon died in 1914

a year later their goal is to commemorate passenger pigeons and warn about human driven extiction

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Mission Statement of Project Passenger Pigeon

2014 marks the centenary of the extinction of the Passenger Pigeon. Numbering in the billions in 1800, the last bird died on September 1, 1914; driven to extinction by human activity.

Project Passenger Pigeon is an international effort to commemorate this anniversary and use it not only as an opportunity to familiarize people with this remarkable species, but also to raise awareness of current issues related to human-caused extinction, explore connections between humans and the natural world, and inspire people to become more involved in building a sustainable relationship with other species.

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Project Passenger Pigeon - Mission Statement

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A unique and broad-based outreach effort to use the 2014 centenary of the passenger pigeon's human-caused extinction to promote the conservation of nature.

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pigeons being the 'underdog' of the bird world

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Homing pigeons - a type of domestic pigeon descended from the rock pigeon - are extremely effective messengers because of their innate homing abilities, enabling them to return to their nest from miles away.

It's not entirely clear how they do it - some think they use the sun; others believe it is magnetoreception (using the earth's magnetic field and magnetic particles in their upper beak to map their position) and some even think they navigate using their sense of smell - quite literally following their nose (or rather beak).

Using pigeons to deliver messages is no new thing. In fact, pigeons were used to announce the winners of the Olympic Games some 3,000 years ago!

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BBC Radio 4 - Radio 4 in Four - The pigeon: Britain's most misunderstood bird?

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How this feathered friend has helped us over the ages.

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chinas hope to build a pigeon army along side a dog army and a horse army

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Xinhua, Fan Changguo / AP

Though the world's attention has recently been focused on the unveiling of China's first ever stealth fighter jet, the Chinese military has been busy investing in another type of furtive flyer: the humble messenger pigeon. According to reports in state media, late last year, the Chengdu division of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) began training 10,000 pigeons as part of a push to build a "reserve pigeon army" that would provide support to the military's conventional communications infrastructure in the event that war rendered its plethora of modern technology unusable.

"These military pigeons will be primarily called upon to conduct special military missions between troops stationed at our land borders or ocean borders," air force military expert Chen Hong told China Central Television after the announcement. According to reports, the birds will be dispersed to communications bases across China's remote and mountainous southwestern region, particularly around the Himalayan foothills. The pigeons, flying at speeds of up to 75 miles (120 km) per hour, will be trained to carry loads of up to 3.5 oz. (100 g). (See the top 10 militant animals.)

The birds have a long history of service in China. Messenger pigeons have been used in the country for more than a thousand years, and pigeons have been earning their military stripes here since at least the late 1930s. In 1937 Lieutenant Claire Lee Chennault, a retired U.S. Air Force pilot, arrived in China to head up a group of U.S.-sponsored aviators known as the Flying Tigers, tasked with taking to the air to repel the Japanese invasion of the mainland. He brought with him hundreds of messenger pigeons to help with the war effort, and after the war, he left the birds behind. That group of pigeons would form the core of the PLA's first military pigeon brigade.

Today the pigeons serve alongside 10,000 dogs in PLA service, guarding military warehouses, assisting special police forces and supporting border troops. Two thousand new dogs are reportedly signed up each year. Horses, once an important part of the military operations, have fallen out of fashion, as the PLA cavalry has played an increasingly peripheral role. There are said to be fewer than 1,000 cavalry soldiers left in the PLA, and those who remain mostly take part in exhibitions or movie shoots. (See pictures of animals in space.)

The Chinese army is far from the only one to turn to these winged warriors in times of trouble. Hundreds of pigeons were dropped over Normandy during the D-Day landings to provide a communication channel back to Britain for soldiers who feared their radio messages would be intercepted by the Nazis. The first pigeon to make it back to London with the news that the invasion had been a success was awarded high military honors. Criminals, too, have found pigeons useful: in January, authorities in Colombia apprehended a pigeon that was being used by smugglers to deliver narcotics to their incarcerated compatriots. The over-burdened bird, with cocaine and marijuana strapped to its back, fell out of the sky before crossing the prison walls.

In China, the birds are also used for recreation. Pigeon racing — and pigeon breeding in general — has exploded in popularity among China's upwardly mobile middle class. In late January, at a pigeon auction in Belgium, an unnamed Chinese bidder broke the world record price for a single pigeon by paying $200,000 for a pedigree Belgian racing bird, considered the crème de la crème of the pigeon racing world.

See TIME's Pictures of the Week.

See the Cartoons of the Week.

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Breaking News, Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video, Tech Reviews - TIME.com

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Though the world's attention has been focused on the unveiling of China's first ever stealth fighter jet, the Chinese military has been busy investing in another type of furtive flyer: the humble messenger pigeon

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The assessment criteria I would most like to develop during fmp is investigation and experimentation. In particular, primary research and responding to research early on. I feel as though my subject matter - pigeons - will push me to use primary research as the most valuable and interesting insights I will probably get will be from interverviewing people. One of the thing I find most interesting about pigeons is the stark contrast between the average persons view of them - often vermin, roaming the streets and getting in the way, vs pigeon mega fans and  pigeon racing communities. It seems as if pigeons are like marmite, you either love them or hate them, and to get a in depth view about this I will undoubtedly have to talk to both sides to understand their point of view. I think this will also be good for my confidence as I don’t often talk to new people which will help me in the future for other projects and making valuable connections etc. The project I think links best to this is neighbourhood, going into a place and interviewing people, and recording observations. I don’t think I interviewed as much as I could’ve during neighbourhood which could’ve potentially developed my project further so I will take what I learned from that into my fmp. The other reassessment criteria I want to develop is experimentation and in particular responding to research early on. I think legs has helped me develop this skill but I wish to take what I have already learned from kegs into fmp. I want o constantly learn and experiment through making and I think this can be done alongside my primary research and interviewing people. I particularly enjoyed kerns drawing and writing interview technique during neighbourhood so I would like to utilise that in fmp I. Order to start responding to my findings earlier on.

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how and why my chosen subject area has evolved

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how and why my chosen subject area has evolved

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Before looking at pigeons I wanted to look at cats for my fmp. This is because I they are my favourite animal and often what I am most interested in drawing. However I then did the neighbourhood project about Sylvie the cat on mill street. Whilst that was mainly primary research didn’t I didn’t look into the history of cats I felt like doing cats for my fmp would be like redoing something I’ve already explored one avenue of which I didn’t want. Furthermore whilst some people like cats and some poeple don’t like them, opinion of them doesn’t vary too much, it is nowhere as extreme as pigeons. I decided I wanted to look at pigeons for my fmp when I was on the big day out on the thames path. We had stopped for lunch and there was a massive group of pigeons. We were talking about subject ideas for fmp and jokingly Leni says you should do it on pigeons. Having already decided I wanted to look at an animal for fmp, as I find animals very interesting again often what I want to draw the most, I started to think about pigeons as a subject and their complexity. I liked the fact that I had never even thought of this before, and completely overlooked pigeons as a topic because they are mostly overlooked in society anyway despite their rich history of being messenger pigeons and helping Darwin develop his theory of evolution. They are mostly overlooked in society and then there is a stark contrast with massive pigeon communities, pigeon racers, pigeon collectors and passenger pigeon activists to name a few. At first I only really thought of pigeons during the war but, doing further research I have found there are two types of people, people that don’t care about pigeons and people that love them and this is what I find most fascinating

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Pigeons. Urban Wildlife | Animal Science

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At the outbreak of World War 2 thousands of Britain's pigeon fanciers gave their pigeons to the war effort to act as message carriers. During the period of the war nearly a quarter of a million birds were used by the Army, the RAF and the Civil Defence Services including the Police, the Fire Service, Home Guard and even Bletchley Park. Pigeon racing was suspended and birds of prey along the coasts of Britain were culled so that British pigeons could arrive home unhindered by these predators. There were tight controls on the keeping of pigeons and even rationing for pigeon corn.

Homing pigeons were used not only in Western Europe by British forces but also by American, Canadian, and German forces in other parts of the world during the war - Italy, Greece, North Africa, India and the Middle and Far East. One pigeon, GI Joe, saved the lives of thousands of British troops who were preparing to take an Italian town after the US Air Force had bombarded the Germans. British forces found no resistance from the Germans and so entered the town unchallenged. Unfortunately the USAF were already en route to bomb the town and with radio contact broken GI Joe flew over a mile a minute (60 mph) back to his base. He arrived back just in time for the air raid to be called off before the USAF would have bombed our troops.

All RAF bombers and reconnaissance aircraft carried pigeons in special watertight baskets and containers and, if the aircraft had to ditch, the plane's co-ordinates were sent back with the pigeon to its RAF base and a search and rescue operation was effected. Thousands of servicemen's lives were saved by these heroic birds that flew often in extreme circumstances.

During World War II homing pigeons were seconded into the National Pigeon Service from Britain's fanciers, including from the Royal Lofts. In fact one pigeon from the Royal Lofts - Royal Blue - was the first pigeon to bring a message from a force-landed aircraft on the continent. On the 10th October 1940 this young bird was released in Holland. He flew 120 miles in 4 hours 10 minutes reporting the information regarding the situation of the crew. For this action Royal Blue later received the Dickin Medal (see below).

Pigeons carried their messages either in special message containers on their legs or small pouches looped over their backs.

Quite often pigeons were dropped by parachute in containers to Resistance workers in France, Belgium and Holland. This was often very precarious as it was a bumpy landing, and it was very dangerous for the Resistance workers if they were caught with a British pigeon.

Pigeon lofts were built at RAF and Army bases, and mobile lofts were also constructed so that they could move easily over land.

FURTHER RESOURCES

A great film - 'War of the Birds' by Atlantic Productions for Animal Planet (2005) - detailing the contribution made by pigeons to the war effort, can be seen here.

A comprehensive history of the National Pigeon Service is detailed here.

Jennifer Spangler's excellent blog on military intelligence and pigeons in war features scans of many relevant documents - most highly secret at the time - which tell the story of the contribution that carrier pigeons made to the war effort, the risks run by local inhabitants and agents to send back information, and the attempts made by the German forces to thwart the operations.

THE PDSA DICKIN MEDAL

The PDSA Dickin Medal is awarded to any animal displaying conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. Of the 53 Dickin Medals presented during World War II, 32 went to pigeons.

The founder of the PDSA - People's Dispensary for Sick Animals - Mrs Maria Dickin, instituted the award, popularly referred to as the 'Animal VC', which is made only upon official recommendation and is exclusive to the animal kingdom.

One of the most famous pigeons was called 'White Vision'. It received its Dickin Medal for "delivering a message under exceptionally difficult conditions and so contributing to the rescue of an aircrew while serving with the RAF in October 1943". This hardly tells the story! A Catalina flying boat had to ditch in the Hebrides at 0820 hrs one morning. Sea rescue operations were hindered by very bad weather and air search was impossible because of thick mist. At 1700 hrs that afternoon White Vision arrived at her loft with a message giving the position of the ditched aircraft and as a result the search was resumed, the aircraft sighted and rescue of the crew effected. White Vision had flown 60 miles over heavy seas against a headwind of 25 miles per hour with visibility only a hundred yards at the place of release and three hundred yards at the place of arrival.

There are British Pathé News clips on youtube of Dickin Medals being presented to Gustav and Paddy and to GI Joe, and here is a slideshow tribute to the 32 Flying Heroes.

PDSA DICKIN MEDAL PIGEON RECIPIENTS

DM2: Tyke (also known as George)
Pigeon MEPS.43.1263
Bred by Middle East Pigeon Service
Date of Award: 2 December 1943
"For delivering a message under exceptionally difficult conditions and so contributing to the rescue of an aircrew, while serving with the RAF in the Mediterranean in June 1943."

