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Traditional folk medicine is an integral component of Sudanese health care, and its use predates Christs' birth. The use of herbs, physical therapies and spiritual verse all have a part to play in health prevention, diagnosis and disease management (Mariod, Tahir & Agab, 2023).

Specifically, herbs have been proven to correct metabolic disturbances in diabetic rats, which supports their use in managing diabetes disease (Alamin, Yagi & Yagi, 2015).

They are pictured below.

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There are barriers that impact how refugees engage with health clinicians, e.g. familial and language barriers. The family unit might need to be informed of proposed care plans, and the benefits and risks before informed consent can be given. Any mishandling of this process could result in a breach of reasonable care taken by the clinician (Migrant & Refugee Women's Health Partnership [MRWHP], 2019).

Within my own practice I would ask the patient which family members needed the health information relating to the patient. I would consider accessing translation services, or a trusted family member available with the ability to translate for the patient.

This could make the patient feel supported with their health plan, feel heard and have their concerns allayed. It facilitates development of rapport and trust (MRWHP, 2019).

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Chronic Non-communicable diseases in Adults: Diabetes mellitis

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Chronic Non-communicable diseases in Adults: Diabetes mellitis

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Undiagnosed diabetes mellitis (DM) in Sudan is attributed to lack of health services and screening in the region. It is predicted that the instances of DM will double by 2030 (Noor et al., 2015). For those who have not been diagnosed in their country of birth but in their country of refuge, they would still be aware of the traditions and rituals that are used for the management of DM in Sudan.

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However, for Sudanese refugees and asylum seekers arriving in Australia that have been diagnosed with DM, it would be confronting to hear that management of diabetes is via lab made medications. The traditional medicines and rituals with which they are accustomed and trust are unavailable in Australia (Alamin, Yagi & Yagi, 2015; Hilmi et al., 2014). To expect the uptake of these new medications and managements to be immediate is culturally insensitive and puts this population group at risk of mismanaging or not managing DM.

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Roth et al., (2022) noted that the enablers to Sudanese refugees effectively managing DM included rapport with health care providers, as well as a hybrid management plan which included aspects of their traditions and rituals. Whereas barriers were language and social/familial obligations which infers that health decisions might be made as a family for an individual (MRWHP, 2019).