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-Integration of subject content and language learning

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Focus on interaction and communication

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Emphasizes real-life communication skills and fluency

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Focus on meaningful communication

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Communication and fluency

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Hymes, Canale & Swain

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Pre-class learning and in-class practice

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Students learn new content at home and practice in class

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Learning through projects and real-world tasks

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Student-centered learning

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Assessment of teaching knowledge

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Teaching subjects like science or history in English   to enhance language skills

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Integrates language and content learning

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More subject-focused than traditional language teaching

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Language through subject content

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David Marsh

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1994

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Contextualized language learning

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Requires dual-subject expertise

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Project-based learning, collaborative tasks

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Less focus on grammar accuracy

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1970s

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Promotes practical language use

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Can neglect formal accuracy

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Role plays, group discussions

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Active learning in-class

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Content delivery outside of class

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Active learning, engagement

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Jonathan Bergmann & Aaron Sams

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2007

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Maximizes class time for practice

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Requires access to technology

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Video lectures, interactive activities

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More extensive than traditional methods

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Real-world application

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John Dewey

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Early 20th century

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Develops critical thinking

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Can be time-consuming

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Research projects, presentations

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Focus on language teaching methodology

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Professional development for teachers

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Assessment-based

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Teacher knowledge

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Cambridge English

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2005

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Recognized certification

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Focuses on theoretical knowledge

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Lesson planning, classroom management