*Indicates the medal was awarded posthumously

Following Victory in Europe, the Secretary of State for War issued this letter to fanciers that had contributed to the war effort.

In 2013 then RPRA General Manager, Stewart Wardrop, took the Association's collection of memorabilia along to the Antiques Roadshow at Stowe House. Click on the image below to see the BBC website's article on the valuation, where there is also a link to watch a video clip from the programme.

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At the outbreak of World War 2 thousands of Britain's pigeon fanciers gave their pigeons to the war effort to act as message carriers. During the period of the war nearly a quarter of a million birds were used by the Army, the RAF and the Civil Defence Services including the Police, the Fire Service, Home Guard and even Bletchley Park.

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Homing pigeons were used by both the Axis and the Allies as vehicles for transporting messages back home in World War Two.No scholar is quite certain exactly how these pigeons, often called racing pigeons, are able to find their way back to their place of birth, but in a similar manner to how salmon spawn, pigeons always return to a certain spot.This has obvious wartime consequences, as both sides used the pigeons to relay information that the other side would not be able to intercept.

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Did any country use pigeons as messengers during World War II?

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Answer (1 of 2): Yes, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland used pigeons as messengers during WWII. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-17138990 It should be noted that the first animal to be awarded a medal for gallantry was a pigeon. So was the second, and...

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Homing pigeons have been used to carry messages since ancient times. The instincts which allow them to find their way home are not well understood. Magnetoreception (a sense which allows an organism to detect a magnetic field to perceive direction, altitude or location) may play a part in determining direction, as may a pigeon's ability to identify landmarks. Keen sight and a superior memory also appear to be factors, although pigeons cannot keep flying to their home base in the dark or in poor visibility such as fog.

Messenger pigeons have numerous advantages in wartime. They are easy to transport, eat very little and can travel quickly. They are not easily distracted from their task (as military dogs might be) and if captured, there is no evidence of their origin or destination. With an average speed of around 90 kilometers per hour over moderate distances, they are faster than a runner, a cyclist or a man on horseback.

First World War

Pigeons were carried and used successfully in aircraft and ships. However, they were most commonly used by the British Expeditionary Force to send messages from the front line trenches or advancing units. The Carrier Pigeon Service was managed by the Directorate of Army Signals.

Pigeons were kept in stationary or mobile lofts to which they would return with their messages. Stationary lofts were sometimes established in outbuildings, sheds or even the roofs of houses. In the field, wooden sheds were often specially constructed for this purpose. Mobile lofts (horse-drawn or motorised) were used wherever it was impossible to establish a stationary loft. Once the birds were accustomed to their mobile loft in a given position, the lofts could be moved forward or to the rear.

The pigeons were handled and trained according to a strict routine. For example, they were only fed once per day (half an hour before sunset) and were not fed for at least 24 hours after leaving the loft. Pigeons were not released less than half an hour before sunset, or before sunrise or in fog as this would reduce their ability to navigate.

Messages were sent in duplicate by two separate birds released at an interval of one minute. Male and female were not released together. If a message was extremely secret, it would be written in code as some birds were killed or captured by the enemy. Destination and origin addresses were always encoded.

In 1942, when the threat of invasion of Australia by the Japanese was feared to be imminent, communication was mainly by line and wireless. A meeting between civilian pigeon fanciers and senior army signal officers resulted in a trial of pigeons as an alternative means of communication. The trial was successful resulting in the creation of the Australian Corps of Signals Pigeon Service, staffed mostly by army members who had been pigeon fanciers in civilian life. After an Australia-wide appeal over 13,500 homing pigeons were donated to the service.

This service initially provided communication between the coastal defences of Australia but was later expanded to Voluntary Defence Corps posts, coast watching sites and aircraft spotting areas.

Pigeons were soon sent to jungle areas but as they were badly affected by the climate in New Guinea army breeding lofts were established to breed pigeons in the area in which they were to operate. Pigeon sections were located in many areas of New Guinea, including Tarakan, Laubuan, Morotai, Bougainville and New Britain.

Lofts were also attached to signals schools, infantry training schools and water transport schools so that personnel could learn how to care for pigeons.

The pigeons were fed maple peas, wheat, unpolished rice, canary seed, linseed, Milo, and hulled oats. They were frequently dusted in DDT (pesticide) to control feather lice which was common in tropical areas.

Flying conditions for pigeons in New Guinea were extremely difficult at times. Mountainous topography combined with tropical rain and mist exerted its toll on the pigeons. REgardless, messenger pigeons were still considered an efficient line of communication.

Successful missions

Blue Bar Cock Pigeon No 139 was awarded the Dickin Medal for gallantry as a result of a flight through a severe tropical storm near Madang, New Guinea, on 12 July 1945.

The pigeon was located with Detachment 55 Port Craft Company, Madang and carried a message from a foundering boat to Madang, flying 40 miles (64km) in 50 minutes. The message read: "To: Detachment 55 Australian Port Craft Company, MADANG. From: A.B. 1402. Date: 12.7.45. Engine Failed. Wash on to beach at WADAU owing very heavy seas. Send help immediately. Am rapidly filling with sand./ TOO: 0800 - Senders signature - HOLLAND Cpl./ TO Liberation 0805 - No. of copies 2./ TOR at Loft - 0855". As a result of the successful delivery of the message the boat,valuable stores, ammunition and equipment was salvaged. The bird had previously completed 23 operational flights over a total distance of 1,004 miles.

The pigeon was awarded the Dickin Medal in February 1947 with the citation reading: "During a heavy tropical storm this bird was released from Army boat 1402 which had foundered on Wadou Beach in the Huon Gulf. Homming [sic] 40 miles to Madang it brought a message which enabled a rescue ship to be sent in time to salvage the craft and its valuable cargo of stores and ammunition."

Captain Stuart McDonald and his company were also grateful to homing pigeons.

On 2 July 1945, Captain McDonald's company on Bougainville was ordered to Mivo River to establish a base and construct a dropping zone from which the battalion could operate.

On their first day, they struck an enemy force of about one hundred. D Company was unable to leave its position as the Japanese fired whenever the men tried to break free. Communication lines had been cut so the men could not contact battalion headquarters.

On day three D Company released their two pigeons with a message asking for fire in five hours. The pigeons got through with the message and the Japanese were shelled. For his action at the Mivo River from 2-5 July 1945, Captain McDonald was awarded the Military Cross.

Australian Corps of Signals Pigeon Service, 1944, Headquarters Australian Military Forces, Melbourne, 1944

Australian War Memorial PR03298, McDonald, Stuart (Major General), CBE, MC, ED

Australian War Memorial RELAWM30785, Blue Bar Cock Pigeon No 139

AWM25 425/62, [Intercommunication] Instructions on the use of carrier pigeons, 1914-1919

AWM54 425/15/4, Short history of the Australian Corps of Signal Pigeon Service, 1942-1945

Great Britain War Office, Carrier pigeons in war, HMSO, London, 1918

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Homing pigeons have been used to carry messages since ancient times. The instincts which allow them to find their way home are not well understood. Magnetoreception (a sense which allows an organism to detect a magnetic field to perceive direction, altitude or location) may play a part in determining direction, as may a pigeon's ability to identify landmarks.

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Homing pigeons have long played an important role in war. Due to their homing ability, speed and altitude, they were often used as military messengers. Carrier pigeons of the Racing Homer breed were used to carry messages in World War I and World War II, and 32 such pigeons were presented with the Dickin Medal.

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Coo blimey: Peace is world’s oldest pigeon ever at 24

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Retired racer Peace is believed to be the world’s oldest pigeon at 24 – that’s 147 years in bird time.

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Baby Pigeons Growing | Four Weeks Day by Day

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I LIKE pigeons. Their voices are soft and rhythmic. I have put up baskets for them in the front verandah and they live there quietly. They don't ask for food - probably because they are fed at the roundabout near my house by compassionate people who come from far to drop grains for them every day. I have a bird table of rice and fruit so they can feed there whenever they want.

The Mumbai Municipal Commissioner has made it the feature of his (hopefully brief) tenure that he will get rid of the pigeons from Mumbai. Those who go looking for something to hate and often pick on pigeons should know what they have done for us humans over the years.

The first airmail using pigeons was established in 1896 in New Zealand and was known as the Pigeon-Gram Service. Their speed averaged 77.6 mph, only 40% slower than a modern aircraft. Each pigeon carried 5 messages and special Pigeon-Gram stamps were sold for each message carried.

In the First World War, pigeons were used extensively for carrying messages. German marksmen were deployed to shoot the birds down. Pigeons were carried in tanks and released through tiny portholes in the side. Mine-sweeping boats carried pigeons so that in the event of an attack by a U-boat, a pigeon could be released with a message confirming the exact location of the sinking boat, often resulting in the crew being saved. Seaplanes carried pigeons to relay urgent information about enemy movements. In the Second World War, pigeons were used in active service in Europe, India and Burma.

The last pigeon messaging service in the world was in Odisha called Orissa Police Carrier Pigeon Service and it disbanded in 2006 after 60 years of active service and 800 birds. Carrier pigeons had provided daily communications between Orissa's 400 police stations across the state. They carried essential messages during two natural disasters: the massive cyclone in 1971 and the unprecedented floods in 1982. Their ability to fly in adverse weather conditions saved many human lives.

In the 5th century BC the first network of pigeon messengers is thought to have been established in Assyria and Persia by Cyrus the Great. In 2000 BC they were carrying messages to warring groups in Mesopotamia. In 53 B.C they carried Hannibal's dispatches. Julius Caesar used pigeons during the conquest of Gaul from 58 to 51 BC. Indian and Arab merchants used carrier pigeons when visiting China. At the first Olympic Games held in 776 BC, every athlete had a homing pigeon from his village. If he won his event, his would be the bird that carried the news home.

Between 63 BC - AD 21, the Greek geographer Strabo noted that pigeons flew between certain points along the Mediterranean coastline to carry messages of the arrival of fish shoals for waiting fishermen.

The news agency Reuters originally used pigeons to disseminate news in the 1840s. Paul Julius Reuter's pigeons only stopped when the telegram was invented. In 1870 they carried messages throughout France during the siege of Paris.

In 1915, at the start of the First Great War, two Pigeon Corps were established on the Western Front, consisting of 15 pigeon stations each with 4 birds and a handler. The Pigeon Corps was so successful that further birds were recruited, and the service expanded considerably. By the end of the war the Pigeon Corps consisted of 400 men and 22,000 pigeons in 150 mobile lofts. Messages would be put into a small canister and then attached to the pigeon's leg. The bird would be released and would return to its loft behind allied lines, sounding a bell to confirm that it had landed. Each airfield along the coast of England had its own loft so that pigeons could be dispatched with messages in the event of invasion. Bomber crews usually carried a pair of pigeons so that in the event that the plane was shot down, the birds could be released with details of the crash site.

These birds played a major role in the Intelligence Service in the First World War. They were sent to maintain contact with resistance movements across Europe. Fewer than 10% survived the shell fire, small arms fire, poison gas.

In 1940, 300 crates of pigeons were dropped into Enemy-occupied areas of Europe, each bird being packed into a box with food for 10 days. Instructions and a questionnaire were put in the box. If found by an ally, information about enemy movement could be put inside the container on the bird's leg and the bird released to fly back. 16,544 pigeons were parachuted into occupied Europe during the Second Great War. Only 1,842 returned.

