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This visual illustrates the different phonemes in words and their role in word structure.

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Activity: Phoneme Segmentation Game
Description: Students use a set of counters to break words into individual sounds. For example, the word 'cat' would be broken into /c/ /a/ /t/ using three counters.
Differentiation:
- For emerging learners, use simpler words (e.g., 'bat').
- For advanced learners, use more complex words (e.g., 'grand').

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This visual shows the relationship between letters and sounds, which is a crucial aspect of phonics instruction.

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Activity: Letter-Sound Bingo
Description: Students play a bingo game where they match letters to their corresponding sounds. For instance, the teacher calls out a sound and students cover the corresponding letter on their bingo card.
Differentiation:
- For emerging learners, use simple letter-sound correspondences (e.g., 'a' for /a/).
- For advanced learners, use blends or digraphs (e.g., 'ch' for /ch/).

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Family Resource: Supporting Phonics at Home

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Family Resource: Supporting Phonics at Home

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This visual highlights the components of reading fluently, including accuracy, expression, and speed.

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Activity: Partner Reading
Description: Students read a leveled text to a partner, practicing fluent reading. They provide each other with feedback on accuracy and expression.
Differentiation:
- For emerging readers, use texts with simple sentences and repetitive structures.
- For advanced readers, use more complex texts with varied sentence structures.

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Family Resource: Encouraging Fluency at Home

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Family Resource: Encouraging Fluency at Home

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Let's Learn RHYMING {Phonemic Awareness}

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ABC Phonics Chant for Children  |  Sounds and Actions from A to Z

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Understanding vocabulary is crucial for reading comprehension. Attached is a graphic that explains the different tiers of vocabulary words (Tier 1: Basic words, Tier 2: High-frequency words used by mature language users, and Tier 3: Subject-specific words). This visual will help students categorize and understand new words.

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Vocabulary Bingo is a fun and engaging activity where students match vocabulary words with their definitions. This activity can be modified for different developmental levels by providing simpler words and pictures for younger students and more complex words for older students. Accommodations include using visual aids for ELL students and simplifying language for students with special needs.

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Flashcards can be an effective tool for vocabulary building at home. They can include pictures for younger learners or ELL students, making the words easier to remember. Parents can create these flashcards with their children to enhance learning and bonding time. [Link to free online flashcard maker](https://www.quizlet.com).

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Online vocabulary games are a great way to make learning fun at home. They can cater to different developmental needs and languages, helping children retain new words through play. Check out this [website with free vocabulary games](https://www.vocabulary.co.il).

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Great Vocabulary Games, Apps, and Sites | Common Sense Education

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Great Vocabulary Games, Apps, and Sites is a list of 19 apps, games, and websites curated by Common Sense Education editors.

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Reading comprehension involves understanding, analyzing, and interpreting text. Our comprehension graphic explains these processes and how students can become active readers by asking questions and making connections. This visual will serve as a guide for improving comprehension skills.

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The QAR activity teaches students how to identify different types of questions (Right There, Think and Search, Author and You, On Your Own) and how to find answers in the text. This activity can be adapted for various developmental levels by using simpler texts for younger readers and more challenging texts for advanced students. Visual aids can be used to help ELL students and those with special needs grasp the concepts.

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Encouraging students to keep a reading log at home can help track their reading habits and improve comprehension. This tool can be especially beneficial for families who may have limited resources, as it requires nothing more than a notebook. Reading logs can help students reflect on what they read and discuss it with their parents. [Here is a simple reading log template](https://www.example.com).

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Story mapping helps students understand and organize the elements of a story. Parents can guide their children to draw or write the main characters, setting, problem, and solution of a story. This resource is excellent for making reading interactive and supportive for ELL families and those with diverse communication or cultural dynamics. Find a [story map template here](https://www.readwritethink.org).

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Adler, C. (2004). Seven Strategies to Teach Students Text Comprehension.

Armbruster, B. B., Lehr, F., & Osborn, J. (2001) Put reading first: The research building blocks for teaching children to read kindergarten through grade three. Washington, DC: The U.S. Department of Education.

Boulineau, T., Fore, C, Hagan-Burke, S. and Burke, M. (2004). Use of Story-Mapping to Increase the Story-Grammar Text Comprehension of Elementary Students with Learning Disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly, Vol. 27, No. 2 (Spring, 2004), pp. 105-121

Nell K. Duke, P. David Pearson, Stephanie L. Strachan, and Alison K. Billman (2011) Essential Elements of Fostering and Teaching Reading Comprehension . From What Research Has to Say About Reading Instruction (4th ed.), International Reading Association.

Nell K. Duke, Alessandra E. Ward, and P. David Pearson (2021). The Science of Reading Comprehension Instruction , The Reading Teacher, Vol 74, No. 6 (May-June 2021).

Dunst, C, Simkus, A, Hamby, D. (2012). Children's Story Retelling as a Literacy and Language Enhancement Strategy. CELLreviews 5(4). Asheville, NC: Orelena Hawks Puckett Institute, Center for Early Literacy Learning.

Santa, C., Havens, L., & Valdes, B. (2004). Project CRISS: Creating independence through student owned strategies 3rd Edition. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt Publishing Company.

