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The Incas spoke using an indigenous language family known as the Quechuan language family, or Runasimi. Although this language was primarily used within the Peruvian Andes, Quechua was the primary language used in the Incan Empire. Quechua uses an alphabet with characters representing specific sounds. However, the way that Quechua was writing was used with strings. This is called knot writing, and it was how the Incans communicated with each other during the civilizations' time. Today. Quechua is the most widely spoken indigenous language in the country of Peru.

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Incan art was the most advanced within their architecture. The structures that were built within the empire not only represented their unique style of architecture, but how they expressed their religion, beliefs and ideologies through the art that was built into the structures. Palaces, temples, waterworks, fortresses and cities that were constructed in the Incan civilization very well represent how the Incans viewed the world around them.

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Religion and ideology was very important within the Incan Empire. This religion was polytheistic, so there was more than one god, in a wide array of positively-viewed beings. Examples of gods from Incan religion would be Viracocha, the creator god and Apu Illapu, the rain god. In the Incan civilization, countless shrines and places of worship existed.

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In Incan hierarchy, most individuals (citizens, slaves, peasants, etc.) were placed in the lowest level and their jobs consisted of farming, selling, and creating goods. People born in the site of Cusco were also considered "Inca by blood." Individuals who were not born within the site held a lower status than Inca-born individuals.

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Just like the Aztecs and the Mayans, the Incas based their job titles off of a hierarchy

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The most important Incan cities that most contributed to the Incan empire was the site of Machu Picchu, and the center of their federalized government Cuzco.

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Though the Incas used a systematical hierarchy just like the other two mentioned empires, the Incan government was a federalist system. This consisted of a central government and four different quarters which the Incas called 'suyu'. All four quarters met at a single center point called Cusco.

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The last empire that will be mentioned is the Incan Empire. This empire was the largest Pre-Columbian civilization in Mesoamerica. The Incan Empire flourished from approximately 1200 to 1533 AD. The Incans are well known for their architecture, contributions to interconnectedness through networks of roads, and their religion and ideologies.

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The Aztecs interacted using a language called Nahuatl. This was the empires main language before being conquered by the Europeans. To this day, one and a half million people still use the language. Nahuatl is also a part of a larger group of languages known as the Uto-Aztecan language family.

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The Aztecs had a very unique style of art and architecture, as their culture was very artistic and expressive. The Aztecs had many beautiful paintings, featherwork, ceramics, pottery, carving, writing, and mosaics. They also loved to use very bright and expressive colors. For Aztec architecture, they had built the largest pyramid in Mesoamerica: The Great Pyramid of Cholula.

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The Aztecs, like the Mayans, also had polytheistic beliefs. Several gods existed within their religion. One example was Tonatiuh, the god of the sun. Many deities existed as well along with the idea of an afterlife of hope and freedom or pain and suffering.

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Slaves, Peasants, Commoners, Government Officials, Priests, High-ranking Warriors, and the Ruler along with his family. This was how the Aztec social classes were organized.

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The jobs within the Aztec Empire were based upon a hierarchy which separated their society by titles which are as follows:

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These three cities not only represent how much the empire loved the letter "T", but they were the center of the Aztec civilizations main growth. The biggest city Tenochtitlan, built over Lake Texcoco, introduced new innovations such as chinampas, held most of the empires people, and was the Aztec Empire's capital city. Even to this day, Tenochtitlan still lasts to this day now labeled as Mexico City, Mexico's capital city.

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The Aztecs had several cities within their empire. However, the most important cities which helped contribute to the civilizations growing power and influence are as follows:

Tenochtitlan

Texcoco

Tlacopan

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The Aztec government could be considered close in comparison to the way the Roman Republics government was ran. However, the Aztecs strict and cruel ruling over the people within their monarchy was critical. The government was able to maintain its power by having conquered areas send in valuable goods and resources to the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan.

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The Aztec Empire was another Pre-Columbian Civilization which had a huge influence in early Mesoamerica. The Aztecs are mostly known for their unique culture. This included their art, architecture, language, calendar system, land and agriculture. The way the Aztecs ruled with an iron fist was also a very notable thing about the empire.

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The Mayan writing system has been dubbed as one of the most sophisticated and difficult languages ever developed in the Pre-Columbian civilizations in Mesoamerica.
The Mayans used a complex system of hieroglyphics comprised of 800 individual glyphs paired in columns.

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Pictured is the ancient Chichen Itza in Yucatan, Mexico

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The Mayans had a very unique style of art and architecture when compared to places like ancient Rome and China. Mayan art included the use of wood, stone, clay and stucco decorations and sculptures. Their architecture also consisted of massive step-pyramids, monumental stairways, and multi-level elevated platforms.

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The Mayans believed in polytheism, which means they believed in the existence of more than one god. They also supported the idea of animism which is the belief that all things, including inanimate objects, had souls.

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Servants

Farmers

Artists

Professionals

Merchants

Priests

Government Officials

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People within the Mayan civilizations had certain jobs based on their level in the Mayan social class hierarchy. For example, people who were born as peasants most likely did not rise to power as a priest or high king. Therefore, the jobs that they were given are as follows...

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The Mayans also had countless cities within their empire. Though, only some were major and contributed tons to the growth of the empire:

Palenque,

Copán,

Tikal,

Toniná,

Yaxchilán,

Banampak

Each city had their own unique contribution to the empire.

For example, the city of Copán was one of the most important sites in the Mayan Empire, and this city, like many others, holds a significant amount of Mayan Ruins and sculptures which call back to the period in which they thrived.

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The levels of the hierarchy are as follows (starting from the bottom):

Peasants

Merchants and Artisans

Nobles

Council (Priesthood), often made up of Royal family.

King or High Priest

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The Mayans government was formed in a hierarchy, which represented what title people who lived in the Mayans had.
Each state of the Mayan Empire was also ruled by a hereditary monarchy.

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The Mayans are one of the most important Pre-Columbian civilizations of the Americas. The Mayan Empire which lasted from around 250 CE to 900, are very well known for their written language of hieroglyphics, an accurate calendar system, and the mathematical concept of zero.