Over 1,00,000 British pigeons lost their lives in military service. Red Cock flew back a torpedoed trawler carrying the grid reference of the sinking boat and saving the crew. In October 1918, 500 men of the 77th Infantry were trapped in Argonne, France with no food or ammunition and being bombarded by their own side. The major sent the pigeon Cher Ami with a message for rescue. The bird was shot through the breast by enemy fire and fell to the ground. She got back into the air and flew 25 miles back to Division Headquarters in 25 minutes. The men were saved. Cher Ami had delivered the message despite having been shot through the breast, blinded in one eye and with a leg hanging by only a tendon. The Dickin medal is awarded to any animal that has distinguished itself through an act of bravery in wartime. Of the 55 medals awarded to date, pigeons have been recognized 32 times- much less than they deserve because they saved the lives of lakhs of people. The American and Australian Services also used pigeons extensively and had their own pigeon units operating indifferent countries. So did Burma (Myanmar) and India.

Some years ago, the Indian army captured a pigeon carrying a message from the Pakistan army.

Pigeons were used for aerial photography. A miniature camera was mounted to the bird's breast via a canvass harness and the pigeon sent to areas of strategic importance to capture images. The films provided information about enemy troop movements and air bases. Information relating to exact positions of the V1 flying bomb site in Peenemunde in Germany was conveyed by pigeons - information that turned the tide of the war.

In 2004 an impressive memorial to commemorate all the animals and birds killed during wartime was erected in Hyde Park. Pigeons have been given pride of place in the sculpture with two pack mules in the foreground weighed down with munitions and cannon parts.

Pigeons more than any other animal have been man's best friend in times of crisis. They give of themselves for a just a handful of grain. You need to repay your debt every day.

Quality journalism takes a lot of time, money and hard work to produce and despite all the hardships we still do it. Our reporters and editors are working overtime in Kashmir and beyond to cover what you care about, break big stories, and expose injustices that can change lives. Today more people are reading Kashmir Observer than ever, but only a handful are paying while advertising revenues are falling fast.

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A Fascinating History Of The Carrier Pigeons

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In the First World War, pigeons were used extensively for carrying messages. I LIKE pigeons. Their voices are soft and

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Dispatching of a message by carrier pigeon within the Swiss Army during World War I

Homing pigeons have long played an important role in war. Due to their homing ability, speed, and altitude, they were often used as military messengers. Carrier pigeons of the Racing Homer breed were used to carry messages in World War I and World War II, and 32 such pigeons were presented with the Dickin Medal. Medals such as the Croix de Guerre, awarded to Cher Ami, and the Dickin Medal awarded to the pigeons G.I. Joe and Paddy, amongst 32 others, have been awarded to pigeons for their services in saving human lives.

During World War I and World War II, carrier pigeons were used to transport messages back to their home coop behind the lines. When they landed, wires in the coop would sound a bell or buzzer and a soldier of the Signal Corps would know a message had arrived. The soldier would go to the coop, remove the message from the canister, and send it to its destination by telegraph, field phone, or personal messenger.

A carrier pigeon's job was dangerous. Nearby, enemy soldiers often tried to shoot down pigeons, knowing that released birds were carrying important messages. Some of these pigeons became quite famous amongst the infantrymen for whom they worked. One pigeon, named "Spike", flew 52 missions without receiving a single wound. Another, named Cher Ami, lost his foot and one eye, but his message got through, saving a large group of surrounded American infantrymen.

Before the advent of radio, carrier pigeons were frequently used on the battlefield as a means for a mobile force to communicate with a stationary headquarters. In the sixth century BC, Cyrus, king of Persia, used carrier pigeons to communicate with various parts of his empire. In Ancient Rome, Julius Caesar used pigeons to send messages to the territory of Gaul.

During the 19th-century (1870-71) Franco-Prussian War, besieged Parisians used carrier pigeons to transmit messages outside the city; in response, the besieging Prussian Army employed hawks to hunt the pigeons. The French military used balloons to transport homing pigeons past enemy lines. Microfilm images containing hundreds of messages allowed letters to be carried into Paris by pigeon from as far away as London. More than one million different messages traveled this way during the four-month siege. They were then discovered to be very useful, and carrier pigeons were well considered in military theory leading up to World War I.

British WWI poster regarding the killing of war pigeons being an offence under Regulation 21A of the Defence of the Realm Act

Homing pigeons were used extensively during World War I. In 1914, during the First Battle of the Marne, the French army advanced 72 pigeon lofts with the troops. The US Army Signal Corps used 600 pigeons in France alone.

One of their homing pigeons, a Blue Check cock named Cher Ami, was awarded the French " Croix de Guerre with Palm" for heroic service delivering 12 important messages during the Battle of Verdun. On his final mission in October 1918, he delivered a message despite having been shot through the breast or wing. The crucial message, found in the capsule hanging from a ligament of his shattered leg, saved 194 US soldiers of the 77th Infantry Division's " Lost Battalion".

German unmanned camera pigeon (probably aerial reconnaissance in World War I)

United States Navy aviators maintained 12 pigeon stations in France, with a total inventory of 1,508 pigeons when the war ended. Pigeons were carried in airplanes to rapidly return messages to these stations, and 829 birds flew in 10,995 wartime aircraft patrols. Airmen of the 230 patrols with messages entrusted to pigeons threw the message-carrying pigeon either up or down, depending on the type of aircraft, to keep the pigeon out of the propeller and away from airflow toward the aircraft wings and struts. Eleven of the thrown pigeons went missing in action, but the remaining 219 messages were delivered successfully.

Leg canister for a war pigeon, U.S. Army Signal Corps, World War I. 1.0 x 2.9 cm, 1.7 gm

Pigeons were considered an essential element of naval aviation communication when the first United States aircraft carrier USS Langley was commissioned on 20 March 1922, so the ship included a pigeon house on the stern. The pigeons were trained at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard while Langley was undergoing conversion. As long as the pigeons were released a few at a time for exercise, they returned to the ship; but when the whole flock was released while Langley was anchored off Tangier Island, the pigeons flew south and roosted in the cranes of the Norfolk shipyard. The pigeons never went to sea again.

During World War II, the United Kingdom used about 250,000 homing pigeons for many purposes, including communicating with those behind enemy lines such as Belgian spy Jozef Raskin. The Dickin Medal, the highest possible decoration for valor given to animals, was awarded to 32 pigeons, including the United States Army Pigeon Service's G.I. Joe and the Irish pigeon Paddy.

The UK maintained the Air Ministry Pigeon Section during World War II and for a while thereafter. A Pigeon Policy Committee made decisions about the uses of pigeons in military contexts. The head of the section, Lea Rayner, reported in 1945 that pigeons could be trained to deliver small explosives or bioweapons to precise targets. The ideas were not taken up by the committee, and in 1948 the UK military stated that pigeons were of no further use. During the war, messenger pigeons could draw a special allowance of corn and seed, but as soon as the war ended this had been cancelled and anyone keeping pigeons would have to draw on their own personal rationed corn and seed to also feed the pigeons. However, the UK security service MI5 was still concerned about the use of pigeons by enemy forces. Until 1950, they arranged for 100 birds to be maintained by a civilian pigeon fancier in order to prepare for any eventuality. The Swiss army disbanded its Pigeon section in 1996.

In 2010, Indian police expressed suspicion that a recently captured pigeon from Pakistan might have been carrying a message from Pakistan. In 2015, a pigeon from Pakistan was logged into Indian records as a "suspected spy". In May 2020, another suspected Pakistani spy pigeon was captured by Indian security forces in Jammu and Kashmir. After finding nothing suspicious, India authorities released the pigeon back into Pakistan.

In 2016, a Jordanian border official said at a news conference that Islamic State militants were using homing pigeons to deliver messages to operatives outside its "so called caliphate".

In total, 32 pigeons were decorated with the Dickin Medal including:

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Homing pigeons have long played an important role in war. Due to their homing ability, speed, and altitude, they were often used as military messengers. Carrier pigeons of the Racing Homer breed were used to carry messages in World War I and World War II, and 32 such pigeons were presented with the Dickin Medal.

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Monument au Pigeon-Soldat - Inventaire du patrimoine architectural

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sculpture et monument commémoratif, Victor VOETS sculpteur , G. HANO architecte

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Item details

Overview

Pigeongrams, or 'flimsies' as they were called, were used by the Great Barrier and Marotiri Island pigeon post service around the turn of the nineteenth century. This example was printed for a special function at which the Earl of Ranfurly was present to raise funds for a War Veteran's Home. Prior to this message, only one copy is recorded with this cancellation, and that is in the usual purple ink, unlike the black used here.

Isolation
Before the pigeon post service was established, the only regular connection between the community on Great Barrier Island (90 kilometres northeast of Auckland) and the mainland was provided by a weekly coastal steamer. The island's isolation was highlighted when the ship Wairarapa was wrecked off its coast in 1894, with the loss of 121 lives, and the news took several days to reach the mainland.

Pigeon postal service
The pigeon post service began between the island and Auckland in 1897. Soon there were two rival pigeongram companies, both of which issued distinctive and attractive stamps. These were effectively the world's earliest airmail stamps, pre-dating the first recorded aeroplane flight by several years.

Initially, the service operated only from Great Barrier Island to Auckland, the reverse route being considered uneconomic. On the island, pigeongram agencies were established at Port Fitzroy, Okupu, and Whangaparara. Birds were sent over to the island on the weekly steamer and flew back to Auckland with up to five messages per bird written on tissue paper and attached to their legs.

Rare stamps
The stamps were eagerly collected for their novely value, and some have become extremely rare. Te Papa has an extensive collection of stamps and ephemera documenting the history of Great Barrier Island's pigeongram service, which ended when the first telegraph cable was laid between the island and the mainland in 1908.

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Great Barrier Island Pigeongram Agency:Mail Form 9

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Pigeongrams, or 'flimsies' as they were called, were used by the Great Barrier and Marotiri Island pigeon post service around the turn of the nineteenth century. This example was printed for a special function at which the Earl of Ranfurly was present to raise funds for a War Veteran's Home.

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The woodpigeon is the UKs largest and most common pigeon, grey in colour with a white band on the adult neck (not seen in juveniles) and white wing bands that appear with the first feathers.

The breeding period for wood pigeons in the UK is from March to October but the peak months for fledging are July, August and September when the grain ripens. 70% of the year's fledgelings will leave the nest during August and September.

A mated pair of wood pigeons usually build what can be a badly constructed platform of twigs in a tree for the nest, but if they use the same nest time after time it will build up into a more solid structure.

Wood pigeons are often seen "prospecting" for suitable nesting sites in gardens early summer.

Their nests are often accidentally destroyed during the breeding season even though disturbing the nest of any bird, albeit accidentally, is a crime under the Wildlife and Countryside Act. This is why all tree lopping and hedge trimming should be confined to the months of November through to March.

Sometimes, before the eggs are laid , the male and female birds may take turns sitting on an empty nest for about a week.

When the eggs come they are laid over a period of two days.

Both parents share incubation duties and later the feeding of their young. The female sits on the eggs during the night and for the early part of the day. The male relieves her at around 10 am and she returns to the nest at about 4 pm., although in the wild during the peak breeding period this changeover can take place closer to 5 pm.

Sometimes food is hard to find and this causes one of the pair to delay the time of the changeover, this in turn leads the parent that is sitting on the eggs to go in search of food leaving the eggs unbrooded.

The eggs hatch roughly 17 days after being laid. (Photo of baby wood pigeon hatching courtesy of Sarah Fletcher)

The parents will usually carry the empty egg shells away from the nest.

Baby wood pigeons feed by putting their beaks inside the parents' beak and gaping...the parent regurgitates the crop contents into the baby's beak. This involves a lot of squeaking and wing twitching from the squab being fed and can look as if the adult pigeon is fighting with it or hurting it.