Timothy Shanahan et al., Improving Reading Comprehension in Kindergarten Through 3rd Grade (2010). U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences.

Trabasso, T., & Bouchard, E. (2002) Teaching readers how to comprehend text strategically. In C. Block and M. Pressley, (Eds.) Comprehension instruction: Research-based practices (pp. 176-200). NY: Guilford Press.

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Story maps use graphic organizers to help students learn the elements of a book or story. The most basic story maps focus on the beginning, middle, and end of the story. More advanced organizers focus more on plot or character traits.

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A comprehensive study on the methods and impacts of vocabulary instruction in elementary education. Great for teachers looking to enhance their instructional strategies.

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Effective Vocabulary Instruction Fosters Knowing Words, Using Words, and Understanding How Words Work

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This clinical focus article will highlight the importance of vocabulary instruction, in particular, thinking about instruction in terms of focusing students' attention on words and their uses. Vocabulary knowledge that supports literacy and academic learning is extensive and multidimensional.

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Book: Bringing Words to Life by Isabel L. Beck

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Book: Bringing Words to Life by Isabel L. Beck

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This book offers strategies for robust vocabulary instruction and practical approaches to help students learn new words more effectively.

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Hundreds of thousands of teachers have used this highly practical guide to help K-12 students enlarge their vocabulary and get involved in noticing, understanding, and using new words. Grounded in research, the book explains how to select words for instruction, introduce their meanings, and create engaging learning activities that promote both word knowledge and reading comprehension. The authors are trusted experts who draw on extensive experience in diverse classrooms and schools. Sample lessons and vignettes, children's literature suggestions, "Your Turn" learning activities, and a Study Guide for teachers enhance the book's utility as a classroom resource, professional development tool, or course text. The Study Guide can also be downloaded and printed for ease of use (www.guilford.com/beck-studyguide).

New to This Edition
*Reflects over a decade of advances in research-based vocabulary instruction.
*Chapters on vocabulary and writing; assessment; and differentiating instruction for struggling readers and English language learners, including coverage of response to intervention (RTI).
*Expanded discussions of content-area vocabulary and multiple-meaning words.
*Many additional examples showing what robust instruction looks like in action.
*Appendix with a useful menu of instructional activities.

See also the authors' Creating Robust Vocabulary: Frequently Asked Questions and Extended Examples , which includes specific instructional sequences for different grade ranges, as well as Making Sense of Phonics, Second Edition: The Hows and Whys , by Isabel L. Beck and Mark E. Beck, an invaluable resource for K-3.

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Bringing Words to Life: Robust Vocabulary Instruction

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Amazon.com: Bringing Words to Life: Robust Vocabulary Instruction: 9781462508167: Isabel L. Beck, Margaret G. McKeown, Linda Kucan: Books

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An educational podcast that offers insights and strategies for reading instruction, including vocabulary and comprehension development.

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Welcome to the Reading Without Walls Podcast!

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Join me for my Reading Without Walls video podcast series where I get the chance to share awesome interviews with children's book authors and other interesting people that I meet during my travels as ambassador. In my first podcast, I'm sitting down with the former National Ambassador for Young People's Literature, Kate DiCamillo.

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Video: Reading Strategies for Special Education

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Video: Reading Strategies for Special Education

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This video provides strategies and activities specifically designed to support students with special educational needs in reading comprehension.

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Reading Strategies for Students With Learning Disabilities | Lexia®

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Fifteen percent of students in the U.S. receive special education services. Here are some of the best reading strategies for special education students.

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Article: Supporting ELL Students in Reading

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Article: Supporting ELL Students in Reading

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An article that details various strategies and resources for helping English Language Learners improve their reading skills. It includes practical tips for vocabulary and comprehension.

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1. Read to students every day

2. Support students' comprehension as much as possible

3. Teach the alphabet when necessary

4. Teach phonics in context

5. Check comprehension frequently

7. Support native language literacy

8. Encourage reading outside of the classroom

9. Establish an English Language Learner Center

10. Make up individualized activity packs for your newcomers

You are welcome to print copies for non-commercial use, or a limited number for educational purposes, as long as credit is given to Reading Rockets and the author(s). For commercial use, please contact the author or publisher listed.

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Supporting ELLs in the Mainstream Classroom: Reading Instruction

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You can and should use what you already know to be effective, research-based reading instruction to English language learners (ELLs). However, ELLs will need additional support in learning how to read, and the strategies here will help you to provide assistance in your everyday teaching, particularly for newcomers (students who have recently arrived in the U.S.).

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Graphic organizers can help students understand relationships between words and concepts. Tools like word maps and semantic webs are particularly useful for breaking down complex vocabulary and linking new words to known concepts.

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Using Graphic Organizers for Comprehension

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Using Graphic Organizers for Comprehension

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Graphic organizers, such as story maps and Venn diagrams, can support comprehension by helping students organize and visualize information. These tools are especially helpful for students who struggle with reading comprehension.

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Improve Comprehension & Reading  ► Top Tips | Learn English

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Let's Read! | Reading Comprehension | Kinder and Grade 1 | Teaching Mama

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Vocabulary Strategies That Boost Students' Reading Comprehension, Grades 2-6