Baby wood pigeons are fed 92% "crop milk" ( this is nothing like dairy milk, it consists of high protein "milk" cells that develop on the crop wall and are shed into the crop when feeding is due ) for the first three days of their life.

After three days percentage of crop milk is gradually decreased ( to 49% by days 7-9, 33% on days 10 to 14 and thereafter around 20%. ) The crop milk is mixed with whatever their parents eat with ripe cereal grain, fed from the parent's crop, being the most common and the most nutritious. As baby pigeons need protein to develop feathers their food will also contain some animal matter at this stage: earth worms and their cocoons, snails (limax and succinga) and occasional insects

A baby wood pigeon's eyes open on the third or fourth day of life .

Wing quills appear on the fourth or fifth day of life.

Once a baby wood pigeon is partly feathered it is able to inflate its crop with air and lunge at intruders with raised feathers and wings while expelling the air from the crop to make a hissing noise and snapping its beak.

The young are fed frequently initially but the frequency is gradually reduced. At 8-10 days they are being fed twice a day by each parent . By this time the parents will also stop brooding them, returning to the nest only to feed them at roughly the times that they did the nest changing routine.

The white wing bars appear with the first feathers but the neck band does not appear until they are mature.

Feathers break from their sheaths around the ninth day of life.

Youngsters have a soft, grey, spatulate bill.

At 16 days of life a nestling wood pigeon weighs between 230 gms for those reaching the 16 day stage in June and July, but on average 288 grams for those reaching the same age in August and September when the availability of food (ripe grain) is increased.

The young leave the nest at about 22 days of life, but their parents continue to feed them for at least another week, probably two or longer.

After leaving the nest juvenile wood pigeons that have been bred in woods will tend to congregate in small group near the woods and feed as close to the woods as they can.

Juveniles have their first moult at around 6 weeks.

The average weight of an adult wood pigeon is 500 gms, varying between 465 and 560.

The female wood pigeon weighs slightly less than the male.

The male wood pigeon has brighter plumage than the female.

Wood pigeons store their food in their crop , from where it is progresses gradually through the digestive system. They have a varied diet with their food choice varying according to seasonal availability. In captivity the enjoy sunflower hearts, pea shoots, lettuce, rocket , chard and water cress, peanuts, mixed corn and pigeon mixes.

In the wild their foods include pea and bean shoots and leaves, clovers, the leaves of speedwell, plantains, ribwort, dandelion, filed madder, chickweed and knotweed, tree flowers and leaf buds from ash, hazel, beech, willow, oak, elm, hawthorn and elderberry, fragments of harvested sugar beet, turnip and potato, the berries of the ivy (hedera Helix), elderberry, buckthorn, hawthorn, rosehip, blackberry, dogwood , blackthorn. They also eat wild oat, cultivated cereals, common vetch, wild pansy, grass seeds, beechnuts, acorns and hazelnuts.

During the breeding season wood pigeons are territorial but in winter they are gregarious, feeding in a flock that clusters together and moves around the field as a unit, and roosting in compact flocks at night.

In the UK wood pigeons are classified as pests but they are not a game bird ...they can only be killed under the conditions of the General Licence drawn up and in theory enforced by Natural England .

Life expectancy : In the sixties a number of wood pigeon nestlings in East Anglia were ringed to establish their longevity. Most were recovered after being shot within 38 months of life , the oldest recovered pigeon was in his 14th year of life when shot, the second oldest in his eleventh year. This is well below their potential life expectancy in captivity and in protected conditions. These days many wood pigeons die shortly after fledging when they are mowed down by drivers.

If you rescue and release a wood pigeon of any age try to make the release as far as possible from land in which they are likely to be shot.

(Source: Much of the information on the wood pigeon comes from the book "The Wood Pigeon" by R K Murton)

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The woodpigeon is the UKs largest and most common pigeon, grey in colour with a white band on the adult neck (not seen in juveniles) and white wing bands that appear with the first feathers. The breeding period for wood pigeons in the UK is from March to October but the peak months for fledging are July, August and September when the grain ripens.

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Understanding the stages of development of baby pigeons is crucial for monitoring their progress and overall health. Referred to as squabs, these adorable creatures enter the world bald, blind, and completely pink. Dependent on their parents for care and feeding, baby pigeons gradually undergo an incredible transformation. As they grow, they develop feathers and unique color patterns that distinguish them. At a certain point, their eyes open, offering them the chance to explore their surroundings. Finally, in the journey to adulthood, they acquire fully-grown feathers, distinctive colors, and flight skills. Adult pigeons possess fully-developed feathers and one-of-a-kind color patterns that aid in their identification. Becoming familiar with the stages of development of baby pigeons is not only fascinating but also crucial for keeping track of their progress and ensuring their well-being.

Stages of development of baby pigeons

Bald, blind, and pink

Baby pigeons, also known as squabs, begin their lives in a rather fragile state. At birth, they are completely bald, blind, and have a soft pink skin. Without feathers, they rely heavily on their parents for warmth and protection. Their defense mechanisms are limited, making them particularly vulnerable during this stage of development. However, with the proper care and attention, they soon start their journey towards independence.

Dependence on parents

During the early stages of their development, baby pigeons are entirely dependent on their parents for their survival. The adult pigeons take on the role of caretakers, providing food, warmth, and protection to their young ones. They regurgitate a special milk-like substance called "pigeon milk" to feed their squabs. This nutritious secretion is especially crucial for the rapid growth and development of the chicks. The parents tirelessly attend to their nest, ensuring that their offspring have the best chance to thrive.

Development of feathers and color patterns

As the baby pigeons mature, one of the most significant changes that occur is the growth of feathers. Feathers emerge gradually, covering the once bald squabs in a protective layer. This development is essential for insulation, allowing the pigeons to regulate their body temperature and stay warm. Alongside feather growth, the baby pigeons also start to develop unique color patterns. These patterns are often distinct to their specific species and aid in their identification as they grow older.

Opening of eyes and exploration

Another important milestone in the development of baby pigeons is the opening of their eyes. Initially blind, the squabs gradually gain their vision, enabling them to explore their surroundings. This newfound ability propels them towards a greater understanding of the world around them. With their eyes open, they can witness the nurturing efforts of their parents, observe other pigeons, and become familiar with their environment. This visual exploration marks an exciting phase in their development, expanding their horizons.

Acquiring fully-grown feathers, colors, and flight skills

As baby pigeons mature, they undergo a remarkable transformation. They acquire fully-grown feathers, fulfilling their potential for flight. These feathers provide both aerodynamic capabilities and protection from the elements. Additionally, the color patterns on their wings, back, and neck become more prominent and distinct. These distinct color schemes are crucial for identification purposes among pigeons of the same species. The acquisition of fully-grown feathers, along with flight skills and unique colors, signifies the successful transition from adolescence to adulthood.

Importance of understanding baby pigeon development

Tracking progress

Understanding the stages of development of baby pigeons is essential for tracking their progress. By closely monitoring their growth, caretakers can ensure that the squabs are meeting crucial milestones and blossoming into healthy pigeons. This knowledge allows for identification of any potential issues or concerns that may arise during this critical period. By tracking their development, caretakers can intervene promptly if necessary and take appropriate actions to promote their well-being.

Monitoring health

In addition to tracking progress, understanding baby pigeon development is vital for monitoring their overall health. Baby pigeons, like any other living creature, are susceptible to various health issues and challenges. By familiarizing themselves with the stages of development, caretakers can better recognize potential health concerns and intervene promptly. Regular observations and examinations assess the pigeons' growth, weight, behavior, and overall vitality. This proactive approach helps ensure the early detection and treatment of any health issues, improving the chances of a healthy and thriving pigeon.

Characteristics of adult pigeons

Fully-grown feathers

Adult pigeons boast fully-grown feathers that enable them to navigate the skies with ease. These feathers are not only functional but also aesthetically appealing. They provide the pigeons with the necessary insulation and aerodynamic properties required for flight. The feathers are well-developed and arranged into intricate patterns, contributing to the beauty and grace associated with these birds. Their feathers are typically iridescent, showcasing an array of colors that captivate the observer's gaze.

Unique color patterns

One of the most remarkable characteristics of adult pigeons is their unique color patterns. These patterns are specific to each species, allowing for easy identification among the pigeon population. Some pigeons have vibrant displays of colors, while others exhibit more subdued hues. These color patterns typically include variations on the plumage, ranging from solid colors to intricate patterns and subtle gradients. The individuality of these color patterns makes each pigeon distinct, highlighting the beauty and diversity within the species.

Identification purposes

Understanding the characteristics and color patterns of adult pigeons is crucial for identification purposes. Researchers, bird enthusiasts, and caretakers can identify and classify pigeons based on their unique coloration and patterns. This knowledge helps in distinguishing different species, monitoring populations, and studying their behaviors. Additionally, accurate identification plays a key role in conservation efforts, as it enables the tracking of specific pigeon populations and the monitoring of their well-being and survival.

In conclusion, the stages of development of baby pigeons are fascinating and critical to understanding their growth and well-being. From their initial state as bald, blind, and pink squabs, these young pigeons undergo remarkable transformations. By tracking their progress and monitoring their health, caretakers can ensure that they are thriving and reaching their full potential. As baby pigeons grow, they acquire fully-grown feathers, unique color patterns, and flight skills, becoming magnificent adult birds. The fully-grown feathers and distinct color patterns of adult pigeons not only contribute to their beauty but also aid in identification. Understanding these characteristics is instrumental in tracking pigeon populations, studying their behaviors, and promoting conservation efforts.

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Understanding the stages of development of baby pigeons is important for tracking their progress and health | Nature Blog Network

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Understanding the stages of development of baby pigeons is crucial for monitoring their progress and overall health. Referred to as squabs, these adorable creatures enter...

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Read more about Pigeons from The New Yorker

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Erik Winkowski treats video like collage, cutting up, drawing over, and remixing scenes from everyday life in playful, unexpected ways. His pioneering animation techniques lend his videos the spontaneity and vitality of painting-this experimental spirit can be seen in his collaborations with Prada, Gucci, Hermès, and The New York Times.

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American video artist Erik Winkowski treats video like collage, cutting up, drawing over, and remixing scenes from everyday life in playful, unexpected ways. His innovative animation techniques lend his videos the spontaneity and vitality of painting-this experimental spirit can be seen in his colla

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China's Millionaire Pigeon Racers (Full Length)

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Please click here if you are not redirected within a few seconds.

PG-13 · 1963 ‧ Horror/Mystery ‧ 1h 59m

Melanie Daniels (Tippi Hedren) meets Mitch Brenner (Rod Taylor) in a San Francisco pet store and decides to follow him home. She brings with her the gift of two love birds and they strike up a romance. One day birds start attacking children at...

May 13, 2013 · No copyright infringement intended. I do not own or claim to own the footage shown in this video ...
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Mar 3, 2022 · Tippi Hedren, Rod Taylor, Veronica Cartwright To support the channel, please visit the Etsy store ...
Duration: 22:56
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Directed by Alfred Hitchcock

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ddlj bollywood movie

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If like the rest of India, you grew up watching Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge, then you've probably seen the new trailer commemorating the 1000 week-anniversary of the film. has been playing at Mumbai's Maratha Mandir cinema hall since its release on 20 October, 1995, making it the longest-running movie in India. Besides being a modern-day fable of love, DDLJ also transported its viewers to new places through the lead pair Raj and Simran's month-long holiday in Europe. The film opens in London, introducing us to the lives of non-resident Indians. The romance between Raj and Simran blossoms during the European road trip, most of which unfolds in Switzerland's pastoral meadows, snowy Alps and quaint villages. The film also sparked off India's love affair with the Swiss Alps-with numerous Bollywood-themed and Yash Chopra tours being introduced in Switzerland in the last decade. There's now even a Chopra Lake in Alpenrausch and a Chopra train run by Jungfrau Railways, both named after the film's director Yash Chopra. Relive the film's most iconic moments as we take you through some of its picture-postcard locations.

Trafalgar Square, London
The film's famous opening scene was shot in Trafalgar Square in the heart of London. Actor Amrish Puri, playing a first-generation Indian immigrant Baldev Singh, feeds pigeons-a popular local pastime at the time-and reminisces about the sunny mustard fields of Punjab. One of London's most vibrant public spaces, Trafalgar Square is one of the city's most important tourist sites. To avoid the throngs of tourist normally lounging at the square, the scene was shot early in the morning amidst a light drizzle. Interestingly, visitors are now banned from feeding pigeons in the square since the large size of the flock was considered to be a health hazard. As the scene segues into the song "Ghar Aaja Pardesi", the film also presents a snapshot of other London landmarks such as the Big Ben, the Tower of London and Buckingham Palace.

Southall, London
The setting for Simran's home and her father's convenience store, this suburban neighbourhood is home to a sizeable Indian community in London. The ambience is as Indian as it can get, with Indian restaurants, pubs, shops and even a cinema hall called Himalaya Palace screening Bollywood films. The external scenes were filmed here, while the internal scenes of their home were shot in Film City, Mumbai. Later films like Bend It Like Beckham, Jhoom Barabar Jhom and Patiala House were also shot in Southall.

King's Cross railway station, London
One of the city's major railway stations, this is where Rahul and Simran catch the Eurostar train from London to Europe. The famous scene where Rahul catches Simran's hand to pull her into the train, just as she's about miss it, was shot on one of the platforms here. The two return to the same station after their Europe tour and part ways.

St. Mauritius Church, Saanen, Switzerland
A significant part of the romance between Rahul and Simran unfolds in the picturesque villages dotting the Gstaad-Saanenland region in Switzerland. The narrow steeple of the St. Mauritius Church in Saanen features in the famous scene where Rahul and Simran pray together. The church was originally built in the 13th century and expanded in the 15th century. The interior of the church was shot at the St. Grat Church church in the village of Montbovon.

Interestingly, the trychel, a cow bell worn by cattle while grazing in Switzerland, plays a significant role in the film. It is a parting souvenir from Raj to Simran after their European tour. Later, Simran leaves it behind at her London house before departing for India, as a message for Raj.

Zweisimmen, Switzerland
Raj and Simran miss their train at this tiny train station of Zweisimmen near Gstaad, and enquire about the next train to Zurich. This twist of fate leads them to take a road trip together. The scene where Simran runs to catch the train was actually shot in a parking lot near the station. In reality, Zweisimmen is the starting point on of a major rail line that travels to Montrux along Lake Geneva.

Gstaad, Switzerland
Part of the song "Zara Sa Jhoom Loon Main" was shot in the main promenade of Gstaad, a tiny-yet-charming village in western Switzerland. A drunk Simran enters the chocolate shop Early Beck (situated on the Promenade) and runs outside, leaving Raj to pay the bill. Towards the end of the song, Raj and Simran return to a hotel in a horse carriage along the Gstaad Promenade, an entirely car-free street lined with boutiques, international stores and local shops. A popular winter sports destination and celebrity getaway, Gstaad is surrounded by typically Alpine wooden chalets and home to numerous gourmet restaurants.

Jungfraujoch, Switzerland
At 3454 m, Jungfraujoch is the highest train station and point in Europe, famous for its icy glaciers and breathtaking views of the Swiss Alps. In the film, it's also the setting for the song "Zara Sa Jhoom Loon Main", when a drunk Simran dances in the snow in wild abandon. Today, Jungraujoch is so popular with Indian tourists that you can find snapshots of Hindi film stars and Indian food easily.

Lake Lungeren, Switzerland
This small and scenic emerald green lake in central Switzerland briefly features in the romantic ballad "Tujhe Dekha To", where Raj and Simran are shown fishing on the banks and catching a shoe.

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8 beautiful locations that'll refresh your memory of dilwale dulhania le jayenge

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8 beautiful locations that'll refresh your memory of Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge

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If like the rest of India, you grew up watching Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge, then you've probably seen the new trailer commemorating the 1000 week-anniversary of the film. The film has been playing at Mumbai's Maratha Mandir cinema hall since its release on 20 October, 1995, making it the longest-running movie in India.

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More from the author

Biography

Luke Taylor is not your typical biologist. He is also an economist, futurologist, author, skeptic and autodidact.

At a young age he realised that there was no point wasting years inside libraries in the name of 'academia' reading about animals when this time can be spent observing them in their habitats every day. He isn't weighed down by preconceptions and 'scientific' theories. When he observes animals he just describes the objective truth and this enables him to document in the purest of manners. He doesn't need to fly to far away countries to look at exotic creatures in order to get the general public excited about nature. He sees the truth and beauty in simple things and was the first person to recognise and acknowledge that nature surrounds humanity in all directions and in every dimension.

Taylor's modesty is unparalleled; he just lets nature do the talking and doesn't make his 'personality' take centre stage. He is the antidote to the David Attenboroughs and Charles Darwins of this world. A triumph of substance over style, he represents an Alfred Russell Wallace for our times.

Luke Taylor is also a keen carol singer and embroiderer.

Other selected works

Cats on catnip: the illustrated guide

Duck dichotomy: the secret antics of mallards

A modest proposal for the reduction of penguin numbers in Regent's Park

Coming soon - August 2015
A treatise on miniature penguins: do these little berks serve a purpose?

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An in depth academic study of pigeon-kind in London.

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Dove vs pigeon - what’s the difference between these two cooing birds?

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What’s the difference between pigeons and doves? Are doves and pigeons the same thing? Tom Hibbert from The Wildlife Trusts takes a look

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Apulian Red-Figure Lekythos with Dove, Ancient Greek Pottery

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Miniature red-figure Greek Apulian Lekythos pottery circa 350 BC . Ray patterns on the neck, palmette on the side and a red-figured dove on the other.

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Figurine of a Dove from Daphni in the National Archaeological Museum in Athens, May 2014

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The worlds largest non-commercial photo, video and blog sharing community - financed only by membership dues, without any intention of making a profit.

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In 1937, Pablo Picasso painted arguably the most famous painting of his lifetime, titled . The massive work is a chaotic and abstract composition responding to the bombing of the Basque town of Guernica by the Nazis during the Spanish Civil War. This work is emotionally intense even to viewers today, and was largely hailed as a proponent of anti-war and anti-fascism sentiment.

Some years later in 1949, after the end of World War II, Picasso was invited to create an image representing peace. He modeled his very first "Dove of Peace" after a naturalistic drawing of a pigeon given to him by Henri Matisse. He later would evolve that design into the simple line drawing that is more recognizable today. This "Dove of Peace" would be chosen to represent the first International Peace Conference in Paris in 1949.

Picasso's Peace Dove would be something the artist would revisit again and again. The image of the dove in mid-flight has become a symbol synonymous with world peace. Today, Picasso's is still associated as the emblem for the World Peace Council. The dove influenced the artist so much he named his daughter La Colombe (Dove) Paloma, the Spanish word for dove.

Picasso would create many variations of his original dove design, some more naturalistic, others more abstracted. Colombe Volant (Flying Dove), 1952 for example, is much closer to the original illustration based on Matisse's pigeon, with its detailed and shaded feathering. This attention to naturalism breathes life into the work and creates the illusion of effortless flight. On the other end of the spectrum are works like Colombe au soleil (Dove with Sun), 1962 , which features a simple outline of the form of a dove. Both works display the birds in mid-flight with spread wings, giving a sense of freedom and motion.

The white dove as a symbol in art is still associated with peace, something that many people do not realize stems from Picasso himself. His choice of a dove, a beautiful yet unassuming bird, to represent something as hopeful and momentous as world peace was a thoughtful one, as the animal brings to mind ideas of freedom and endless possibilities.

Also see:
Pablo Picasso, La colombe bleue (Blue Dove), 1961 Pablo Picasso, Dove Subject, 1959 A.R. 435
Enjoy our fine art collection of Pablo Picasso Birds.

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How did the dove become a symbol of world peace?

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Picasso's image of a dove, first produced in 1949, became one of the best-known icons of international peace when it was adopted as the symbol for the First World Peace Congress organized by the Communist Party. Ironically, the original lithograph represented a pigeon, not a dove. Nor was it intended to symbolize peace. However, when shown Picasso's lithograph, Louis Aragon (1897-1982), an influential member of the French Communist Party, instantly adopted this 'dove' as a symbol for the peace movement.

The image adorned posters promoting the Congress and was widely reproduced throughout the world. Picasso, it seems, was more than happy for his pigeon to become a dove. The detailed, realistic nature of the work served the Communist peace movement well. Not only did the name of Picasso enhance its prestige, but the work also conformed to the more realistic approach to art supported by the Communist Party in the Soviet Union. Over the next few years Picasso produced countless more doves in a variety of styles, including the famous Dove of Peace, all of which confirmed his credentials as an advocate of international peace.

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Picasso's image of a dove, first produced in 1949, became one of the best-known icons of international peace when it was adopted as the symbol for the First World Peace Congress organized by the Communist Party. Ironically, the original lithograph represented a pigeon, not a dove. Nor was it intended to symbolize peace.

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In 1949 Pablo Picasso created "Dove of Peace," also known as "La Colombe". This simple yet profound artwork was designed for the World Peace Congress in Paris and has since become an iconic symbol of hope and unity.

Dove 1949 Pablo Picasso 1881-1973 Bequeathed by Elly Kahnweiler 1991 to form part of the gift of ... [+]
(c) Succession Picasso/DACS 2017 / Photo (c) Tate

Measuring just 9.4 x 7.5 inches, the original "Dove of Peace" features an abstract representation of a white dove against a vibrant black background. The choice of colors and subject matter carries deep symbolism, especially considering the global context at the time.

World War II had left the world in turmoil. Picasso, a vocal advocate for peace, sought to contribute to the conversation on disarmament and reconciliation through his art. The dove, was an apt choice to convey his message.

03 March 2022, Berlin: The Berliner Ensemble has rehung a curtain from the times of Bertolt Brecht ... [+]
dpa/picture alliance via Getty Images

The inspiration for the illustrated dove came through a Milanese pigeon, gifted to Picasso by his fellow artist, Henri Matisse. Picasso's rendition of the dove is striking in its simplicity. He employs minimal lines and shapes, to capture the essence of the bird. The angular, abstract approach adds a contemporary relevance to the piece, emphasizing its urgency. The white of the dove represents purity and peace, while the black (blue) background symbolizes the vastness of the sky and the potential for global unity. Picasso's works remind us that peace is an active pursuit that requires collective effort.

The impact of "Dove of Peace" extends beyond the canvas. It has been adopted as a symbol by numerous peace organizations and activists worldwide. Over the years, the image has appeared on posters, banners, and even postage stamps, uniting people who share a commitment to the cause of peace.

06 July 2022, Bavaria, Utting am Ammersee: The aerial view shows an elaborately designed plant field ... [+]
dpa/picture alliance via Getty Images

The power of Picasso's "Dove of Peace" lies in its ability to inspire change and meaningful conversations. Picasso believed that art had a role to play in addressing the issues of the time, and this artwork exemplifies that belief. In the following years of his first dove painting, up until his death, he included the symbol in many other works.

Dove of Peace 1961, Pablo Picasso via Artsy.com
Pablo Picasso, Artsy

Furthermore, Picasso's dedication to peace was not confined to his art. He donated many of his works, including "Dove of Peace," to peace organizations, actively contributing to their efforts to prevent and support in solving conflict. Picasso's commitment to peace demonstrates the potential for artists to make a real-world impact.

Picasso's "Dove of Peace" (later also captured with an olive branch, which also stands for peace) symbolizes hope and unity that transcends its status as a work of art. Its simplicity and abstraction convey a timeless message that resonates with people worldwide. Picasso's devotion to peace, both as an artist and an activist, still serves as an inspiring example of how art can play a significant role in promoting positive change.

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How Picasso's 'Dove Of Peace' Became A Worldwide Symbol Of Hope And Unity

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Picasso, a vocal advocate for peace, sought to contribute to the conversation on disarmament and reconciliation through his art.

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Most Commonly Used Terms in the
"PIGEON WORLD"
This page under constant Construction
If you have words or phrases to ADD, please send me an email....

Ace Hole - The single most favorite trap door you want your bird to go in on race day, unless you miss pronounced it because the bird was late.

Airline - The straight line distance in the nearest thousands of a mile from the loft to the point of release of a race. Computed by approved civil engineering firms. Now, most clubs and organizations use the GPS.

Air Sacs - Nine hollow areas extend throughout the pigeon's body. Air flows through this system of interconnected sacs almost like blood in the circulatory system.

Arm -The humerus - this is the bone in the wing which projects directly from the body.

Arrival Time - The official clocking time of a Racing Homer from a race.

Ash - A Racing Homer of a light tannish color over its entire body and having no bars across its wings. Sometimes called a barless Mealy. Once an Ash, always an Ash.

AU - Abbreviation for the American Racing Pigeon Union, Inc.; the largest national Racing Homer organization in the United States.

Average - About the same as.

Average Speed - Best performance in a loft for a Young Bird or Old Bird Series. Figured by taking the sum of all birds clocked in a single loft, and dividing that by the amount of races flown. If a loft misses one race, they are out of that seasons competition for Average Speed Award.

Aviary - A wire enclosure attached to the loft so the Racing Homers can sun themselves and in which a bath may be given. Also used to train young birds or their surroundings just outside of the loft. It enables the birds be outside on landing board learning how to enter the trap door without being able to fly away from the loft, too young to return home.

Balanced - The term used for the way the bird feels when you hold it in your hand. Good balance is a must.

Bananas - The pattern of scales on the feet and legs.

Band - Band is made out of metal or plastic put on a leg of the pigeon with bird number, year of birth, club or organization. Other type has information of ownership- Name, Address and Phone Number. Hopefully, this band is an ID that anyone who might find the bird where it is not supposed to be, can contact the owners for return. NOT a group of musically endowed pigeons.

Banding - At 7 days old, racing pigeons need to have a unique identification put on one the right leg. This procedure is called banding. Also used for shipping nights when the birds receive a rubber countermark on their leg for that weekends race. (The bird returns home off the race, the master pulls the countermark off their leg and places it in a clock that kicks the exact time or arrival).

Bars - Color bands across the back part of the top surface of a Racing Homer's wing. Not the local place they hang out sucking suds.

Bastard Flight - A small flight like feather that is found at the joint of the wing butt.

BB - Abbreviation for a Blue Bar Racing Homer.

BC - Abbreviation for a Blue Check Racing Homer.

Beak Angle - Angle formed between the forehead and beak.

Beard - A pigeon with excess flesh and feathers directly under the lower beak is said to "have a beard". Not a nickname for Frank Beard of "Z Z Top".

Bib - A color pattern of the front part of the neck.

Billing - Pigeon kissing. When the female sticks her bill down the male's throat and takes an offering of regurgitated food. A behavior known as a prelude to mating.

Blocky - Broad and short of body; also called "apple bodied" or "cobby".

Bloom - A white, powder-like dust found in the feathers of pigeons.

Boom - The sound a gun makes during dove season.

Blue Bar - A Racing Homer of a light bluish gray color with two black bars across the back part of the top surface of its wing. Sometimes simply called Blue.

Blue Check - A Racing Homer of a light bluish gray color with black checked patterns on the top surface of its wing.

Bobs - That part of the trap usually made of light weight aluminum rods that the Racing Homer pushes against to get into the loft. Normally used for a one way entrance.

Bowing - A courtship behavior of a male pigeon like puffing out his neck feathers, lowering his head and turning around in circles.

Breaking Point - A theoretical point where your bird must break from the flock of racing birds in order for it to win a race. "Birds of Feather, Flock Together" and so do pigeons. After liberation at a race station, the pigeons all fly pretty much together, OFTEN to the leader birds loft, then they start "breaking" to get to their own loft.

Breast - Crop region of the body; also includes the pectoral muscles.

Bull eye - A very dark colored eye, thick iris with "breeding grooves" which are black or dark in color

Calcutta - On pooling, this process is putting a loft (and his first bird in) up to the highest bidder, if this loft has the first bird in, the highest bidder who won that mans loft, wins the Calcutta.

Candy - A mixture of small grains used as a treat to entice the birds into faster trapping.

Canker - A yellowish cheesy deposit usually in the birds mouth or throat caused by the protozoan, Trichomonas. Drug of choice is Emtryl.

Capsule - The metal/plastic device, either of the hinge or telescoping variety, in which the countermark is placed before kicking the clock to record flying time. Not all clubs or clocks require the use of capsules.

Carrying Crate - A device usually made of wood and canvas with a dowelled top with a door and a canvas flap type release door on its side; used to carry Racing Homers and release same.

Center - An administrative body that governs a large number of clubs within a geographical area.

Cere (eye) - Bare skin around the eye.

Champion Bird - Bird that flew best and placed higher most often in a Young Bird or Old Bird series of races.

Champion Loft - The loft that had more high points for winning birds in Young Bird or Old Bird series of races.

Checker - A Racing Homer with colored checked patterns on the top surface of its wings.

Circling - The act of a Racing Homer flying in a circular pattern around its loft. Can apply to either loft exercises or after returning from a toss or race. eg. "My bird arrived early off the race but it was "circling" for fifteen minutes before it came down and trapped."

Clock - A special timing device used to record the arrival times of the birds on a paper tape or electronically to the nearest second.

Clock Opening - The time and place where the fanciers meet to calculate the speeds of the bird clocked and to determine the race winner. Each clock is opened and the lofts results of returns are taken and added with all lofts for official race results.

Clutches - a name given to a set of eggs laid.

Cock - A male Racing Homer.

Combine - Two or more clubs that have coordinated race releases and compete for the same prizes and diplomas.

Common - This is a bridge bird or a bird that is not a thoroughbred racing pigeon. Normally shows up in your yard when you are waiting for race birds to return. Most flyers prefers that they have no visits from commons.

Concourse - Similar to a combine but usually larger. Normally two or more combines flying together.

Condition - General health, muscular tone for racing, feather perfection.

Conveyor - A person who hauls the Racing Homers to the race release point.

Cooing - Pigeons make many sounds during courtship, such as "coo-roo-coo-tooo...".

Coop - A structure built to house the pigeons. A loft.

Corkiness - The description given to a pigeon that is light in weight and in race condition.

Countermark - A rubber or stretchable plastic band with a number on it that is placed on the Racing Homer's leg before it is placed in the shipping crate to go out on a race. Verifying that bird with countermark was officially entered into that weeks race.

Cover Feathers - The cover feathers make up most of the wing and are attached to the upper part of the wing.

Coverts - the small feathers of the wings and tails.

Crest - Reversed feathers on the back of the head.

Crooked Keel - A crooked breast bone. A flaw.

Crop - The first stomach of the bird for storing feed located in a fleshy pocket on the neck. Here food is stored for around 12 hours inside the bird before it's passed into the stomach and intestines.

Cross Breeding - The mating of birds with no relationship within the previous five generations or unrelated birds. This is the simplest system and the one used by a lot of fanciers to avoid some of the hazards of in-breeding.

Cull - An unwanted bird; or to eliminate unwanted birds. (to cull)

Dam - Mother Homing Pigeon

Day Bird - A bird released on a race that makes it home before dark on the same day.

Diploma - A certificate issued by a club and its parent national organization recognizing the achievements of a Racing Homer in competition' awarded by the AU on the basis of one diploma for each 20 birds in the race.

Dovecote - Another name for a pigeon loft.

Down - Yellowish fuzzy type covering on newly hatched Racing Homers.

Drag - Term applied to where the majority of the lofts are located for a given race. eg. "I live in the south and most the flyers live up north and the "drag" takes my birds north 40 miles off line of flight."

Driving - Male pigeon runs closely behind his hen like chasing and pecking until she gets into the nest box. This is like tight guarding action.

Drop - During a pigeon race, birds will usually not arrive at the loft at the same time. Instead, they will come in groups, The first " drop " would be that group of pigeons that came home to the loft in the first grouping.

Dropper - A fancy type pigeon that is released in the fancier's yard and flies straight to the landing board to coax the Racing Homer out of the sky and onto the landing board.

Droppings - Excrements of the Racing Homer.

Duck - A short fat feathered fowl that has a flat beak and webbed feet and wattles around going "QUACK QUACK"

Egg-bound - A hen is unable to lay a completely formed egg.

Egg-head - What I think a neighbor is when he says my birds keep him up at night crowing.

Entry Sheet - A sheet or form listing the birds entered in the race and including the identification of each.

Eye Sign - A theory that relates different types of eye patterns and colors to racing and breeding ability. Or a wink in Brail. See this link for a great study of

Fancier - A person who raises or races Racing Homers. A person who breeds or grows a particular animal for points of excellence <a pigeon fancier>

Fancy Pigeon - Any of the many breeds of pigeons used for show purposes rather than for racing. Usually refers to those breeds which have some special kind of feather arrangement, unique shape, size or color pattern. See this site for great pictures of

Feather Merchant - Someone who sells birds. Normally, this refers to the top flyers who race world wide in many lofts, have outstanding winning results and champion birds and raise many pigeons to sell.

First Bird In - Term used for the returning birds from a race or a training toss. eg. "I tossed my birds yesterday from twenty miles away and my "First Bird In" came down with a hawk on his tail"

Flagging - Forcing the birds to fly (exercise around the loft) for a certain length of time.

Flogging - A term I use while talking to my pigeons about what happens to them if they come in second.

Flights - The 20 larger feathers in the Racing Homer's wing. The outer 10 flights are called the Primaries.

Flyers - Pigeon Fanciers who are racing their birds in a certain season.

Flying to Perch - A racing system in which the Racing Homers fly only to their perch; usually used in young bird racing but bragged about in Old Bird Season.

Flying to Trees - On race day...this is an act of mutiny.

Form - The condition used in describing racing pigeons condition.

Fret Marks - Any horizontal mark on deformity on the feathers. Results from lack of proper nutrients to the growing feathers or stress.

Frill - Line of reversed feathers on the neck or crop.

Futurity Race - Race in which there are points or money that the winners receive.

Girth - Circumference of the pigeons body.

GMT - Greenwich Mean Time; official world standard time.

GPS - A navigation system that allows you to find the Longitude and Latitude of certain location.

Grit - A mixture of crushed quartz, granite, oyster shell and charcoal; salt; and trace elements. A necessity for birds to grind u p their food.

Grizzle - Refers to the color pattern of individual feathers of a pigeon that have two colors (Eg., white with gray flecks.)

Hall of Fame - National recognition for outstanding performance in racing.

Hawk - One of our biggest problems. Often called #!"X>!#*___ so and so.

Hawkbait - Often refers to birds that have a lot of white on them.

Hen - A female Racing Homer.

Hold Over - When a race cannot be released for weather reasons it will be held over for better conditions.

Hooples - A device similar to a tennis racket with a long handle that is used to herd the Racing Homers into the trap.

In-Breeding - The mating together of closely related Racing Homers.

In-Decisive - What I am before I load them up on shipping night.

Jewing - Part of the wattle on the lower beak.

Junior Member - A member of the AU who is younger than 18 years of age.

Keel - Bone running down the middle of the breast to which the pectoral muscles are attached.

Keratin - The protein from which the feathers are formed.

K Factor - Some say this disturbs the pigeons homing abilities. Daily regular magnetic field variation arise from current systems caused by regular solar radiation changes. Other irregular current systems produce magnetic field changes caused by the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetosphere, by the magnetosphere itself, by the interactions between the magnetosphere and ionosphere, and by the ionosphere itself. Magnetic activity indices were designed to describe variation in the geomagnetic field caused by these irregular current systems.

Kick - Referring to the act of turning the knob on the timer (clock) that stamps the exact time.

Kicking - Action taken in setting all clocks to the same time.

Kit - A flock of pigeons flying together as a team.

Kitten - A cute little fuzzy thing that likes milk.

Landing Board - A large flat surface on which the birds land before entering the trap and the loft.

Late Hatch - Name given to the 3rd or 4th round young birds which are usually too young to race in the young bird series of races.

Liberation - The act of liberating the race birds. Letting them out of the shipping crates.

Liberator - A person who liberates the birds on a race.

Line of Flight - When training the pigeons, some may take their young birds out in all directions from their loft. At a certain distance, they will then take their birds to train in the "line of flight", being in the direction of the coming seasons scheduled race course.

Loft - A structure usually of wood in which the Racing Homers are housed.

Loft Break - Teaching your birds where they live and to return to the loft. eg. "Take these birds and they should be young enough to "loft break".

Loft Flying - Referring to birds released from the loft for exercise and they circle the yard.

Mandible - The beak or bill.

Master - What the pigeon calls its owner.

Master Timer - A timing device fitted with a sweeping second hand used to synchronize all the clocks.

Mealy - A racing Homer of a light tannish color with red-brown bars across the back part of the top surface of its wings.

Moult - The yearly process of losing all feathers and growing new ones in a systematic manner. The heaviest part of the moult occurs during late summer and early Fall.

Natural System - A racing system in which the birds are kept paired, sitting on eggs or rearing youngsters and used for motivation during a race. Most mother fly hard to get back to their young babies. Oddly enough, as the babies are starting to feather, the fathers fly hard to return.

Nicking - Term used when a strain of family of Racing Homers cross well and produce winners.

Nickel - Five pennies tightly rolled up into one coin.

Night Flight - Term used when the birds refuse to land after their normal evening exercise period and fly all night.

Old Bird - Any Racing Homer more than one year old.

On the Drop - Referring to how many birds came in and landed first. eg. "I had seven birds "on the drop" off the 600 mile race.

One Loft Race - A specific loft where breeders send their birds and all the birds are raced from that one loft.

OOA - Abbreviation for Out of Area birds. Birds shipped in for certain races.

Out-Cross - Mating together of unrelated strains or families of Racing Homers.

Overfly - A loft located farther from the release point than another loft is said to have "overfly" on the shorter loft by the difference in distance.

Pd - Abbreviation for a Pied Racing Homer. (color white mixed on head)

Pectorals - The large muscles lying on both sides of the keel.

Pedigree - The written ancestry and racing record of a Racing Homer.

Perch - An elevated place made for the birds to perch on.

Pied - A Racing Homer with white feathers on its neck or head.

Pigeonary - Dictionary of words and terminology used for pigeons. See a Canadian

Pigeon Club - A number of fanciers who ban together to race pigeons. Has nothing to do with a ban of pigeons united. It is not a big stick used to beat pigeons.

Pigeon Toed - Really has nothing to do with pigeons.

Pin Feather - A growing feather of the young pigeons that has not yet broken through the shaft.

Pipping - The process of the young bird chipping out of the egg shell during hatching.

Plumage - General feathering

Poles - Sticks made of bamboo or wood used to herd the birds to the trap.

Polls - The place to be to vote on the lesser of two evils.

Pool - Refers to the betting that may take place.

Pot Eggs - Artificial eggs made of wood or plastic used to replace real eggs when hatching is undesirable. They are used most often in old bird racing season so that the birds racing will not be exhausted from feeding young.

Premaxilla - The beak

Primaries - Last 10 large flight feathers in the Racing Homer's wing.

Priority - Is what I should consider to make a list of what I should do next. See also: procrastinate

Prisoner - A Racing Homer that is never allowed out of the loft in which it is housed. Usually refers to a bird acquired from someone else that is too old to loft break.

Procrastinate - What I do when faced with having to make a list.

Pumpers - Pigeons used as foster parents.

Pumping - Taking the eggs from the best breeders and putting them under pumpers. Allowing the best pair to lay again in an effort to get as many "best birds" as possible.

Quick - What we call a bird that was clocked flying over 2,500 ypm

Quicker - What I should have been when the wind blew a twenty dollar bill out of my hand.

Quickest - The way Vinny moved when he saw a twenty dollar bill blowing out in the parking lot.

Race - A competitive sporting event to find out who had the fastest pigeon that day.

Race Course - Often voted on for direction and race stations for the coming race season. eg. North, South, East, or West, or points in-between. The course will always stay in one direction for a season.

Race Season - Normally, there are two seasons a year. Young birds fly from Sept to Dec and Old birds fly from March to May here in the North Texas Concourse Arena.

Race Secretary - The person voted in to make the decision for releasing birds on a race (working with race committee.)

Race Station - The designated point of release. Often named after the nearest town or city.

Race Team - The pigeons that one uses during a season of racing in either young bird or old birds series.

Racing Homer - A pigeon whose ability to quickly return home that has been selectively bred over hundreds of generations.

Racing Widows - Sometimes referring to the wives of fanciers who spend so much time in the loft and with their birds.

Rank - A process in courtship when the hen is thoroughly aroused and is eager to tread with the cock.

RB - Abbreviation for a red bar (Mealy) Racing Homer.

RC - Abbreviation for a red check Racing Homer.

Red Bar - The same as Mealy.

Red Book - A book used to determine the fraction of the variation time on the clock's paper tape that is slow or fast with respect to the master timer that is to be added or subtracted, respectively, from the arrival time of a bird as shown on the clock's paper tape to determine the actual arrival time of the Racing Homer by the master timer. Also called "Black Book".

Red Check - A Racing Homer of a light reddish color with dark red-brown checked patterns on the top surface of its wing.

Result Sheets - The print out of the results from a given race.

Ring - Refers to the band we put on the birds leg. See

Road Training - Birds crated, driven to an open area in the country that is free of obstructions and released to fly home. Also called "tossing" the birds. Process is usually referred to during young bird training, during the month before official races start.

Rubber Necking - What you do on a race day waiting for your birds to return.

Running Board - A horizontal 4 to 6 inch wide board running the width of the aviary for the birds to stand on.

Runt - A youngster that did not develop properly.

Scales - The dead skin on the body which surrounds the breast-bone

Secondaries - The 10 smaller flight feathers in the Racing Homer's wing next to its body.

Settling - The act of acclimating young birds to the loft and letting the birds go outside of the loft for the first time.

Settling Cage - A wire cage that sits on the landing board and encloses the front of the trap; used to loft break young birds or prisoners.

Shipping - The procedures in which the members of a racing pigeon club gather to enter their birds into racing competition.

Shipping Crate - A crate used to carry the Racing Homers to the race release point.

Silky - Term used to describe healthy feathers.

Single Toss - Tossing a Racing Homer by itself.

Sire - Father Homing Pigeon

Skipping - What little folks do when they are having fun.

Smash - The dreaded result of NO BIRD returns from a race or toss.

Spl - Abbreviation for a splash Racing Homer (white feathers splashed throughout body).

Splash - Irregular arrangement of white and colored feathers on a Racing Homer's body.

Spraddle Legged - A young bird with its legs horizontal to its body so that it can not stand up. This condition results from insufficient amount of nesting material.

Squab - A baby pigeon.

Squeaker - Young Racing Homer from 2 to 8 weeks old.

Stall Trap - A type of trap designed with several partitions so that only one Racing Homer may enter a stall at a time. It has a locking device that keeps the bird in the stall until the countermark is removed. Only after the fancier unlocks the trap can the Racing Homer enter the loft.

Stockings - Feathers on the legs or feet.

Team - The group of homers that are being raced or flown.

Throw Back - A color pattern or type that does not look like either parent, but which greatly resembles a distant relative.

Tick - One or two white feathers located behind the Racing Homer's eye.

Tossing - The act of taking a Racing Homer away from its loft and releasing it so that it has to fly home.

Trap - The device that allows a Racing Homer to enter its loft but from which it cannot exit its loft. Also used to designate the time the birds enter the loft. ex. "What time did your bird TRAP?"

Treading - The sexual act where the cock jumps onto the hen's back.

Tripping - Refers to the exercising Racing Homers leaving the immediate vicinity of their loft and flying for long periods of time. Also called "ranging - or routing".

Unikon - Electronic clocking system. Has antennas in the trap and chip rings on the pigeons leg that electronically clock the exact second the bird goes through the trap.

Unitarian - A free lance Christian that can't make up their mind which God to believe in.

Variation Time - The time difference between the clock and the master timer.

Velocity - Average speed of pigeon in a race expressed in meters per minute or yards per minute.

Vent Bones - Two small bones directly behind and on either side of the breast bone and under its tail.

Visitor - A bird from another loft that comes into your loft would be a visitor.

Wattle - Fleshy cover on the nostrils behind the upper beak.

Weaning - Taking the young birds away from their parents; usually done at 28 days of age, plus or minus a few days.

Wflt - Abbreviation for white flight.

White Flight - A Racing Homer with one or more white primary-flights.

Widowhood - A racing system whereby the cock bird races to the hen. He only sees the hen immediately before and after coming home from the race. There are about a half dozen ways to fly "widowhood" but they all consist of ways to motivate the bird racing into flying faster to get home to see what is going on with his family.

Windspeed - Program used in calculating race results.

X-Ray Glasses - Don't really work.

Yearling - A one year old Racing Homer.

Young Bird - A pigeon that is not a year old.

YPM - Abbreviation for yards-per-minute; used to give the speed of the Racing Homer when they have been officially clocked coming off a race.

Zipp-It-Up - And mail it, that's all there is to our PIGEONARY unless you have something to add.

If you do...send it in.

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Most Commonly Used Terms in the "PIGEON WORLD" This page under constant Construction If you have words or phrases to ADD, please send me an email.... Ace Hole - The single most favorite trap door you want your bird to go in on race day, unless you miss pronounced it because the bird was late.

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late 14c., pijoun, "a dove, a young dove" (early 13c. as a surname), from Old French pijon, pigeon "young dove" (13c.), probably from Vulgar Latin *pibionem, dissimilation from Late Latin pipionem (nominative pipio) "squab, young chirping bird" (3c.), from pipire "to peep, chirp," a word of imitative origin. As an English word it replaced culver (Old English culufre, from Vulgar Latin *columbra, from Latin columbula) and native dove (n.).

The meaning "one easily duped, a simpleton to be swindled" is from 1590s (compare gull (n.2)). Pigeon-hearted (1620s) and pigeon-livered (c. 1600) are "timid, easily frightened." A pigeon-pair (by 1800) are twins of the opposite sex (or family consisting of a boy and a girl only), so called because pigeons lay two eggs, normally hatching a male and a female.

also from late 14c.

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pigeon | Etymology of pigeon by etymonline

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"a dove, a young dove" (early 13c. as a surname), from Old French pijon, pigeon "young... See origin and meaning of pigeon.

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Explore Pigeon Quotes by authors including Guy Ritchie, Owen Jones, and Ashwin Sanghi at BrainyQuote.

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He said to him, "Bring me a heifer three years old, a female goat three years old, a ram three years old, a turtledove, and a young pigeon."

"'If his offering to the LORD is a burnt offering of birds, then he shall offer his offering of turtledoves, or of young pigeons.

"'If he can't afford a lamb, then he shall bring his trespass offering for that in which he has sinned, two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, to the LORD; one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering.

"'But if he can't afford two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, then he shall bring his offering for that in which he has sinned, the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for a sin offering. He shall put no oil on it, neither shall he put any frankincense on it, for it is a sin offering.

"'When the days of her purification are completed, for a son, or for a daughter, she shall bring to the priest at the door of the Tent of Meeting, a year old lamb for a burnt offering, and a young pigeon, or a turtledove, for a sin offering:

If she cannot afford a lamb, then she shall take two turtledoves, or two young pigeons; the one for a burnt offering, and the other for a sin offering: and the priest shall make atonement for her, and she shall be clean.'"

and two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, such as he is able to afford; and the one shall be a sin offering, and the other a burnt offering.

He shall offer one of the turtledoves, or of the young pigeons, such as he is able to afford,

"'On the eighth day he shall take two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, and come before the LORD to the door of the Tent of Meeting, and give them to the priest:

On the eighth day she shall take two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, and bring them to the priest, to the door of the Tent of Meeting.

and to offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the Lord, "A pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons."

On the eighth day he shall bring two turtledoves or two young pigeons to the priest, to the door of the Tent of Meeting.

Christian Literature

Most of the teaching of Jesus are recorded in the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. The Complete Sayings of Jesus presents every word spoken by Jesus in one place and provides an index to assist in finding specific ocassions, places and/or events. It is a must read aid for serious Bible study.

He that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, saith the Lord. These are the words of Christ; and they direct us to imitate his life and character. The Imitation of Christ is guide to following the example of Jesus Christ. Let it be our most earnest study to dwell upon the life and example of Jesus.

The Apocrypha books are 14 books that were included between the old and new testaments in the original King James Version of the bible and many others. Church leaders agreed that these books were valuable for instruction in life and manners, but did not all agree that they should be considered cannon.

The Childrens Bible provides bible lessons from the Old and New testaments. There are 216 stories written in plain english. The stories are easy to read and understand but they are not just for childern. It is a pleasure to read and enjoy these important stories.

God is Love

Let us love one another, for love comes from God and every one who loves is a child of God and knows God. He who loves not man does not know God, for God is love. God showed his love for us, for he sent his only Son into the world that through him we might have life. Love the stranger.

In Mark 12:30 Jesus said; And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength: this [is] the first commandment.

And the second Mark 12:31 [is] like, [namely] this, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. There is none other commandment greater than these.

New Testament

Old Testament

Lost Books

The Gospel of The Birth of Mary was attributed to St. Matthew and was received as genuine and authentic by early Christians. It is to be found in the works of Jerome, a Father of the Church in the 4th century and is translated from his collection.

The Book of Enoch is ascribed to the great-grandfather of Noah and is included in the cannon of some churches. It describes the fall of the angels (watchers), visions of heaven and hell and the birth of Noah. Quotes from the book of Enoch are found in the New Testament.

The First Book of Adam and Eve. Books 1 begins immediately after the expulsion from the Garden of Eden. We learn about the fall but also of the promise to save Adam and his decendents. The story depicts mans struggle against evil, the devil and sin.

The Second Book of Adam and Eve. Discusses Adam's sorrow and death. The history of the patriarchs who lived before the Flood until the birth of Noah; the children of Seth on Mount Hermon and Cain's death. It ends with the testament and translation of Enoch.

The Infancy of Jesus Christ (Infancy Gospel of Thomas) relates the life of Jesus from the ages of five to twelve. It is believed that the document was transcribed from oral traditions some time prior to the second century. The ancient writing is possibly Gnostic and many early church leaders considered it heretical.

Bible Study

Daily Bible study is essential. The Bible Verse of the Day provides a collection of enlightening and inspiration bible verses. Improve your knowledge and understanding of the Bible and your life by studying the words of the holy scripture. Explore the King James Bible (kjv) and discover new insights.

The World English Bible was produced to provide speakers of modern English with a version of the Bible that is easily understood. The Bible is in the public domain and available world-wide. It is an accurate modern translation of the original King James Bible, including the Apocryphal books.

Looking for something in the Bible? Want to find a specifc verse or list of words? The Bible search feature makes it easy find verses or words. Enter the verses or words in the search bar or visit the search page to access additional search options. Finding information in the Bible will never be easier.

Frequently Searched

Favorite Verses and Stories

The favorite verses page is a list of popular bible verses. Each verse includes a link to the chapter and verse of the book where it is found in the bible. Click on any link for a bible verse and it will take you to that location in the bible.

The bible contains great stories. Visit the bible stories page for links to some of the best known and most significant stories and passages in the bible.

Frequently Searched Words

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Bible Verses About Pigeon - 12 passages - World English Bible (WEB)

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(web) "Pigeon" - discussed most often in the books of Leviticus (9), Genesis (1) and Luke (1). "Pigeon" - mentioned in 4 books and occurs times in the Bible (WEB)

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When the weather is nice and the skies are clear in the evenings between September and June, a strange and wonderful thing happens in the Spanish countryside. Flocks of brightly painted male pigeons take wing, each pursuing a lone female. The birds are trailed by spectators in cars and on Vespas, creating haphazard and colorful parades. Ricardo Cases documents this joyous, quirky pastime in his series Paloma al aire.

The event is all part of a sport called Colombicultura that dates to the late 1700s and remains popular in provinces like Valencia, Murcia and Alicante. With as many as 90 pigeons chasing one female, the race is not about speed, but attraction. After two hours, the winning pigeon is the one that spent the most time closest to the female. It's a test of gallantry for " the one with the greatest persistence and reproductive instinct." Owners paint their pigeons electric shades of pink and blue in order to tell them apart, but also to add to the pageantry.

"It's just like the young men at the discotheque in town who go there with the best clothes to speak with this one woman," Cases says.

Colombicultura is hardly a national pastime, but participants take it seriously. Federations govern the competitions, and a national championship is held in June. There's real money involved, too. There are entry fees and sometimes cash prizes. Prize birds can be worth thousands of euros, and so can the bets.

To determine which bird spends the most time consorting with the female, an official referee keeps a ledger that lists the pigeons and their colors. As in other sports, the referee is respected but also scorned if there's a disagreement over a call. "Of course there are disputes," Casas says. "It's like people arguing about a foul in soccer."

The colors owners choose often reference national flags or their favorite soccer team. The pigeons also have grandiose names. There are birds named "Messi" after Lionel Messi, the Argentinian soccer champ who plays for FC Barcelona, and birds with names like " El burro" or "the donkey," a reference to the pigeon's character. Others have equestrian sounding names like " No mas lagrimas " or "no more tears."

The female bird wears a radio transmitter so she doesn't get lost. The birds are trained to stay within a certain geographic area, but sometimes things go awry. Once, a female pigeon landed on a boat headed for the island of Mallorca and took several male pigeons with her. Cases says the owners called friends in the area and eventually got their birds back.

For Cases, the project and corresponding book is about the sport, but it's also about the unique character of the Spanish people. He loves making work about the more obscure, ignored parts of Spanish culture and likes that there's a strong community element to Colombicultura that hasn't become some cliché about the country.

"Everyone is talking about soccer players or famous musicians, but I prefer to be with these people," he says. "They might not be important the general media but they are important for me."
Work from Paloma al aire represented by the Dillon Gallery will be part of the Paris Photo Los Angeles, May 1 - 3.

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The Wild Colors and Quirky Characters of Pigeon Racing

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When the weather is nice and the skies are clear in the evenings between September and June, a strange and wonderful thing happens in the Spanish countryside.

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Article looking at what pigeons eat. What they eat in the wild, and what they eat in urban environments.

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British International Championship Club (BICC)

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Sadly and unexpectedly Terry Johnson passed away in April 2018. His site 'Pigeonweb.co.uk' will now be restored and kept updated thereafter by Terry's eldest son Phil.

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11 of Terry Johnson's 2+ year olds have gone to the BICC Barcelona International. They are due to be liberated from the Barcelona race point on 6th July 2018. I will update this post with news as it develops.

Update: 6/7/2018
According to the BICC website the Barcelona International race birds have been held over due to unsatisfactory weather conditions in central France and the race point has been moved 30km West of the original. Liberation of the birds now is scheduled for Saturday 7/7/18.

Update: 7/7/2018

The racing pigeons were liberated at the Barcelona race point at 8 am.
Update: 30/12/2018
Took 30th position BICC Barcelona 2018 with a nine year old hen. She is now named 'Terry's Pearl' and has been retired to the stock loft.

Terry's Pearl is down from (CHAMPION VLEKJE x VLEKJE BONT) x (GD OF INVINCIBLE SPIRIT x GD OF DE JOOP).

Terry Johnson's racing pigeons sent to BICC Barcelona 2018 are as follows:

Ring Number

Colour

Sex

Result

This entry was posted in Latest, The Last 100. Tagged Barcelona, BICC, TerryJohnson, TheLast100.

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The Last 100 - BICC Barcelona International 2018

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11 of Terry Johnson's 2+ year olds have gone to the BICC Barcelona International. They are due to be liberated from the Barcelona race point on 6th July 2018. I will update this post with news as it develops. Update: 6/7/2018 According to the BICC website the Barcelona International race birds have been held over d ...

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Bruce Gilden is one of the most iconic street photographers of our time. Known for his graphic and often confrontational close-ups made using flash, his images have a degree of intimacy and directness that have become a signature in his work. Though he cut his teeth on the sidewalks of New York City where he grew up, he has since made significant bodies of work in Haiti, Japan, Moscow, France, Ireland and India. "I'm known for taking pictures very close," says Gilden of his practice. "And the older I get, the closer I get."

Gilden was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1946. He studied sociology at Penn State University but didn't complete the course. Although he briefly flirted with the idea of being an actor, Gilden decided to become a photographer in 1967, when he bought his first camera. He attended evening classes at the School of Visual Arts in New York, but largely considers himself to be self-taught.

As well as his many acclaimed personal projects, Gilden has worked on commissions for Louis Vuitton, RATP Parisian transportation system, The Climate Group, and Mission Photographique Transmanche as well as publications including Wallpaper, New York Times Magazine.

Gilden has received many awards and grants for his work, including National Endowments for the Arts fellowships (1980, 1984 and 1992), French "Villa Medicis Hors les Murs" grant (1995), grants from the New York State Foundation for the Arts ( 1979, 1992 and 2000), a Japan Foundation Artist Fellowship (1999) and in 2013 a Guggenheim Foundation fellowship. Since the seventies, his work has been exhibited in museums and galleries all over the world.

Gilden lives in Beacon, New York. He joined Magnum Photos in 1998.

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Bruce Gilden * Photographer Profiles * Magnum Photos

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Bruce Gilden is one of the most iconic street photographers of our time. Known for his graphic and often confrontational close-ups made using flash, his images have a degree of intimacy and directness that have become a signature in his work.

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Portfolio Website of Yoshi Sodeoka, Video Artist.